Milan Thorel

• Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
• Medical Doctor at Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle

A 7‐year‐old female okapi ( Okapia johnstoni ) was treated for 17 days on a clinical suspicion of myopathy. Intensive care was initiated, including anti‐inflammatory and analgesic drugs, preventive antibiotic therapy, vitamins, anti‐acidosis and anti‐colic treatments, aggressive fluid therapy, forced feeding and parenteral nutrition, as well as las...

This report describes the use of an ultrapotent, opioid‐free anaesthesia with an infusion of butorphanol, ketamine and guaifenesin in two captive adult male greater one‐horned rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros unicornis ). Animals were premedicated intramuscularly with azaperone (0.05 mg/kg), butorphanol tartrate (0.05 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively) and an α2...

The white stork (Ciconia ciconia) is a ciconiiform species widely represented in zoological institutions. Plasma protein electrophoresis is widely used in avian patients for assessment of inflammatory conditions, but reference intervals for this testing modality are lacking for the white stork. The two main electrophoretic methods are agarose gel e...

Plasma electrophoresis is an ancillary diagnostic tool in avian medicine, with agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) being the most common techniques. Frozen samples can be used for quantitative studies or comparative diagnostic purposes, but stability of avian plasma proteins under freezing is poorly described....

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in animal health and homeostasis, particularly in endangered species conservation. This study investigated the fecal microbiota composition of European captive-bred African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) housed in French zoos, and compared it with wild African savanna elephants. Fecal samples were col...

Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives Aspergillosis is an opportunistic fungal infection due to Aspergillus spp., and primarily A. fumigatus. The disease is pervasive in avian populations, especially those under managed care. The incidence and the management of avian aspergillosis can be critically impacted by exposur...

Aspergillosis is pervasive in bird populations, especially those under human care. Its management can be critically impacted by exposure to high levels of conidia and by resistance to azole drugs. The fungal contamination in the environment of a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) group, housed in a French zoological park next to numerous large...

Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused mainly by Aspergillus fumigatus that often results in respiratory disease in birds. Aspergillosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in captive-bred penguin species. Currently, there is no registered vaccine to prevent aspergillosis. Recent research demonstrated that oral administration of gram-ne...

Radiographs (RX) and computed tomography scans (CT) were performed in 43 birds from ten avian orders held in a French zoo presented with musculoskeletal disorders. The two methods were compared for 50 diagnosed lesions. A letter-based scoring system (A-B-C-D-E-F) was used to assess diagnostic difficulty using both methods for each lesion, from A (e...

A 4-year-old, female common Eider (Somateria mollissima) was presented for mild lethargy with no previous medical history. Numerous intraerythrocytic, round-shaped inclusions were visualized on blood smears, later morphologically identified as Plasmodium relictum parasites. Despite oral doxycycline treatment, clinical condition declined 48 hours la...

No retrospective analysis of mortality in multiple Pelecaniformes species is available. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to identify common and significant causes of mortality in Pelecaniformes species held in a French zoo. Post-mortem reports were analyzed over a 20-yr period, including 165 individuals representing 12 species....

The clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) is classified as vulnerable on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. However, diseases affecting this species across zoo populations are not well documented. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to identify common and significant causes of morb...