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Introduction
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Publications (71)
Background: The attractive inflorescence of Chrysanthemum morifolium, its capitulum, is always composed of ray (female, zygomorphy) and disc (bisexual, actinomorphy) florets, but the formation mechanism remains elusive. The gene diversification pattern of the ECE (CYC/TB1) clade has been speculated to correlate with the capitulum. Within the three...
The chrysanthemum is a perennial herbaceous flower with a long history of cultivation dating back over 3000 years. The potted chrysanthemum is a significant type and is widely used in landscaping. Expensive substrate costs, complicated management of water and fertilizer, and uneven product quality currently plague the potted chrysanthemum industry....
The construction of urban green spaces is a pivotal aspect of sustainable urban development. As societal preferences evolve, a shift from visually oriented landscapes to multi-sensory landscapes has emerged. However, scant attention has been given to the olfactory dimension of urban green spaces. This study addresses this gap by investigating the r...
Lilies (Lilium spp.) are famous bulb flowers worldwide, with high ornamental value. Aphid damage has seriously constrained the development of the lily industry. In this study, the aphid resistance of 16 lily cultivars and 2 wild lily species was characterized in the field and greenhouse. Leaf color parameters, stomatal density and size, thickness o...
Lily is one of the most important cut flowers in the world, with a rich floral fragrance. To further explore the fragrance emission mechanisms of lily cultivars, headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and organic solvent extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (OSE-GC-MS) were used to unve...
Crossostephium chinense is a wild species with strong salt tolerance that has great potential to improve the salt tolerance of cultivated chrysanthemums. Conversely, the unique salt-tolerant molecular mechanisms of Cr. chinense are still unclear. This study performed a comparative physiological and transcriptome analysis of Cr. chinense, Chrysanthe...
Crossostephium chinense is a wild species with strong salt tolerance, which has great potential to improve the salt tolerance of cultivated chrysanthemums. Conversely, the unique salt-tolerant molecular mechanisms of Cr. chinense are still unclear. This study performed a comparative physiological and transcriptome analysis of Cr. chinense, Chrysant...
Titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum) is a rare and endangered plant in the world. It has a huge flower and releases a repulsive odor like a corpse. On the evening of 23 July 2022 (Beijing time), a titan arum in the north garden of the China National Botanical Garden in Beijing bloomed. In order to determine the components and contents of volatile co...
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) play irreplaceable roles in plant growth and development, especially in plant secondary metabolism. However, the functions of most bHLH TFs in Lilium ‘Siberia’ are still unknown, especially their roles in regulating floral fragrance. In this study, two bHLH TFs in lily, i.e., LibHLH22 and Li...
As one of the most destructive oligophagous pests, the chrysanthemum aphid (Macrosiphoniella sanborni) has seriously restricted the sustainable development of the chrysanthemum industry. Olfaction plays a critical role in the environmental perception of aphids, but very little is currently known about the chemosensory mechanism of M. sanborni. In t...
The chrysanthemum aphid Macrosiphoniella sanborni is one of the most severe crop pests for the cultivated chrysanthemum. It is urgent to find efficient and eco‑friendly control strategies to promote the chrysanthemum industry's sustainable development. In this study, an aromatic wild species Chrysanthemum aromaticum were introduced to hybrid with C...
Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium is a kind of medicinal plant with large industrial scale and widely cultivated in southern China. Chrysanthemum aphids (Macrosiphoniella sanborni) seriously restricted the development of C. lavandulifolium industry. In this study, in order to breed aphid resistant cultivars, we introduced a potential aphid resistant ge...
【Aim】This study aims to observe the morphological characteristics of different ages and wing types of Macrosiphoniella sanborni and the ultrastructure of its antennal sensilla so as to provide a reference for identification of different ages and a basis for study on the sensillal function and odour recognition mechanism of M. sanborni． 【Methods】The...
Background
Chrysanthemum morifolium is one of the most popular ornamental crops. The capitulum, which is the main ornamental part of chrysanthemum plants, consists of ligulate marginal ray florets, an attractive corolla (petals), and radially hermaphroditic disc florets, but no stamens. In Asteraceae species, the zygomorphic ray florets evolved fro...
Opisthopappus taihangensis (Ling) Shih, a wild relative germplasm of chrysanthemum, releases a completely different fragrance from chrysanthemum species. We aimed to identify the volatile compounds of the leaves of O. taihangensis and four other Chrysanthemum species using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass...
The complex capitulum of Chrysanthemum morifolium is often comprised of bilaterally symmetrical ray florets and radially symmetrical disc florets. The TCP transcription factor clade CYCLOIDEA2 (CYC2) appears to play a vital role in determining floral symmetry and in regulating floral organ development in Asteraceae. Our previous study identified si...
Lily, a famous cut flower with highly fragrance, has high ornamental and economic values. Monoterpenes are the main components contributing to its fragrance, and terpene synthase (TPS) genes play critical roles in the biosynthesis of monoterpenoids. To understand the function of TPS and to explore the molecular mechanism of floral scent in cultivar...
Opisthopappus taihangensis (Ling) Shih, as a relative of chrysanthemum, mainly survives on the cracks of steep slopes and cliffs. Due to the harsh environment in which O. taihangensis lives, it has evolved strong adaptive traits to drought stress. The root system first perceives soil water deficiency, triggering a multi-pronged response mechanism t...
The prostrate cultivars of ground-cover chrysanthemum have been used in landscape gardening due to their small stature, large crown width and strong branching ability. qRT-PCR is a rapid and powerful tool for gene expression analysis, while its accuracy highly depends on the stability of reference genes. The paucity of authentic reference genes pre...
Chrysanthemum morifolium is a gynomonoecious plant that bears both female zygomorphic ray florets and bisexual actinomorphic disc florets in the inflorescence. This sexual system is quite prevalent in Asteraceae, but poorly understood. CYCLOIDEA (CYC) 2 subclade transcription factors, key regulators of flower symmetry and floret identity in Asterac...
In this paper, a rare new species of the genus Chrysanthemum from China, C. yantaiense, is described and illustrated. It appears most closely related to C. indicum, but its characters are quite different in stem habit, leaf, synflorescence, capitula size and chromosome ploidy. The diagnostic characters of the new species were proven in four years o...
Lilium, the famous and significant cut flower, emits a variety of volatile organic compounds, which mainly contain monoterpenes, such as myrcene, (E)-β-ocimene, and linalool. To understand the molecular mechanism of monoterpene synthesis in Lilium, we cloned two potential genes in the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway, namely LiDXS and LiDXR, fr...
Soil salinization is becoming a limitation to the utilization of ornamental plants worldwide. Crossostephium chinensis (Linnaeus) Makino is often cultivated along the southeast coast of China for its desirable ornamental qualities and high salt tolerance. However, little is known about the genomic background of the salt tolerance mechanism in C. ch...
Primers used in qRT-PCR in Crossostephium chinensis.
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Details of GO enrichment with padj < 0.05.
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DEGs involved in the Ca2+ signaling pathway.
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DEGs involved in compatible solutes.
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DEGs involved in functional proteins.
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Categorization of C. chinensis unigenes in KEGG biochemical pathways.
Genes are classified into five categories according to the KEGG pathway in which they participate: A, cellular processes; B, environmental information processing; C, genetic information processing; D, metabolism; E, organismal systems. A total of 37,417 unigenes were assigned to...
DEGs involved in the ABA signaling pathway.
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Details of KEGG enrichment with padj < 0.05.
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DEGs involved in the SOS signaling pathway.
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Length distribution of transcripts and unigenes.
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Differentially expressed transcription factor genes.
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Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation of transcripts.
The results are summarized in three main categories: biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. The y-axis indicates the number of genes in a category. A total of 53,368 unigenes were assigned to GO terms.
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EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG) classifications in C. chinensis.
A total of 34,183 sequences with KOG classifications within the 26 categories are shown. The y-axis indicates the percentage of genes in a category.
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Lilium ‘Siberia’ flowers produce a strong scent, with monoterpenes serving as the main volatile component. Using a homology-based PCR strategy, we cloned a monoterpene synthase gene (LiTPS) from Lilium ‘Siberia’ petals. The gene consisted of a 1761-bp open reading frame, and encoded a 587-amino acid protein. The deduced amino acid sequence containe...
Chrysanthemum morifolium, one of the most economically important ornamental crops worldwide, is well-known for the elaborate and complex inflorescence which is composed of both bilaterally symmetrical ray florets and radially symmetrical disc florets. Despite continuing efforts, the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of the two flower types...
Inflorescence developmental stages 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 of C. morifolium ‘Mao xiangyu’ (MXY). Stage 1 is corresponding to the developing phase of stage IV.
Background
Chrysanthemum morifolium is one of the most important global cut flower and pot plants, and has been cultivated worldwide. However, limited genomic resources are available and the molecular mechanisms involved in the two morphologically distinct floret developmental cycles in chrysanthemum remain unclear. ResultsThe transcriptomes of chr...
In lily flowers, the volatile ester methyl benzoate is one of the major and abundant floral scent compounds; however, knowledge regarding the biosynthesis of methyl benzoate remains unknown for Lilium. In this study, we isolated a benzoic acid/salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (BSMT) gene, LiBSMT, from petals of Lilium 'Yelloween'. The gene...
With the development of chrysanthemum breeding in recent years, an increasing number of wild species in genera related to Chrysanthemum were introduced to extend the genetic resources and facilitate the genetic improvement of chrysanthemums via hybridization. However, few simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are available for marker-assisted breedi...
Chrysanthemum morifolium is an important floral crop that is cultivated worldwide. However, due to a lack of genomic resources, very little information is available concerning the molecular mechanisms of flower development in chrysanthemum.
The transcriptomes of chrysanthemum vegetative buds, floral buds and buds were sequenced using Illumina paire...
Chrysanthemums have beautiful flowers with high ornamental value and rich genetic diversity. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to detect the relationships among 12 wild accessions and 62 groundcover chrysanthemum cultivars. Nineteen EcoRI/MseI primer combinations revealed 452 informative polymorphic bands with a mean o...
Prunus mume (mei), which was domesticated in China more than 3,000 years ago as ornamental plant and fruit, is one of the first genomes among Prunus subfamilies of Rosaceae been sequenced. Here, we assemble a 280M genome by combining 101-fold next-generation sequencing and optical mapping data. We further anchor 83.9% of scaffolds to eight chromoso...
Supplementary Figures S1-S9, Supplementary Tables S1-S22, and Supplementary Methods
Floral scents emitted from eight cultivars of cut lily flowers (Lilium) were analyzed. Floral volatiles were collected by headspace adsorption on sorbent tubes and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/ MS) using a direct thermal desorption. Fifty volatile compounds were identified. Nine compounds were detected in all lilies, whereas...
Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and direct thermal desorption (DTD) coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to determine the floral scent composition of Lilium 'Siberia'. Three types of fiber coating 100 μm PDMS, 2 cm-50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS and 75 μm CAR/PDMS were employed for solid-phase microextractio...
An efficient method for inducing somatic embryogenesis of Lilium longiflorum 'White Heaven' was developed. The bulb scales, measuring about 1x1 cm (length x width), were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzylamino-purine(6-BA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid(2,4-D) alone or in combinat...
China has profuse ornamental plant resources and over 3000 years' cultivating history. However, the commercial flower production emerged from the beginning of 1980s in this country, and experienced a rapid development in past nearly 30 years. Till 2009, China has been the country with the largest area of flower production - of ca. 824,000 hectares...
Floral scent is a complex mixture of low molecular weight volatile compounds, which gives the flower its unique fragrance. Plant scent is mainly composed of terpenoids, benzenoids/phenylpropanoids, fatty acid derivatives, and compounds containing nitrogen or sulfur. These volatile compounds act as attractants to pollinators that provide the plant w...
To study the effect of different sucrose concentration on bulblet formation, three kinds of Lilium plantlets, Lilium davidii var. unicolor, L. longiflorum ‘White Heaven’ and L. OT ‘Yelloween’ were inoculated on media containing different sugar concentration. It was found that L. davidii var. unicolo had 100% percent in bulblet formation at the sucr...
In this paper, the HsfA2 gene from Arabidopsis
thaliana ecotype Columbia was firstly isolated by RT-PCR, the PCR fragment of HsfA2 gene was inserted into the binary vector pBI121 and got the resulted expression vector, which named pBI121-AtHsfA2. The vector was further transformed into the Agrobacterium
tumefaciens LBA4404, and then the AtHsfA2 was...
To study the effect of different sucrose concentration on bulblet formation, three types of lilium plantlets, Lilium davidii var. unicolor, L. longiflorum 'White Heaven' and L. 'Yelloween' were cultured on media containing different sugar concentrations. L. davidii var. unicolor had 100% in bulblet formation at the sucrose concentration 100 g L-1....
We developed 17 microsatellite loci from Lagerstroemia caudata to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of this endangered species. These loci provided markers with polymorphisms
of 2–11 alleles per locus within 48 individuals from Hubei, China. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from
0.06 to 0.77 and 0.31 to 0.83, r...
Lilium henryi Baker is a native lily from mountainous regions of central China and has great potential as an ornamental plant for its long-lasting orange flowers and recurred petals. The plant is much more tolerant to lime soil than most Lilium species. To effectively conserve and utilize this plant for our future breeding, an efficient micropropag...
Chrysanthemum × morifolium ‘Qiyuetaohua’ is a ground-cover cultivar characterized by flowering in early summer in Beijing, China. To identify the photoperiod respond type and effectively utilize the early flowering trait, vernalization and photoperiod requirement for flower bud initiation and development were investigated, as measured by the days t...
To provide a theoretical basis for lily breeding of low light tolerance, we studied the developmental and photosynthetic characteristics of Lilium Oriental hybrids, i. e. 'Marcopolo', 'Tiber', 'Constanta' and 'Acapulco', under different shade treatments, i. e. natural light, 50% shade and 75% shade. The photosynthetic parameters and growth indices...
