Mirghani Yousif

University of Gezira · Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice

Globally, the increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence and related complications underscores the critical need for effective management strategies. Although various medications are available, the challenge of medication adherence remains prominent among patients. This review investigates the effects of pharmacist-led interventions on...

Aim Medication discrepancies are a major safety concern for hospitalized patients and healthcare professionals. Medication Reconciliation (MR) is a widely used tool in different practice settings to ensure the proper use of medications. Objective This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the clinical pharmacists-led MR process in identifying...

Background: The quinolone group, a synthetic antimicrobial, is widely used worldwide to treat many diseases, including those caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli and others are among the bacteria that produce quinolone resistance genes (qnr) such as qnrA and aac(6′)-Ib-cr. Objective: The present study aimed to the isolate Escherichia...

Background: Intravenous medications have greater complexity and require multiple steps in their preparation and administration, which is considered a high risk for patients. Objective: To determine the incidence of intravenous medications preparation and administration errors in critically ill patients. Methods: This was an observational, cros...

Pharmaceutical care (PhC) services interventions led by pharmacists within community pharmacies (CPs) are essential in achieving optimal medication use outcomes. PhC is a concept related to medication use goals optimization through the reduction and prevention of drug-related problems (DRPs). This review paper summarized the literature on pharmacis...

Background: Pharmaceutical Care (PhC) services within community pharmacies (CPs) have become a vital issue in many developed countries. Purpose: This study assessed the availability of PhC tools and pharmacists' views towards PhC services within CPs in Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to August 2020 usin...

The proper use of inhaler devices can improve medication efficacy while decreasing dose and adverse effects. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pharmacist-led asthma education interventions on inhaler techniques. This study was a controlled, randomized, prospective intervention, in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital outpati...

ABSTRACT: Background: Proper drug prescribing can contribute immensely to reducing overall morbidity, mortality, and cost of pharmacotherapy, particularly in the management of heart disease. Currently, no studies have been implemented on the appropriateness of cardiologist prescribing among hospitalized pediatric patients in Palestine. This study a...

Clinical pharmacists are in a suitable position to improve medications adherence for chronic diseases, including heart failure (HF). This study aimed to identify if the structured educational intervention by the clinical pharmacist can improve adherence to HF medications in a specialized HF clinic. Methods: A quasi-interventional study was implemen...

Background: Discovery and resolution of drug-related problems (DRPs) are taken as the cornerstone in the entire pharmaceutical care process to improve patient outcomes. Very limited reports on the analysis of DRPs in pediatric cardiology have been released worldwide. Objective: The aim of this study was to disclose the impact of clinical pharmac...

Purpose: Interprofessional collaboration between physicians and clinical pharmacists has been shown to improve patients' outcome by reduce medical errors, costs and patient adherence. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the medical doctors' perceptions, expectations, experiences, and perceived barriers regarding clinical pharmacists...

Background Despite the presence of COVID-19 epidemiologic data in Africa, there are gaps in the understanding of healthcare workers’ concerns and fears early in the pandemic. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional multi-country pan-African qualitative survey case study on the perceived effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in the...

Asthma is a heterogeneous disorder associated with chronic airway inflammation, its prevalence is increasing globally and more prevalent in developed countries. This study aimed to determine the level of asthma control at Wad Medani Teaching Hospital Outpatient Clinic. A cross-sectional study was performed in 130 adult asthmatics in Wad Medani Teac...

To date, very limited data are available on clinical pharmacist's services in pediatric cardiology. The aim of this review was to assess "drug-related problems" (DRPs) and patient outcomes during the involvement of the clinical pharmacist in the pediatric cardiology ward. Studies published between January 2000 and November 2021 were searched across...

Despite the awareness of doctors about the significance of obtaining a comprehensive medication history for patients, they often neglect this in their practice, resulting in an incomplete patient medication list. The study aimed to investigate the role of communication skills as a crucial part of optimal pharmacotherapy. An observational, cross-sec...

Background: In‑home medication storage and use in Saudi Arabia seem to be common by consuming medicines that liberally dispensed in community pharmacies as well as freely taken without medical advice at homes level. Objective: The prime objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of stored medicines especially antibiotics, the stor...

Background: Medications known to improve outcomes in heart failure (HF) are either not prescribed or prescribed at sub-therapeutic doses. The addition of clinical pharmacists to the HF team positively impacts optimizing prognostic medications for a patient with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Objective: To assess the intervention of the...

Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the Arabic version of General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) in Sudanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A 3-month cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with T2DM at Al-Daraja Health Center, located in Wad Medani, Sudan. A convenient sample of patients was s...

Resistance to commonly-prescribed antibiotics is a global public health problem. Unfortunately resistance has been reported even to newer, potent and expensive antimicrobial agents thus, it necessary to find alternative treatment, such as medicinal plants either alone or in combination with antibiotics due to their fewer reported side effects moreo...

As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads across Africa, little is known about the impact of the pandemic on health-care workers (HCWs) in the region. We designed an anonymous survey distributed via e-mail and phone messaging to 13 countries through the African Hepatitis B Network. We obtained 489 analyzable responses. We used risk ratio analy...

COVID-19 is now impacting every country in Africa and healthcare workers (HCWs) across the continent remain susceptible to professional burnout. We designed a 43-question survey addressing multiple aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was anonymous, distributed via email and phone messaging to 13 countries in Africa. We obtained 489 analyza...

Background: Most community and hospital acquired infections are due to Staphylococcus aureus, these infections involve both local suppurative and systemic conditions. There is an increase in the incidence rates of acquiring resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals and community in Sudan. This study aims to detect frequency of Staphyl...

Abstract. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination patterns and the understanding of its risks among healthcare workers (HCWs) is a critical step to decrease transmission. However, the depth of this understanding is understudied. We distributed surveys to HCWs in 12 countries in Africa. Surveys had nine multiple-choice questions that assessed HCWs’ awar...

Objective: The objective of the present study was primarily to identify the sources and types of bacterial contamination associated with hospital-acquired infections in the intensive care unit and to investigate the sensitivity pattern of isolated bacteria to prescribed antibiotics of Wad Medani Emergency Hospital, Gezira State, Sudan. Methods: A t...

Control of blood pressure (BP) remains a worldwide major challenge for health authorities as well as in Saudi Arabia. Innovative interventions, as pharmaceutical care, to improve BP control are therefore needed. Objectives of this study were to provide pharmaceutical care intervention to Saudi hypertensive patients in outpatient cardiology clinic i...

This chapter introduces the concept of adequate pharmaceutical service, ideally provided by pharmacists, as a vital component of the health care system in Sudan. The chapter starts with a comprehensive description of Sudan's health care system in general and different aspects related to pharmacy practice specifically. In emphasizing aspects related...

Parents’ false beliefs about signs and symptoms associated with teething have been documented in many studies around the world. This study was conducted to assess parental knowledge on infant teething process and to investigate parents’ practices used to alleviate teething disturbances. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among parents of childr...

Background: Adherence to medication among patients on hemodialysis is an important issue for the delivery of optimum health care. Objectives: This study was conducted to measure the prevalence and to identify predictors of patients' non-adherence to drug therapy among patients on hemodialysis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the K...

Self-medication with antibiotics is a global health problem and it leads to the emergence of resistant bacteria. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and to identify its determinants and to investigate consumers practices during self-medication. A cross-sectional population-based survey was carried...

Self-medication with antibiotics is a global health problem and it leads to the emergence of resistant bacteria. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and to identify its determinants and to investigate consumers practices during self-medication. A cross-sectional population-based survey was carried...

Prospective randomized controlled interventional (pre and post) clinical trial aimed to examine impact of pharmacist’s interventions (during 1 year follow-up) on diabetes clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes in Nyala City, Sudan. Three hundred patients (200 intervention and 100 control groups) with type 2 diabetes were clinically eval...

Background: Non-adherence to self-care practices and medications represents a challenge to the control of diabetes. This study main aim was to measure patients' knowledge of diabetes and its management and to identify the influence of knowledge on the level of adherence to self-care practices and medications. Methods: A cross-sectional study was co...

The objective was to assess the pregnant women’s awareness and perception about medicines’ uses during pregnancy. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Pretested questionnaire was randomly distributed in Wad-Medani City, Gezira State, Sudan. The majority (87.6%) of participants tend to visit their doctors regularly, while (15.2%) never use medicin...

The objective of this study was the assessment of the readability, understandability, informational contents' conformity and the ultimate usefulness of medication package inserts to Sudanese patients. Two equal sets of thirty one (n=31) package inserts, for same generic names, of European and developing countries produce, were compared using seven...

Objective: The study's main objective was the development of a model (intervention) medication package insert useful to patients. Methods: A control package insert which was randomly selected, was for a registered chlorpheneramine maleate tablets local brand, the experimental (intervention) one, for the same generic name, was articulately developed...

Objective: was to measure diabetic patients’ knowledge about type 2 diabetes, its complications and to identify their beliefs regarding its predisposing factors, together with identifying their practices on aspects related to self-care management. Methods: Cross–sectional survey was conducted. Convenient method of sampling was adopted. The study in...

This study which was the first of its kind in Sudan, started on May 2005, completed on May 2007 and was approved July 2007, by the Graduate Studies Committee, University of Gezira. Its main objective was to elicit the knowledge, attitude and practice of the Sudanese hospital and community pharmacists on the impact of pharmaceutical industries' vari...

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during April 2013 among Saudi nursing mothers in Taif Region; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Data was collected by trained pharmacy female students through face-to-face interview method using structured questionnaire. Mothers’ attitudes towards breastfeeding were assessed by The Iowa Infant Feeding At...

Objective: The main aim of this prospective study was to identify the influence of introduction of a new protocol for antibiotic prophylaxis in general surgery on prescribing patterns. in the General Surgery Department of Khartoum Teaching Hospital, Sudan. All patients, ages >18 years, admitted for elective surgery were recruited consecutively. Pre...

Background: Parents' knowledge and attitudes towards immunization are likely influence uptake. The objective of this study was to assess parental knowledge, and attitudes on childhood immunization among Saudi parents. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during April 2013 in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Convenient method of sampling was adopted....

Background: Parents’ knowledge and attitudes towards immunization are likely influence uptake. The objective of this study was to assess parental knowledge, and attitudes on childhood immunization among Saudi parents. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during April 2013 in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Convenient method of sampling was adopted....

Objective: The study was to determine the Sudanese pharmacy students′ opinions and to measure their satisfaction about education instructions and to reveal their impact on the future carrier. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted by using pretested self-administered questionnaire among final year pharmacy students in Sudan. Res...

Introduction: Surgical site infections account for 14%-25% of all nosocomial infections. The main aims of this study were to audit the use of prophylactic antibiotic, to quantify the rate of post-operative wound infection, and to identify risk factors for its occurrence in general surgery. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the G...

Aim/Background The methods of instruction in pharmacy education are crucial and meant to suit the professional development and encompass the advanced variety of services and functions provided by the pharmacists to serve individual patients. The aim of this study was to determine the students’ opinions on the adopted and preferred methods of instru...

Surveillance of wound infections has been shown to be a powerful preventive tool, and feedback to the clinical staff reduces wound infection rates. The main objectives of this study were to identify the applicability of telephone calls as a method of post-discharge wound infection surveillance, and to identify patients and procedures characteristic...

The current study was aimed to assess Saudi school students’ knowledge, attitude and practice about medicines. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used anonymously among 15–20 year-old adolescents attending tertiary schools in Taif City, KSA. A total of 1022 students completed the questionnaires. Only 15.4% of the respondents knew the m...

Aims: Prospective pharmacist’s interventions aimed to improve patient’s knowledge and behaviors to adhere to medi-cations in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without cardiovascular medical conditions in primary health care (PHCs) centers in Nyala city, south Darfur state-Sudan. Methodology and materials: 300 patients were enrolled for assessin...

Objective: The objective was to elicit the opinions of Sudanese practicing pharmacists about the skills acquired during their basic degree study period. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted during the period of May to August 2010 in Khartoum and Gezira states. A convenient random method of sampling was used. Results: Overall 495 pharmaci...

Abstract Surgical site infections are the second most common cause of hospital acquired infections. The objectives of this study were to quantify the rate of wound infection and to identify risk factors associated for its prevalence among patients admitted for elective surgery in Khartoum Teaching Hospital in Sudan. A prospective study was conducte...

ABSTRACT: Background: Although a wide variety of recognized pathogens causes community-acquired pneumonia, the precise epidemiology of childhood pneumonia remains poorly defined. The physicians rely mainly on the patient's history and physical examination "clinical diagnosis", and the bacteriological test is rare. For this reasons many developed an...

Aim: This study was designed to test the Sudanese parents' knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) toward self medicating their children. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out by using a pretested questionnaire. Non probability convenient sampling method was used to select the participants. The total sample size was 1000 paren...

Background: Antibiotic prophylaxis is effective at reducing the risk of postoperative infection for nearly all types of surgery. Objective To audit the use of prophylactic antibiotics for elective surgery. Setting: Khartoum Teaching Hospital, Sudan, a 1,000 bed tertiary level hospital. Method: A prospective study was conducted over a 9 month p...

Pharmaceutical representatives are an important promotional tool for pharmaceutical companies. This cross-sectional, exploratory study aimed to determine pharmaceutical representatives' beliefs and practices about their professional practice in Sudan. A random sample of 160 pharmaceutical representatives were interviewed using a pretested questionn...

This study was set out to assess health care providers' knowledge, attitude and practice towards hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). A cross sectional study was carried out, in four public hospitals in Wad Medani, Sudan. Anonymous pre-tested questionnaire was completed by 295 different health care providers. The response rate was 100%. The study rev...

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major problem in many countries. Despite the development of its powerful regimen, the treatment of tuberculosis continues to be a problematic. The Objective of this study to identify the effects of anti tubercolous drugs on renal and liver functions' tests in a Sudanese Cohort, and to evaluate the adopted monit...

The quality requirements of drug donation are different from those of other donated items. Purpose: To describe and assess key aspects of pharmaceutical donations in Sudan, the kinds of benefits and drawbacks associated with drug donations , and the government controlling role in the donation process. Methods: Retrospective and prospective studies...

Objective: Thousands of millions of injections are unsafely administered and disposed every year in developing countries, which may pose hazardous consequences to the environment as well as public. The prime objective of this study was to determine the perception and attitudes of the Sudanese patients about safe use and disposal of injections. Mate...