Milaine Dominici Sanfins

In the March 2022 newsletter we started on the topic of the electrophysiology of hearing with a description of the basic concepts. In this bulletin, we will continue learning about auditory electrophysiology, a tool that provides important auditory diagnoses.

Objective: To analyze age-related changes in the central auditory pathway in healthy elderly individuals. Methods: A prospective, quantitative cross-sectional study. The caseload comprised 18 adults (mean age, 22.78 years) and 18 elderly individuals (mean age, 66.72 years) of both sexes, who met inclusion criteria. Subjects were submitted to bas...

Our newsletter this month will be about a very interesting structure called the insula. The word insula derives from the Latin “island” and, unfortunately, there is still little information about this structure. But what do we know about the insula so far

Background: Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) damage the peripheral and central auditory pathways, impairing the patient's sensory and cognitive processing with possible impacts on their quality of life. The objective of this study was to assess the integrity of neural processing in individuals with mild TBI.

To start, let’s recall an extremely important point that the movements of air molecules can produce pressure variations that, in turn, propagate through space in the form of a pressure wave, which is the basis of sound.

Neurons communicate through synapses. Communication between neurons does not occur through direct contact between one neuron and another; rather, communication takes place between neurons in a space called the synaptic space, synaptic cleft, or intersynaptic space (figure 1). A neuron releases neurotransmitters-chemical messengers-that pass on info...

Knowlegde about acoustics is often started in Physics classes. However, in the area of Health, more specifically in Audiology and Otorhinolaryngology courses, there is a need to review and improve this knowlegde, since acoustics will become part of our professional experience.

Abstract: (1) Background: A retrospective clinical study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of different pharmacological and non-pharmacological regimens for treating sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). (2) Methods: Adult patients (n = 130) diagnosed with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and hospitalized between 2015 and 202...

Electrophysiology is an objective evaluation method that allows investigating the responses of the central auditory nervous system arising from the capture of neuronal responses through surface electrodes. In addition to the possibility of investigating and diagnosing different pathologies, electrophysiology proves to be an effective and effective...

The focus of this newsletter is the face mask. Covid-19 virus severely affects the respiratory system and is transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of respiratory droplets. Due to the seriousness of the pathology and its easy spread through the population, the use of a face mask as a form of personal protective equipment has become mandatory i...

The pandemic has given rise to several anxiety and depression conditions that, in some cases, have resulted in damage to areas of the brain that regulate cognition and attention. Such losses have meant that schools have needed to make several changes in teaching methods in order to deal with the problem.

(1) Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most common diseases in childhood. The objective was to assess clinically the effectiveness of the surgical approach (tube insertion with adenoidectomy) in comparison with the non-surgical approach (watchful waiting) during a 12-month observation period. (2) Methods: This study was retr...

Currently, there is global concern about inclusion. The idea is that differences should be welcomed and that everybody should feel an integral part of all social, academic, and professional activities. In this newsletter we want to think of inclusion as a real possibility. Our topic will be “hearing inclusion”, have you heard of it?

Otoacoustic Emissions emerged directly from two people in Audiology who were key to their development, namely: a) Dr. Thomas Gold, the scientist who came up with the idea that the auditory system could contain active components, and b) Dr. David Kemp, who actually discovered there was such auditory activity in the cochlea. What are Otoacoustic Emis...

The Corona virus pandemic started in China in late 2019. Unfortunately, a rapid spread of the virus has been observed that has reached all countries. In view of the possibility of infection, isolation measures were instituted in order to contain the virus. School institutions needed to make several changes in the teaching methodology and ins...

The structure called the lateral lemniscus is part of the central auditory nervous system, together with the cochlear nuclei, the superior olivary complex, the inferior colliculus, the medial geniculate body, the subcortex, and the auditory cortex. In this newsletter, the focus is on understanding what we know specifically about the lateral lemnis...

(1) Background: In neonates and infants, the physiological modifications associated with language development are reflected in their Frequency Following Responses (FFRs) in the first few months of life. (2) Objective: This study aimed to test the FFRs of infants in the first 45 days of life in order to evaluate how auditory maturation affects the e...

E xistem diversas pes-quisas que investiga-ram a influência da perda auditiva em pacientes idosos, mas ainda há muito a ser desvendado. Estudos de ressonância magnética com o objetivo de identificar os fatores do envelheci-mento mos-traram que, em indivídu-os saudáveis, ocorre uma perda anu-al do volume cerebral de 0,2% aos 35 anos de idade, ao pas...

E xistem diversas pes-quisas que investiga-ram a influência da perda auditiva em pacientes idosos, mas ainda há muito a ser desvendado. Estudos de ressonância magnética com o objetivo de identificar os fatores do envelheci-mento mos-traram que, em indivídu-os saudáveis, ocorre uma perda anu-al do volume cerebral de 0,2% aos 35 anos de idade, ao pas...

E xistem diversas pes-quisas que investiga-ram a influência da perda auditiva em pacientes idosos, mas ainda há muito a ser desvendado. Estudos de ressonância magnética com o objetivo de identificar os fatores do envelheci-mento mos-traram que, em indivídu-os saudáveis, ocorre uma perda anu-al do volume cerebral de 0,2% aos 35 anos de idade, ao pas...

Introduction Parkinson disease (PD) is a degenerative and progressive neurological disorder characterized by resting tremor, stiffness, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Despite the motor symptoms, PD patients also consistently show cognitive impairment or executive dysfunction. The auditory event-related potential P300 has been described as...

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a pathology frequently causing mortality or serious sequelae. About 20% of individuals with TBI will have some degree of auditory alteration. The aim of the present study was to use behavioural and electrophysiological assessments to analyse the hearing of a patient with TBI.

V ocê sabia que as crianças disléxicas podem apresentar alterações vi-suais? As alterações visuais podem ser desde a dificuldade de percepção visual até a condição oculomotora, que vamos nos deter aqui. Estas alterações são comuns na dislexia, mas não são de-terminantes da mesma, podem coocorrer em al-gumas pessoas disléxicas. Quando acontece, pode...

V ocê sabia que as crianças disléxicas podem apresentar alterações vi-suais? As alterações visuais podem ser desde a dificuldade de percepção visual até a condição oculomotora, que vamos nos deter aqui. Estas alterações são comuns na dislexia, mas não são de-terminantes da mesma, podem coocorrer em al-gumas pessoas disléxicas. Quando acontece, pode...

Introduction: Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) evaluate the functional status of the cochlea. Repeated otitis media (OM) can cause changes in the peripheral structures of the auditory system, and, in this way, middle ear infection may irreversibly damage the middle ear, or even the cochlea. Objectives: To analyze the results of transiently evoked ot...

Background: It is believed that auditory processing occurs normally in people who can sing in tune and improperly in people who cannot. Auditory feedback seems to be a crucial factor in the way the voice is produced and monitored. Evaluation of auditory processing using the Frequency Following Response (FFR) allows fine-grained neural processing to...

Introduction: There seems to be a relationship between learning disorders and changes in auditory skills which can cause short, medium, and long term damage in an individual's life. An early diagnosis can contribute to the treatment of these patients. The frequency following response (FFR) is an objective electrophysiological test for investigating...

A relação entre a interação do Siste-ma Auditivo e as Funções Cogniti-vas estão em alta nos últimos anos. De acordo com Arlinger e colaboradores, o sistema au-ditivo é extremamente dinâmico e, intrinsi-camente, relacionado às funções cognitivas. No decorrer de nossas vidas ocorrem mudanças no funcionamento do sistema au-ditivo periférico que podem...

Introduction Otitis media (OM) is considered one of the most common reasons patients seek medical care in childhood. The fluctuating nature of hearing loss in cases of OM leads to irregular sound stimulation of the central auditory nervous system. Objectives To analyze the long-latency auditory-evoked potential (LLAEP) by verbal and nonverbal sound...

N o post deste mês, o assunto é o intri-gante sistema eferente ou também co-nhecido como sistema descendente. Em com-paração com o sistema ascendente, que é amplamente discutido, e já se conhece suas es-truturas e funcionalidades, quando se trata do sis-tema auditivo eferente há muito a ser descoberto. De modo simplista, o sistema aferente está rel...

Complexo Olivar Superior-uma estrutura de extrema importância no sistema auditivo O post deste mês será sobre o Complexo Olivar Superior (COS) que é uma estrutura de grande interesse e importância no sistema auditivo. O COS pode ser sudividido em COS ipsilateral e COS contralateral e, por esta razão, estas estruturas recebem informações de ambas as...

Complexo Olivar Superior-uma estrutura de extrema importância no sistema auditivo O post deste mês será sobre o Complexo Olivar Superior (COS) que é uma estrutura de grande interesse e importância no sistema auditivo. O COS pode ser sudividido em COS ipsilateral e COS contralateral e, por esta razão, estas estruturas recebem informações de ambas as...

A s noções de Anatomia e Neuroanatomia nos cursos da área de saúde, frequentemente, são ministradas nos primeiros anos da graduação. Apesar de essenciais, talvez nem todos tenham condições de assimilar todo o conteúdo em um momento tão inicial da formação. Depois, possivelmente, percebam o quão importante foram aquelas aulas na faculdade. E não é i...

O potencial evocado miogênico vestibular (VEMP) pode ser de dois tipos: cervical e o ocular. Que são respostas que acontecem por meio de contrações musculares, mais especificamente, o músculo esternocleidomastóideo (cVEMP) e do músculo oblíquo inferior (oVEMP), associados a um estímulo sonoro de alta intensidade para que os resquícios de células ci...

O potencial evocado miogênico vestibular (VEMP) pode ser de dois tipos: cervical e o ocular. Que são respostas que acontecem por meio de contrações musculares, mais especificamente, o músculo esternocleidomastóideo (cVEMP) e do músculo oblíquo inferior (oVEMP), associados a um estímulo sonoro de alta intensidade para que os resquícios de células ci...

Background/objective: The effects of otitis media on the function of the central auditory nervous system in different populations is unknown. Understanding how the history of otitis media affects children from different nations will guide health professionals worldwide on the importance of adequate auditory stimulus in childhood. For this reason,...

No post de hoje, a ideia foi conhecer um pouco mais sobre uma estrutura que é fundamental no processamento das informações sonoras. Os profissionais de saúde devem compreender a localização e funcionalidades de cada estrutura do Sistema Nervoso Auditivo Central (SNAC). O foco da vez será uma apresentação simples e rápida dos núcleos cocleares (NCs)...

REPORT ON THE 1ST OUVIRE AND CENA MEETING, 3RD AUGUST 2019, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

entemente encontrado na população. Pesquisadores apontam que cerca de 5 a 30% de toda a população apresentam algum tipo de zumbido. O zumbido é caracterizado pela sensação de percepção de um estímulo sonoro mesmo na ausência do mesmo, portanto, pode ser chamado com o “som fantasma”. O tipo de percepção do som varia em demasia de paciente para pacie...

In this chapter, the latest data on the clinical application of frequency following response (FFR) in the adult and children population, will be presented. The chapter starts with information on central auditory processing and the existing evaluation methods for accessing central auditory disorders. Greater focus is given to electrophysiological as...

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the impact of otitis media on auditory evoked potentials in children with a history of otitis media in comparison to a control group. Design 90 children, with normal hearing and middle ear status at time of assessment, aged between 8 to 14 years (44 boys and 46 girls) were enrolled in this study. 50 c...

no entanto, mostra que não é preciso nada muito sofisticado e que os procedimentos estão disponíveis na grande maioria das clínicas audiológicas. O que realmente importa é a expertise do profissional ao analisar todos os resultados e compreender com exatidão o que cada exame pode diagnosticar e, principalmente, averiguar se todas as "pistas" encont...

O processo de percepção de fala é realmente um processo tão magnífico, quanto complexo. Nosso cérebro armazena modelos dos sons de voz de diferentes pessoas e, quando ouvimos uma voz, automaticamente, estas informações são processadas e inicia-se um processo de comparação com os modelos internalizados em milésimos de segundos. Para que este process...

O benefício da música tem sido muito discutido seja na fonoaudiologia, na medicina, na sociedade e na vida cotidiana. A conexão entre música e audição está ganhando destaque nas pesquisas científicas ao redor do mundo. Uma pioneira neste estudo é a Dra. Nina Kraus que, constantemente, divulga seus estudos que demonstram as evidências científicas de...

This chapter will present information on the central auditory nervous system with a special focus in the auditory pathways. The intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of neuroplasticity will be described, and the neuroplasticity of the auditory system will be presented in detail. These topics are the basis of the auditory training (AT) program for central...

Objective: To investigate the effect of congenital toxoplasmosis (CTP) on the Frequency-Following Response (FFR) in infants. Study design: 11 infants diagnosed with CTP and 12 healthy infants with no risk indicators for hearing impairment, aged 29-90 days old. All infants underwent an FFR neurophysiological assessment. The test stimulus was the...

For speech and language to develop, an intact and active auditory system is of fundamental importance. The central auditory nervous system (CANS) can be hampered by several occurrences, including otitis media (OM) originating from inflammation in the middle ear and which is often associated with the accumulation of infected (or sometimes noninfecte...

The aim of this review is to compare published FFR studies for groups of musicians and non-musicians. Musicians are taken to be those who have used their instrument at least twice a week for many years. The review considers sample size, age, gender, native language, preliminary and complementary assessments, equipment, stimuli, objective results, a...

Background: Speech-ABR is an electrophysiological procedure that makes it possible to monitor the processing of auditory information in the subcortical region, easily and quickly, applicable even to very young subjects. So far there are no data in the literature describing the standards of normality of FFR in Italian children and adolescents. So th...

Objectives To analyze the central auditory nervous system function through behavioral and electrophysiological tests in children with a history of otitis media and subsequent bilateral tubes placement surgery. Methods The participants were divided into two groups between eight and 14 years old: control group (CG) consisted of 40 children with no h...

Este trabalho buscou analisar os resultados da avaliação das Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas Produto de Distorção (EOAPD) em indivíduos com histórico de otite média secretora (OMS) que foram submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica para inserção de tubo de ventilação bilateralmente, com o objetivo de investigar o impacto à longo prazo da otite média de re...

O Tratado de Eletrofisiologia para a Audiologia contém todo o referencial teórico para a compreensão minuciosa e execução da avaliação auditiva e vestibular por meio dos potenciais evocados. Seu conteúdo, elaborado por renomados profissionais da área, abrange a anatomia e fisiologia dos sistemas biológicos envolvidos, os parâmetros técnicos dos exa...

The aim of this study was to assess the parameters of choice, from previously published speech ABR studies, such as duration, intensity, rate, polarity, number of sweeps, window length, stimulated ear, fundamental frequency, first formant and second formant. In order to identify candidate articles, five databases were assessed using the following k...

Background: Otitis media in childhood may result in changes in auditory information processing and speech perception. Once a failure in decoding information has been detected, an evaluation can be performed by auditory evoked potential as FFR. Material and Methods: 60 children and adolescents aged 8 to 14 years were included in the study. The subje...