Mir Azam Khan

Azithromycin traditional formulations possesses poor oral bioavailability which necessitates development of new formulation with enhanced bioavailability of the drug. The objective of current research was to explore the kinetics and safety profile of the newly developed azithromycin lipid-based nanoformulation (AZM-NF). In the in-vitro study of kin...

Purpose: To evaluate the prescription pattern and utilization of drugs used by glaucoma patients with comorbidities including hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2. Methods: This study was conducted at Al-Shifa trust eye hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan from April 2021 to October 2021. Data regarding patient demographics, disease profile, medicati...

Aims We wanted to isolate bioactive compound from RW and evaluate for possible radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatotoxic activity Background Rosa webbiana (RW) Wall Ex. Royle is used in traditional medicine in Pakistan for the treatment of several diseases including jaundice. To date, only neuroprotective potential of the plant ha...

Objectives To evaluate the inhibitory effects of different concentrations of α-methyl-DL-tyrosine on latanoprost-induced iridal hyperpigmentation in rabbits. Methods We investigated 4 groups of rabbits. Both eyes of the pink, red, and blue groups were treated with latanoprost followed by 0.5%, 1%, and 2% α-methyl-DL-tyrosine (inhibitor) in the rig...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in glaucoma prescriptions during a single visit in real-world situation at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Glaucoma Department of Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from September 1st, 2015 to February 29th, 2016 a...

ECTIVE: To determine the changes in glaucoma prescriptions during a single visit in real-world situation at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Glaucoma Department of Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from September 1st, 2015 to February 29th, 2016 afte...

Background and Objective: Glaucoma management has a very strong impact on society, especially in terms of morbidity, consultations and medical costs because glaucoma patients need to continue using medication throughout their lives. The study aimed to estimate the pattern of socioeconomic status and prescription burden of antiglaucoma drugs in glau...

It can be stated that a significant variation was found in drops/ml, drops/5ml, total number of bottles required and monthly or yearly cost of medication. This variation was not only significant between multinational and national brands but it was also significant amongst national brands. There was also a strong correlation with drops per ml/5ml wi...

Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew is in folk use in Pakistan as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and liver ailments. Therefore, we have investigated antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities of the isolated compounds (ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid) from the chloroform fraction of Z. oxyphylla. Ceanothic acid and...

The tumor-specific targeting of chemotherapeutic agents for specific necrosis of cancer cells without affecting the normal cells poses a great challenge for researchers and scientists. Though extensive research has been carried out to investigate chemotherapy-based targeted drug delivery, the identification of the most promising strategy capable of...

Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew (ZO) has been traditionally used for the treatment of hepatic diseases in Pakistan. The current study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness and mechanism underlying hepatoprotective effect of ZO. Hepatoprotective potential of root extracts (crude methanolic extract and subsequent fractions) was investigated again...

Current study resolved poor oral bioavailability issues of cefixime through fabrication of freeze dried binary solid lipid nano particles (SLNs). Nano formulation fabricated via hot melt encapsula-tion method was optimized using numerous formulation variables. Optimized nano formulation (CFX-4) was subjected to in vitro characterization along with...

Portulacca oleracea L. has been used for treatment of different ailments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and possible mechanism of action involved in the anti gastric ulcerogenic effect of Portulacca oleracea. Methanolic extract & subsequent fractions (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of Portulacca oleracea (P. oleracea) were adm...

Atorvastatin is an extensively used lipid lowering agent. But the vital issue associated with it is low oral bioavailability (12%) owing to poor aqueous solubility. To overcome this tribulation, binary solid lipid nano suspension of Atorvastatin (ATO) was formulated by solvent diffusion method. The combination of stearic acid and oleic acid was uti...

several toxic compounds are known to induce apoptosis in mammalian cell lines. The human neuroblastoma cells (sh-sY5Y) were exposed to the phosphatase inhibiting toxin okadaic acid (OA) or hydrogen peroxide (h2O2) to induce apoptosis as well as generate reactive oxygen species (ROs). mitoxantrone (mXT) was used as a positive control for apoptosis....

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle (peony) is an important member of family Paeoniaceae. Different parts of the plant have been folklorically used for treatment of different diseases. Infusion of dried flowers is used to treat diarrhea, the seeds are emetic and cathartic while the rhizome has been indicated for the treatme...

This study aimed to explore synergistic binding potential of Prunus armeniaca (PAG) and Prunus domestica (PDG) gums with comparison to PVP K30 in tablets formulations. Acute and sub-acute effects of gums on organs showed no significant difference as compared to controls. Histopathological sections of the liver and kidney of a high dose (1000 mg/kg...

Aminoglycosides are the commonly used antibiotics against Gram negative bacteria. Their clinical applications are limited due to nephrotoxic side effects. Therefore, the current study was undertaken in an attempt to increase the use of these drugs without causing nephrotoxicity by exploring the nephroprotective effects of a medicinal plant with hig...

Famotidine as H2 receptor antagonist effects gastric secretion. Unfortunately, its hydrophobic nature contributes to its variable and poor oral bioavailability. In the current study efforts are being made to fabricate famotidine loaded solid lipid nanoparticles with narrow size distribution. Prepared nano-formulations were pharmaceutically evaluate...

Niclosamide (NCS) is an oral anthelminthic drug having low solubility and hence low bioavailability. Current investigation shows an approach to fabricate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of NCS and evaluated for pharmaceutical, in vitro and in vivo characterization. NFM-3 showed particle size 204.2 ± 2.2 nm, polydispersity index 0.328 ± 0.02 and ze...

This study was aimed to enhance the dissolution rate, oral bioavailability and analgesic potential of the aceclofenac (AC) in the form of nanosuspension using cost-effective simple precipitation–ultrasonication approach. The nanocrystals were produced using the optimum conditions investigated for AC. The minimum particle size (PS) and polydispersit...

Background Viola canescens Wall. ex. Roxb. exhibits analgesic, antimalarial and antispasmodic activities. It is used folklorically for the treatment of liver diseases, hypertension, malaria and cancer. The current study investigates phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of solvent extracts of whole plant of Viola can...

Polygonum hydropiper is used as anti-cancer and anti-rheumatic agent in folk medicine. This study was designed to investigate the anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor, and cytotoxic potentials of different solvent extracts and isolated saponins. Samples were analyzed using GC, Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify major and bioactive comp...

The aim of this study was to evaluate binding potential of Mulva neglecta mucilage (MNM) with subsequent comparison to PVP K30. Eight batches of Diclofenac sodium tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique keeping different concentrations (4, 6, 8 & 10% w/w) of Mulva neglecta mucilage (extracted from leaves of Mulva neglecta) and PVP K30 as...

Nanotechnology approaches can be considered as an assortment of tools and ideas which can be applied in Pharma industry. Application of nanotechnology approaches in pharmaceutical Research & Development is likely to result in moving the industry from ‘blockbuster drug’ model to ‘personalized medicine’. There are convincing applications in pharmaceu...

Cholinesterase inhibition is a vital target for the development of novel and mechanism based inhibitors, owing to their role in the breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter to treat various neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Similarly, free radicals are implicated in the progression of various diseases like neurodeg...

Morus alba L. (Moraceae) is traditionally used for the treatment of urinary incontinency due its strong diuretic properties. The present study explores the renal protective effects of M. alba, due to its free radical scavenging properties, in order to provide experimental evidence for its established use. Ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg/d) derived fro...

The current study was undertaken to compare the binding potential of Prunus armeniaca L. and Prunus domestica L. gums in tablets' formulations. Tablet batches (F-1 to F-9) were prepared Diclofenac sodium as model drug using 5%, 7.5% and 10% of each Prunus armeniaca L., Prunus domestica L. gums as binder. PVP K30 was used as a standard binder. Magne...

Citrus aurantium is traditionally used in various kidney problems like burning of urine, urinary hesitancy and renal colic. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the protective role of Citrus aurantium against gentamicin induced renal damage, due to its free radical scavenging properties to present experimental facts for their trad...

Free radical generation has a strong role in the pathogenesis of renal damage associated with the use of gentamicin. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the renoprotective effect of Mentha piperita against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 24 male rabbits were divided into 4 groups receiving normal saline, gentamici...

To evaluate binding potential of Prunus domestica gum in tablets formulations. Six tablet batches (F-1B to F-6B) were prepared by wet granulation method, containing Avicel pH 101 as diluent, sodium diclofenac as model drug using 10, 15 and 20 mg of Prunus domestica gum as binder and PVP K30 was used as standard binder. Magnesium stearate was used a...

Abstract Context: Gentamicin is an antibiotic that is effective against Gram-negative microorganisms. However, its clinical applications are often limited due to nephrotoxic effects. Objective: This study investigated the protective effects of aqueous-ethanol extract of Tamarindus indica L. (Leguminosae) fruits against gentamicin-induced renal toxi...

Hydrophilic matrix based tablets using different concentration of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Methocel K 4 M) and treated sunflower stem residues were developed by using wet granulation technique for Diclofenac Sodium (DS) (100mg). Different formulations were prepared and evaluated for the release of DS over a period of 10 hours in phosphate buff...

Cinnamomum zeylanicum is traditionally used for the treatment of bladder and kidney problems; believed to have kidney tonic effects. The prime objective of the current study was to explore the nephroprotective effects of the plant due to its strong antioxidant properties, to provide experimental facts for their traditional use. Daily dose of 200 mg...

Gentamicin is a potent antibiotic, effective against Gram negative bacteria. The most common adverse effect of gentamicin is nephrotoxicity. Present study was aimed to explore the protective potentials of Citrullus colocynthis against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity due to its strong antioxidant properties. Toxic doses of gentamicin (80 mg/kg/day...

Purpose: To investigate the reno-protective properties of Cinnamomum tamala against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Methods: Rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6) including Group-1 (normal saline), Group-2 (gentamicin, 80 mg/kg/day), Group-3 (C. tamala, 200 mg/kg/day) and Group-4 (gentamicin, 80 mg/kg/day and C. tamal...

The aqueous and ethanolic extracts derived from cigarettes (Morven Gold) were screened for chemicals, spasmogenic and spasmolytic activities. Aqueous extract showed strong relaxant activity that is, 92% against KCl induced contractions while ethanolic extract was found to be moderately spasmolytic (70%). Ethanolic extract was also found to have a s...

This study presents activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse (SB) as adsorbent of drugs (Levofloxacin, Hydrochlorothiazide and Paracetamol). Effect of different variables (contact time, initial drug concentration and dose of adsorbent) was studied at acidic pH. SB was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical treatments resulted...

This study presents activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse (SB) as adsorbent of drugs (Levofloxacin, Hydrochlorothiazide and Paracetamol). Effect of different variables (contact time, initial drug concentration and dose of adsorbent) was studied at acidic pH. SB was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical treatments resulted...

This study presents activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse (SB) as adsorbent of drugs (Levofloxacin, Hydrochlorothiazide and Paracetamol). Effect of different variables (contact time, initial drug concentration and dose of adsorbent) was studied at acidic pH. SB was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical treatments resulted...

This study presents activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse (SB) as adsorbent of drugs (Levofloxacin, Hydrochlorothiazide and Paracetamol). Effect of different variables (contact time, initial drug concentration and dose of adsorbent) was studied at acidic pH. SB was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical treatments resulted...

A total of 50 blood samples were collected from auto rickshaw drivers who were exposed to environmental gasoline in different sites of Dir (L), Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in July and August, 2009. Control group was selected among the individuals who were not regularly exposed to gasoline emissions. The samples were analyzed for calcium, choleste...

This study presents activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse (SB) as adsorbent of drugs (Levofloxacin, Hydrochlorothiazide and Paracetamol). Effect of different variables (contact time, initial drug concentration and dose of adsorbent) was studied at acidic pH. SB was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical treatments resulted...

The plant gums obtained from Prunus armeniaca and Prunus domestica (Family Rosaceae) were studied for their sustained release potential in comparison with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), a semi-synthetic matrix polymer, using diclofenac sodium. Matrix tablets of diclofenac sodium were prepared using different ratios of gum alone and in combi...

Objective: To confirm the safety and efficacy of the product for human health due to its wide use and to explore its effects on CNS. Study Design: Experimental and observational Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Frontier medical college Abbottabad Pakistan in March 2011. Materials and Methods: Thirty rabbits divided into five...

The fruit of Rubus coreanus (Rosaceae) is traditionally used as an aphrodisiac, astringent, restorative and tonic in Asian countries. It is advised for treating diseases related to liver, kidney and urinary dysfunction, premature greying, blurred vision, infertility, impotence and premature ejaculation. Additionally, there is a long history of diff...

The ethanolic extracts derived from cigarettes (Morven gold and Tander virginia) were screened for chemicals, spasmogenic and spasmolytic activities. M. gold extract showed a strong relaxant activity that is 70% against KCl induced contractions while T. virginia was found to have a mild spasmolytic activity of (06%). Furthermore, a moderate spasmog...

The aqueous and ethanolic extract derived from the leaves of white flowered plant of Mirabilis jalapa L. were screened for antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae and Bacillus subtilis. Aqueous extracts did not display any inhibition to the tested bacteria. However, all the ethanol...

Camellia sinensis (Green tea) as a hot decoction is widely used throughout the Asia. Therefore to find out their effects on all the body functions are the need of hour, to recommend its safe use. In the current study the effect of Camellia sinensis on human (male and females) heart rate has been studied, by giving one cup of hot decoction of green...

Ginseng has been used as a folk medicine in Far East Asian countries for several thousand years. Recently, its use has also expanded to Western countries. A number of studies provide evidence for its various pharmacological properties, including antifertility, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiulcer and neuropro-t...

Far East Asian countries for several thousand years. Recently, its use has also expanded to Western countries. A number of studies provide evidence for its various pharmacological properties, including antifertility, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiulcer and neuropro-tective effects. Ginseng and its constituents...

In this work a new spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of vitamin B(1), based on the catalytic activity of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), has been developed. Non-fluorescent vitamin B(1) was easily converted through catalytic oxidation in alkaline medium into a fluorescent compound, even witho...

A fiber optic pH sensor has been fabricated using 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol entrapped in an ammonia catalyzed silica sol-gel film coated on glass substrate by dip-coating. The sensor was fixed at the end of an optical fiber. The sensor showed pH sensitivity when dipped into liquids of different pH. Linear and reproducible responses were obtained...

A simple and selective method to determine norfloxacin using an optical flow-through sensor has been developed. The present sensor was prepared by packing anionic ion exchange resin in a glass tube, followed by introducing KMnO(4) solution to the glass tube for immobilization on resin. The optical sensor is based on the emission intensity from the...

A simple spectrophotometric assay for the quantification of lactulose in pharmaceutical preparations was developed. The method is based on hydrolysis of lactulose under acidic conditions. The hydrolyzed product reacts with resorcinol, giving absorption peaks at 398 and 480 nm. Both absorption wavelengths can be used for the determination of lactulo...

The ethanolic extract derived from the aerial parts of Paeonia emodi was screened for various in vitro biological activities including antifungal, antibacterial, insecticidal, phytotoxic and haemagglutination activities. General toxicity (brine shrimp lethality assay) of this extract has also been assessed. The extract was found to possess excellen...

A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of metoclopramide is described. The method is based upon simple diazotization reactions with nitrite and aniline as the coupling reagent. The absorbance was measured at 410 nm. The method was optimized for acidity, the amount of reagents required, and the amount of sodium hydroxide....

AbstractA simple and rapid spectrophotometric method has been investigated for the determination of furosemide. The method is based upon simple diazotization reaction. The absorbance was measured at 480 nm. The method is optimized for acidity, amount of reagents required and heating time. The range of linearity was 0.4–10 μg mL−1 of furosemide with...

The presence of lactulose in pahrmaceutical preparations, prepared by acid hydrolysis, was analyzed using spectrophotometry. It was observed that lactulose on reacting with sulfuric acid got hydrolyzed into fructose and galactose and produced a compound with absorbance in the ultraviolet (UV) region. It was observed that the recoveries of the stand...