Milad Rashidifard

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• Ph.D. (Nematology)
• Senior Lecturer at University of the Free State

Meloidogyne species cause great crop losses worldwide. Although genetic host plant resistance is an effective control strategy to minimize damage caused by Meloidogyne, some resistant genes are ineffective against virulent species such as Meloidogyne enterolobii. Detailed knowledge about the genetic composition of Meloidogyne species is thus essent...

Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the main biotic factors limiting agricultural production worldwide, with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) being the most damaging group. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of soil microbiomes, associated with various subtropical fruit trees, on the management of a Meloidogyne enterolobii pop...

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are one of the most important plant-parasitic nematodes of cereal crops in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was designed to evaluate the rotation effects of different cultivars of sainfoin (Esparsette, Perly, Taja and Visnovsky), soybean (DM-5953-RSF) and alfalfa (BAR 7) with maize (P-2432-R), on a Meloidogyne enterolobii p...

Crop damage inflicted by Meloidogyne enterolobii justifies an updated literature review focusing on recent discoveries about its identification, biology and management. Since its description in 1983, M. enterolobii has become a pest of great concern, particularly due to its virulence, which renders controlling this nematode pest a challenge. The gl...

Identification of Meloidogyne spp. is challenging when using only the classical techniques since some species share similar characteristics. In this study, 37 Meloidogyne populations were obtained from four provinces in South Africa during 2015 and 2016 and molecularly characterised. We used SCAR-PCR markers and sequencing of four DNA fragments, vi...

Plants employ different defensive strategies to limit or avoid nematode attacks, including the recruitment of beneficial microorganisms that can support plants by enhancing their defence mechanisms. We investigated the effect of the two nematode egg parasitising fungi, Niesslia gamsii and Polydomus karssenii, on nematode suppression on tomato using...

Molecular data should be combined with morphological data to enhance the reliability of phylogenetic and diagnostic studies on nematodes. In this study, the citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans collected from citrus orchards in different localities in Fars province, southern Iran, was characterized using the partial sequencing of ITS rDNA, D2-...

Interaction between plant parasitic nematodes and their host plants is a dynamic process. While plants employ different defensive strategies to limit or avoid nematode infection, plant parasitic nematodes utilise various strategies to suppress plant defence. However, in the meantime, beneficial microorganisms can support plants in enhancing their d...

Groundwater ecosystems are inhabited by unique assemblages of animals, often with restricted distributions and highly specialized traits. Those assemblages sustain ecosystem functioning and contribute to important ecosystem services. Knowledge of the species occurring in those habitats and the main ecological and historical drivers for their distri...

Meloidogyne enterolobii is a highly pathogenic nematode species that renders host plant resistance ineffective that exists for other species. The life-cycle development and duration of three Meloidogyne species, viz. M. enterolobii, M. incognita and M. javanica was determined in roots of three crops: tomato (‘Moneymaker’), soybean (‘DM-5953-RSF’) a...

Sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia ), is a beneficial forage legume, which is adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. It has the potential to be an exceptionally useful forage crop due to its high digestibility and palatability, anthelmintic properties, endophytes, and abundance of nectar and pollen for honey production. We report here the fi...

Meloidogyne enterolobii is a highly pathogenic nematodes species that renders host plant resistance ineffective that exists for other species. The life-cycle development, duration, and reproduction potential of three Meloidogyne species occurring in South Africa, viz . M. enterolobii, M. incognita and M. javanica were determined in roots of three c...

A new species of dorylaimid nematode, Aporcelinus abeokutaensis sp. n., collected from a watermelon field in Nigeria, is described, illustrated and molecularly (D2-D3 28S ribosomal DNA) studied. It is characterized by its 1.18-1.52-mm-long body, lip region offset by weak constriction, 15.5-17.5 μm broad with perioral liplets, odontostyle 18-21.5 μm...

A newly recovered population of the genus Laimaphelenchus from a dead maritime pine wood sample in Potchefstroom, South Africa, representing a new species, named L. africanus n. sp., is herein described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular data. The new species is mainly characterized by the following: 750-987 µm long females; a cep...

Two populations of a Butlerius species were recovered from compost in two gardens in Potchefstroom, North-West Province, South Africa. Although the genus has previously been reported from South Africa, no species of the genus has ever been identified in the country. Based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular studies, the specimens were ide...

Prionchulus jonkershoekensis n. sp. is described from South Africa and illustrated using morphological, morphometric, and molecular techniques. This species is characterized by its body length (1.78-2.14 mm); the size of buccal cavity (38-44 × 24-31 µm), lower dorsal tooth position in relation to buccal cavity base, the position of amphidial apertu...

A new species of the genus Aporcella collected from a watermelon field in Nigeria is described, including its morphological and molecular (small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA)) characterization. Aporcella femina sp. n. is distinguished by its 3.21–3.64 mm-long body, inner cuticle layer with fine but distinct transverse s...

In the summer of 2018, specimens of a Hoplolaimus population were extracted from a maize root sample collected near Stampriet, Namibia. This population was identified as Hoplolaimus pararobustus and is described and illustrated based on its morphological, morphometric, and molecular characteristics. To our knowledge, this is the first report H. par...

Cephalenchus driekieae n. sp. is described and illustrated based on its morphological, morphometric, and molecular characteristics. This new species is mainly characterized by its short stylet 11.5 to 13.0 µm, and 13.5 to 17.5 µm long pharyngeal overlap extending over the intestine. It could further be delimited by 451 to 526 µm long females with a...

Calcaridorylaimus heynsi n. sp. is the second species of the genus to be described by both morphological and molecular techniques. Morphologically, it can be distinguished from all known species of Calcaridorylaimus by a combination of the following characters: presence of advulval ornamentations, short body (0.90-1.33 mm), slightly anteriorly posi...

Little information is available for nematode pests associated with watermelon in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study recorded the abundance and prevalence of plant-parasitic nematodes from 25 localities across south-west Nigeria during 2016/2017. Of the 11 nematode species identified, those belonging to Meloidogyne spp. were predominant according...

A new species of Aporcelaimellus, collected in a watermelon field in Nigeria, is described, including its morphological and molecular (D2-D3 28S-rDNA, 18r-DNA) characterisation. Aporcelaimellus nigeriensis sp. n. is distinguishable by its 2.76-3.55 mm length, very coarse ventral body pores, lip region offset by deep constriction and 24-27 μm broad...

Accurate identification of Meloidogyne spp. is crucial and the first step to apply suitable management strategies to combat these nematode pests. Perineal-pattern morphology of female specimens is one of the most common characteristics used for identification. However, for some species various morphological characteristics are similar which makes i...

Variability in the reproductive potential of Meloidogyne spp. is crucial to design suitable nematode management strategies. The reproductive potential of nine South African single-species Meloidogyne populations, M. enterolobii (5), M. incognita (2) and M. javanica (2), as well as three mixed-species communities (each containing two of the three sp...

Meloidogyne is a destructive nematode genus parasitising crops worldwide. Meloidogyne arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica are listed as the economically most important species, but M. enterolobii is considered a virulent and emerging threat. No comprehensive molecular and/or morphological knowledge exists for local M. enterolobii popul...

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important grain crop being produced in South Africa under diverse environments and practice systems. The omnipresence of plant-parasitic nematodes in local agricultural soils, however, poses a threat to the sustainable production of maize, soybean and other rotation crops. Root and rhizosphere samples of the 28 comme...

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne), the first ranked plant parasitic nematode genus, is an economic important pest worldwide. Genetic host plant resistance is one of the most effective management strategies successfully applied to reduce damage caused by these pests. However, some root-knot nematode resistant genes are overcome by more virulent spec...

Comparison of COI and NADH5 mitochondrial DNA results for molecular identification of Melodogyne populations from South Africa

During surveys in the Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa, 36 populations of Meloidogyne enterolobii were collected from various crops and weeds at 17 localities. The identity of these populations was determined by means of morphological, morphometrical and molecular techniques to accurately identify M. enterolobii and other Meloidogyn...

Free-living, further referred to as non-parasitic, nematodes are well known for the beneficial role they play in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In South Africa, however, emphasis has till recently been placed on economically important plant-parasitic nematodes. Nevertheless, with an increased focus on ecological studies, it is worth discussing...

Since the 2011 summer-growing season, two distinctly different egg types with regard to their size were recorded from maize roots using an adapted NaOCl method (Riekert, 1995). Hence, two groups of eggs (‘large’ and ‘small’) were counted. Since it is impossible to distinguish between nematode genera/species by visual consideration of egg morphology...

Tylenchulus semipenetrans is the most yield losses in citrus cultivated areas in Iran. To date, citrus nematode has been reported from southern and northern parts of Iran. During a study on plant parasitic nematodes in the citrus orchards of southern part of Iran, Tylenchulus semipenetrsns isolated from 90% of soil and root samples (1350 out of 150...

During a project on Helicotylenchus phylogeny in South Africa, H. dihystera identified morphologically and molecularly in Potchefstroom. Concern to the morphological characters, this population fit well with the other population studied previously. D2-D3 region of 28S rDNA amplified for study of its phylogenetic position. Nblast result showed close...

During a survey in Citrus orchards of Kerman province, P. cf. coffeae extracted and identified using morphological and morphometrical characters. Furthermore, D2D3 segment of 28S rDNA amplified and sequenced. The Nblast results showed that the populations of P. coffeae, P. loosi and P. scribneri form a clade. Iranian population of P. cf. coffeae wi...

Tylenchulus semipenetrans was identified morphologically from root samples collected from a pomegranate plant in a garden in the Shahdad region of southeastern Iran. Molecular analysis based on the D2-D3 segment of 28S rDNA confirmed this population as T. semipenetrans. Phylogenetic analysis using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method, places this pop...

Abstract: Tylenchulus semipenetrans was identified morphologically from root samples collected from citrus orchards in Shahdad region, southeastern Iran. The number of juveniles and females averaged 648/100 g soil and 65/10 g root, respectively, in infected samples. Monitoring these orchards for two years (2012–2013) indicated no significant correl...

Citrus orchards are located in the south and north of Iran. The citrus industry is an important part of the national economy of Iran. Plant parasitic nematodes cause losses of approximately 10-30% of the world’s citrus orchards .During a survey on the biodiversity of plant parasitic nematodes in citrus orchards of the Shahdad region in Kerman provi...

Tylenchulus semipenetrans is one of the most important pathogens in citrus orchards. During a survey on this nematode, pH and EC of the soil were examined. The number of J2 of citrus nematode was measured in 100 gr. of soil. The result indicates that pH ranges from 7.04 to 7.94 and EC ranges between 0.5 and 2.73. Comparison of variation of pH and E...

Citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb 1913, the causal agent of slow decline, is one of the most important nematode in citrus orchards of the world, and almost in all areas under cultivation of these crops caused economic losses. Most effective method for managing the nematode is using of the chemical nematicides but due to environmental...