Mirela Tulik

• Warsaw University of Life Sciences

The evolution of the vascular system has led to the formation of conducting and supporting elements and those that are involved in the mechanisms of storage and defense against the influence of biotic and abiotic factors. In the case of the latter, the general evolutionary trend was probably related to a change in their arrangement, i.e. from cells...

https://abcbot.pl/pdf/accepted/2022-02-accepted-03.pdf

Wood technology is constantly looking for environmentally friendly technological solutions. It seems that nanotechnology can provide green and environmentally friendly alternatives for wood protection. In this study, the antifungal activity of silver and copper nanoparticles against the white rot fungus Fomes fomentarius was investigated under in v...

Tree provenance trials are believed to be a valuable tool for assessing the adaptive potential of a population to a changing environment and ultimately for predicting the populations that are best adapted to global warming. Here, the phenotypic plasticity of morphometric traits of needles and lateral shoots of pines growing in a provenance plot in...

Main conclusion In Dracaena draco trunks, the primary and secondary xylem conduits co-function. Both are resistant to embolism; however, secondary conduits are mainly involved in mechanical support. Abstract Monocotyledonous dragon trees (Dracaena spp., Asparagaceae) possess in their trunks both primary and secondary xylem elements, organized into...

The analysis of population variability usually concerns the adaptability of trees to changing climatic conditions and their timber production possibilities. It is already known that several phenotypic and genotypic features determine the adaptation possibilities of a population and every population of a given species may have different adaptability...

The analysis of population variability usually concerns the adaptability of trees to changing climatic conditions and their timber production possibilities. It is already known that several phenotypic and genotypic features determine the adaptation possibilities of a population and every population of a given species may have different adaptability...

The purpose of this study was to better understand the interactive impact of two soil-borne pathogens, Phytophthora cactorum and Armillaria gallica, on seedlings of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) subjected to stress caused by mechanical defoliation, simulating primary insect feeding. This is the first experimental confirmation of silver birch...

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a widespread species throughout Europe and at the same time is dominant in Polish forests and of key importance in the wood industry. Pine stands are subjected to numerous environmental stresses, and one of them is the different physico-chemical and biological properties of post-agricultural soils compared to for...

The aim of this study was to use diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) non-thermal plasma for the disinfection of pine seed surfaces infected with Fusarium oxysporum spores. Artificially infected seeds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were treated with plasma for the following exposure times: 1 s, 3 s, 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 20 s, 30 s, a...

The purpose of this study was to better understand the interactive impact of two soil-borne pathogens, Phytophthora cactorum (as the primary pathogen) and Armillaria gallica (as secondary), on two-year-old seedlings of silver birch (Betula pendula) subjected to stress caused by mechanical defoliation simulating primary insect feeding. One year afte...

This paper reviews the literature on heartwood and its formation process. The factors involved in the process of heartwood formation are described, with particular attention paid to molecular, intercellular, organismal and environmental ones. The spatial distribution of heartwood along longitudinal and radial axes of the stem as well as biochemical...

The dragon tree, Dracaena draco, is a vulnerable species. In response to stress it forms aerial roots (AR). Although the exact function of these AR is unknown, it has been the subject of speculation on the basis of morphological observations. This study aims to investigate the structural organization of the D. draco AR compared to the background of...

Since the 1990s, a decline of riparian black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.) has been observed over Europe. The fungus-like eukaryotic pathogen Phytophthora alni subsp. alni is thought to be a causal agent of this process; however, abiotic factors may also be involved. Previous studies suggest that climate conditions and, especially, depletion of g...

The development of woody plants is related to the continuity of the procambium and cambium. Whether such a continuity is present in plants with successive cambia, especially in those, where the first cambium is formed outside the primary vascular bundles, has not been analyzed so far. Therefore, we studied the development of vascular meristem in Ce...

This paper deals with the spatial distribution of heartwood in Scots pine stems (Pinus sylvestris L.), determined on the basis of the absence of nuclei in parenchyma cells. Samples were collected at several heights from two Scots pine stems growing in fresh coniferous stand as codominant trees. Transverse and radial sections were cut from the sampl...

Oak stands represent valuable forest complexes in Europe, both from an economic and ecosystem point of view. The Krotoszyn forests are one of the largest forest complexes in Poland. Twenty years ago, it was believed that damage to small tree roots resulted in only one species of the Phytophthora genus, but now 17 species are known to be pathogenic....

The interactions among silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings growing in soil containing pathogen (Phytophthora plurivora T. Jung & TI Burgess) and with the presence of its natural antagonists: Bacillus subtilis Cohn and Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckf. & Nirenberg were investigated in the control conditions of the greenhouse. The hypo...

Interactions between silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and plants pathogens were studied. Oomycetes, as primary pathogens, damage the small roots of trees, and consequently facilitate infections by secondary pathogens, like Armillaria gallica Marxm. & Romagn. It has been assumed that defoliations caused by insects may predispose birches to the inf...

Phytophthora pathogens cannot be controlled with well−known fungicides, because as oomycetes they do not synthesize chitin and ergosterol. Phytopathogenic microorganisms of Phytophthora genus offers an alternative to pesticides. The aim of the study was to understand the interactions among the host silver birch (Betula pendula), a common forest tre...

The main purpose of this investigation was to describe the spatial arrangement of shoot tissues, as seen in transverse section, and allometric relationships in two contrasting species of Polygonatum i.e., Polygonatum odoratum which commonly grows in mixed pine-oak forest with shoots rectangular in shape, and Polygonatum multiflorum found in oak-hor...

We tested the hypothesis that the biometrical characters of wood elements in ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior L.) become modified in response to the progression of disease caused by Chalara fraxinea. Anatomical analyses were performed on wood samples collected at breast height from the trunks of groups of ash trees which contained healthy, weakened an...

The paper analyses biometrical and anatomical traits of wood in a leaning stem of pine trees. For study purpose, five pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) with a visibly leaning stem were chosen. Wood samples were taken at three different stem heights, that is, below the stem curvature, at the curvature and above the curvature. Microscopic specimens we...

Pathogen diseases are increasingly threatening forest trees under the current climate change, causing a remarkable decrease in the stability of forest ecosystems. Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) dieback due to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus has been noted in Poland since 1992 and has spread over many European countries. The aim of this study was to test the h...

The trade-off in case of water transport is captured in ecological theory by the safety vs. efficiency concept. As the efficiency of transport of water depends mainly on the dimensions of the conductive elements in wood, this paper presents the survey on some methods that allow to quantify the tracheids and vessels attributes including their diamet...

Dragon’s blood is the name given to a red exudate produced by some plant species belonging to the genera Daemonorops, Dracaena, Croton and Pterocarpus. These are endemic to various parts of the globe. It is classified as a resin or latex depending on its mode of secretion and its chemical composition, which is species specific. This red substance f...

The paper describes the different types of cell death during the process of wood cell formation and terminological variety found in the literature concerned. The cell death referred to as programmed cell death (PCD), is genetically controlled and fundamental for the correct function of the whole organism of woody plants. The wood is mainly composed...

This review highlights key historical works and the recent research on the monocot lateral meristems. It discusses the terminological issues (elucidating the terminological inconsistency found in the literature concerned), origination of secondary meristems, their morphology and characteristic features of the derivative tissues. Also the monocot ca...

The monocot tree Dracaena draco L. is famous for the production of a red resin referred to as dragon's blood. This resin has been used in traditional medicine since ancient times by many cultures. Dragon's blood chemistry is well desribed, however, the data concerning its secretion and distribution following injury is still fragmentary, although it...

Oaks' decline in vitality is attributed to a complex process that involves interactions of several factors leading to increased trees' mortality. This study investigates the structure of trunk wood of oaks with reference to its physiological role in hydraulic conductivity. On the basis of the crown condition, the oaks were classified into three hea...

This paper reviews the structure and formation of periderm and rhytidome in organs both of coniferous and broadleaves trees, in respect to their protective role. The periderm, which is composed of three tissues such as meristematic phellogen giving rise to suberized phellem at the outer side and phelloderm at the inner side. In older organs peridem...

The monocotyledonous plant Dracaena draco L. belongs to so called dragon blood trees producing deep red resin (dragon’s blood) that has been used as a famous traditional medicine since ancient times by many cultures. Although resin’s chemistry and its diverse medical application have received much attention, our knowledge of the anatomical basis of...

Vascular cambium is a meristematic tissue which produces wood centriphugaly and phloem centripetaly. In the structure of wood and phloem, data concerning developmental processes taking place in the cambium is recorded. The history of the cambium is encoded in the dimensions, numbers and arrangements of the wood and phloem cells. For investigations,...

Drzewa leśne rosnące w warunkach gruntów porolnych poddawane są licznym stresom środowiskowym, których źródłem są między innymi odmienne właściwości fizyko-chemiczne i biologiczne gleb porolnych. Postawiono zatem hipotezę, iż proces tworzenia się drewna u sosen wyrosłych na gruntach porolnych przebiega w warunkach stresu środowiskowego co doprowadz...

Tulik M., Jura−Morawiec J. 2011. Drewno reakcyjne a architektura korony drzewa. Sylwan 155 (12): 808− −815. The structure of reaction wood, both compression in coniferous and tension in dicotyledonous trees is described. The mechanism of reaction wood formation and its deposition in main stem and lateral branches in respect to tree crown architectu...

This report describes the natural figures of wood samples collected from the main trunks of Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. and Millettia laurentii De Wild, trees. The figures have been analyzed in relation to such cambial growth events as the oriented cellular phenomena in the meristem and the changes taking place during wood cell differentiation.

Jura−Morawiec J., Tulik M. 2010. Budowa pni drzew jednoliściennych. Sylwan 154 (11): 755−763. This paper describes process of secondary stem growth in monocotyledonous trees realized by anomalous cambium or diffuse secondary growth. The anatomical structure of stem wood and external covering tissues are also described. ABSTRACT Budowa pni drzew jed...

• The aim of this work was to examine the anatomy and functioning of secondary xylem in stems in relation to the decline of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.). • We tested the hypothesis that declining trees show changes in the structure of wood, which result in impaired water transport. • Anatomical analyses were carried out on wood samples (com...

The paper describes ash decline process that has been observed for over 10 years in Europe and North America. Effect of both biotic and abiotic factors is discussed. Also, the vessel lumen reduction in wood is described as a possible factor responsible for declining of ash trees.

This paper describes intrusive growth that occurs during cells differentiation in woody plants. It is also appeared during development of vascular cambium. The cases of intrusive growth are observed during growth of the tips of the cambial cells initials, elongation of fibers, sclereids and laticifers as well as tyloses formation. However, during i...

The secondary cell wall structure of tracheids of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), especially the angle of microfibrils in the S(2) layer, was examined in wood deposited prior to and after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Microscopic analysis was carried out on wood samples collected in October 1997 from breast height of three pine trees 16, 30 and...

Wood samples collected from pines grew in excluded zones around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant were investigated. It was studied whether the anatomical changes in wood structure due to irradiation might have been influenced on mechanical and physical properties of investigated wood. At microscopic level one can observe changes in the structure o...

Studies were carried out on wood samples collected in October 1997 from breast height of Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) from site located 5 km south from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The radioactive contamination at the site was 3.7×105 kBq m−2. These samples of secondary wood were used as an archive of information about the dynamics of...