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Publications (65)
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is an emerging technology for producing large scale metal components, offering significant advantages in material efficiency and reduced production time compared to conventional methods. This study investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon steel produced using two different WAAM syste...
This study examines the influence of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) param eters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 316L stainless steel, comparing out puts from two different systems: the Fronius TransPuls Synergic 2700 CMT and the Kemppi X5 500 Pulse+. By employing Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) for microstruc...
This study investigates the surface roughness, hardness, and fatigue performance of AISI 316L walls produced via wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) under three different surface conditions: as-built, severe shot peened (SSP), and machined. The WAAM-printed walls exhibit typical layered structures with some surface irregularities due to thermal...
This study investigates the bending fatigue strength of ultra-high-strength steel (UHS) steel manufactured using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology. Hardness evaluations, conducted in the built direction, demonstrated a remarkable consistency with an average hardness of approximately 292 HV throughout the entire deposited component....
This study was initiated to investigate the material characteristics of binder jet (BJ) manufactured austenitic stainless steel 316L, focusing specifically on the less studied bronze infiltrated version of this material. While BJ technology offers a compelling alternative to the current market leader laser powder bed fusion, all additive manufactur...
In this paper, the effect of printing parameters on the surface roughness and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured (WAAM) carbon steel is evaluated. WAAM has become increasingly popular as an additive manufacturing method, particularly for producing large parts. Utilizing welding equipment with cold metal transfer (CMT) technolog...
The examination of WAAM UHS steel laser welds revealed effective material penetration, with desirable geometry showcased by a nearly I-shaped structure. Minor deficiencies were observed at the weld face, while excessive penetration was evident at the weld's root. Cross-sectional analysis indicated no discernible porosity or defects within the weld....
This study investigates the mechanical properties and microstructure of 316L stainless steel fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) additive manufacturing with different layer thick nesses and orientations. Impact toughness is evaluated under various conditions as well as bending fatigue performance to understand the influence of layer t...
This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the microstructure, hardness, tensile strength, and bending fatigue behavior of a Wire Arc Additively Manufactured (WAAM) component composed of dissimilar materials—Carbon Steel (CS) and 316L stainless steel. Microscopic analysis reveals distinct microstructural characteristics, such as equiaxe...
Additive manufacturing (AM), notably Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB), has transformed metal component production, including the widely used AlSi10Mg alloy. However, optimizing surface properties for longevity remains challenging. Shot peening enhances mechanical properties, while silver shell-copper core (SSCC) coatings provide corrosion resistanc...
Binder jetting is a rapidly evolving additive manufacturing technique, challenging the dominance of laser powder bed fusion in metal fabrication. This study focuses on the material properties of austenitic stainless steel 316L produced via binder jet technology. Porosity remains a significant challenge across additive manufacturing methods, adverse...
This investigation evaluates the influence of surface quality on the bending fatigue strength of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) Ultra-High-Strength (UHS) steel, The study is focused on structural integrity, hardness, surface roughness, tensile strength, and bending fatigue performance. Cross-sectional analysis reveals slight variations in w...
Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, particularly Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB), have revolutionized the production of complex components, offering unparalleled design freedom and material customization. This paper delves into the mechanical intricacies of AlSi10Mg manufactured via PBF-LB, with a specific focus on its mechanical properties an...
The study investigates the impact of severe shot peening on the fatigue strength of wire arc additively manufactured carbon steel. Initial characterization revealed a material with prominent equiaxed grains and large grain sizes. However, the application of SSP induced a considerable reduction in grain size, particularly on the surface, consequentl...
Titanium alloys are highly valued in various industries due to their exceptional qualities. This study examines how the build orientation affects the mechanical and fatigue properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) produced Ti6Al4V, without heat treatment. The research shows mechanical properties vary based on build orientation with vertically...
Additive manufacturing, specifically Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB), has gained prominence for its capability to produce complex near-net-shaped components. While PBF-LB offers advantages such as lightweight construction and cost-effectiveness, post-processing remains crucial to meet specific design requirements. This study investigates the post-...
In this study, use of adhesive double-sided tape in laser welded ultra-high-strength steel lap joints was evaluated. The test material in the study was abrasion resistant steel (AR400). Optical microscopy was used to investigate macroscopic morphologies of the welds and hardness profiles were measured. Static properties of the joints were evaluated...
Additive manufacturing (AM) has transformed the production of complex geometries and customized components.Powder Bed Fusion with Laser Beam (PBF-LB) is a popular AM technique known for its ability to produce parts with excellent mechanical properties. This study focuses on the characterization of AlSi10Mg, an aluminum alloy widely used in aerospac...
This study presents a comprehensive exploration of the fatigue resistance of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) carbon steel for lattice structures. Microstructural analysis unveils substantial grain dimensions characterized by a distinctive crystallographic configuration. These grains exhibit equiaxed characteristics, demonstrating uniform dim...
This paper investigates residual stresses of the laser welded abrasion resistant steel butt joints. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to measure the residual stresses of the laser welded joints. The geometry and mechanical properties of the joints were also investigated. The weld metal hardness of the weld made with the lowest welding energy corresp...
The present work was aimed at increasing the fatigue life of laser powder bed fusion manufactured maraging steel (MS) using surface modification. Samples were manufactured to investigatethe mechanical properties of the material with two types of heat treatment routes that were both subjected to severe shot peening (SSP). In addition, bending fatigu...
In this study the effect of laser heat treatment (LHT) and severe shot peening (SSP) on laser powder bed fusion manufactured AISI 316L stainless steel is investigated. The effect of LHT and SSP on the hardness of the surface of the PBF-LB 316L is studied performing microhardness measurements. Microstructure is evaluated in the EBSD investigation. T...
The wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology has become very popular recently. However, the properties of printed pieces are not yet examined properly. In this paper the effect of severe shot peening (SSP) on mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured AISI 316L is investigated. The effect of SSP on the surface hardness of the...
Laser powder bed fusion manufactured (PBF-LB) austenitic stainless steel 316L offers higher strength than traditionally manufactured counterparts. Further improvement can be obtained with suitable surface modification. This work focuses on improving the material qualities with the aid of severe shot peening (SSP), which can increase the surface har...
As base metals (BMs), plates of 5-mm-thick low-alloyed ultra-high-strength carbon steel (LA-UHSS) with a tensile strength of 1.3 GPa and 5-mm-thick 316L austenitic stainless steel were laser-welded at two different energy inputs (EIs; 60 and 100 J/mm). The microstructural characteristics of the fusion zones (FZs) in the welded joints were examined...
This study investigates the influence of surface
quality on fatigue strength of WAAM 316L stainless steel. The
tests were performed on milled, polished and as-built surfaces.
The macrostructure with optical microscope and microstructure
with EBSD detector were evaluated. The hardness profile was
measured from cross-section of the WAAM 316L part. Te...
Metal 3D printing technologies have made it possible to produce different parts, but the mechanical properties of the parts connected using different 3D printing technologies have not yet been sufficiently studied. In the study, 316L stainless steel was laser powder deposited (DED) with laser cladding head on the laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) pr...
The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of the epoxy foam-filling to mechanical properties of laser-welded stainless steel simple panel structures (SPS). The material of the SPS was austenitic cold-worked stainless steel AISI 301, tensile strength 1.64 GPa. The bending and compressive strength of the panels were investigated experim...
The need to manufacture lightweight structures from ultra-high-strength steels is forcing industry to look for new joining technologies. Hybrid joints are one of the new ways to join materials. This paper investigates joining ultra-high strength steel plates using laser welding and adhesive bonding. Steel used in this paper was abrasion resistant s...
The paper is focused on the effects of air gap size to mechanical properties of laser welded lap joints. Structural steel plates of 3 mm thickness were used in the laser welding experiments. The laser welding experiments were conducted at two very different energy inputs (EI) of 60 and 320 J/mm. The weld geometries were investigated using optical m...
In this study, ultra-high-strength steels, namely, cold-hardened austenitic stainless steel AISI 301 and martensitic abrasion-resistant steel AR600, as base metals (BMs) were butt-welded using a disk laser to evaluate the microstructure, mechanical properties, and effect of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) at 250 °C of the dissimilar joints. The wel...
The present study is focused on joining two ultra-high strength steels plates of 3 mm thickness using laser-welding. Abrasion resistant steel with martensitic structure, tensile strength (Rm) ≥ 2 GPa, and cold-deformed austenitic stainless steel, Rm 1.3 GPa, were used for the dissimilar butt joints. Two different laser energy inputs, 160 and 320 J/...
Dissimilar laser welding of ferritic, type EN 1.4509, and austenitic, type EN 1.4307, stainless steel sheets was conducted at different energy inputs 30 and 80 J/mm and under different shield gases Ar and N and without shielding gas to evaluate the microstructure and hardness of the welded zone. The formability tests, using Erichsen principle, were...
The tensile-shear strength of laser-welded lap joints developed in abrasion resistance ultra-high strength ARS-600 steel was optimized by evaluating the joints achieved with different welding parameters and various configurations of weld patterns, including multiple continuous longitudinal and transverse weldments. The microstructural evolution of...
This paper investigates the effect of the energy input on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of laser-welded dissimilar lap joints of cold work-hardened austenitic stainless steel (CW-ASS) and martensitic abrasion resistant steel (AR600). Microstructure characterization of the welds was conducted using optical microscopy and ele...
The paper investigates experimentally the usability of ultra-high-strength stainless steel and abrasion resistant steel in laser-welded sandwich structures. The fatigue and shear strength of laser joints were investigated using lap joints that were welded using two very different energy inputs. Also the effect of multiple weld tracks was investigat...
This study is to investigate the microstructure and the mechanical properties (hardness, strength, fatigue resistance) of laser welded double-lap joints from two different steels, ultra-high strength abrasion resistant steel (AR400) and low strength structural (S355 MC) steels. The laser welding was conducted at two different energy density 170 and...
The circular honeycomb structures are made of formed thin sheet for the lightweight structure. In the muff joint the muff must be pressed in the circular honeycomb structure. There can be problem with the adhesive friction and bonding during the installation pressing of the muff. The idea is that the structure is designed a bit loose and the diamet...
The paper presents an experimental study of usability of a friction drilled and form tapped bolt joints in ultra-high-strength abrasion resistant steel structures. Test material in this study was 2 mm thick ultra-high-strength abrasion resistant steel with nominal hardness of 400 HBW. The tensile strength and fatigue resistance of a single bolt joi...
The study was performed to investigate the usability of thin 0.3 mm thick ultra-high-strength stainless spring steel in laser-welded simple panel structures. The mechanical properties of the laser welded joints in lap-shear specimens were investigated. The fatigue and shear strength of laser joints were experimentally investigated using continuous...
The study was aimed to clarify the shear strength and the normal strength properties of the lap joint. The welds were characterized with respect to hardness, tensile and fatigue properties. The test materials of this study were low strength carbon steel (LSS) and ultra high strength wear resistant steel (UHSS). The shear strength, perpendicular str...
The study was performed to investigate the bending resistance of laser-welded sandwich panels (Vf-core). The main aim of the study was to determine the effect of the tensile strength on bending strength of the panel structures. Panels were manufactured using an ultra-high strength (UHS) and low strength (LS) steels with yield strengths of 1200 and...
The laser welding is usable method for joining thin plates with low energy input and precise penetration control. When joining of very thin sheets such as 0.5 mm the shape of the weld must be complete in order to achieve a good strength of the joint. The part of the test welds were welded without shielding gas and other part of the test welds by us...
This study was employed to investigate the buckling effect for a single Vf corrugated core. Brief and simple designing method is developed for UHS sandwich structure. This method is based on simplified calculation of slenderness ratio integrated with FEM simulation. Method is developed for studying the local buckling resistance of sandwich structur...
According to previous studies the careful argon shielding of the weld is very important in order to achieve a ductile and formable laser weld of Ti-stabilized ferritic stainless steel. In practice it is often difficult to use the root gas shielding of the laser weld. The aim of this study was to determine the sufficient practise of gas shielding in...
This study demonstrates applying laser heat treatment for reversion treatments of cold-formed AISI 301LN. Sheets were cold- rolled to final thicknesses of 1.5 and 3mm (65pct reduction), having martensite fraction of 70-95%. Sheets were heated locally by a laser beam to various peak temperatures to obtain different degrees of martensite reversion to...
Corrugated core steel panels are an effective way to reduce weight and increase stiffness of steel structures. In numerous applications, these panels have shown very promising commercial possibilities. This study presents the design, manufacturing and commercializing process for two practical examples: Case 1) a fly wheel cover for a diesel engine...
In this work UHS structural and abrasion resistant (AR) steels were heat treated with a single 4kW Yb: YAG–laser beam. Aim of the softening heat treatments was to enhance the formability locally with minimized strength lose. 1.8mm thick B24CR boron steel was used for hardening tests. Study presents the possibilities and limitations in laser process...
![Fig. 5. Bending strength [kN/m] in a) transverse, b) 45 degree and c)...](profile/Antti-Jaervenpaeae/publication/272637888/figure/fig4/AS:303923597463555@1449472440797/Bending-strength-kN-m-in-a-transverse-b-45-degree-and-c-longitudinal-loading_Q320.jpg)
Sandwich panel structures are increasingly used in applications where the most important demands are the weight saving and long service life. Utilizing sandwich panels, extremely light-weight, stiff and robust structures can be manufactured. In this study, sandwich panels were produced by specially designed cost-effective forming tools. Various kin...
This study demonstrates applying local laser heat treatment to produce ultrafine-grained austenite (UFGA) structures in an AISI 301LN type commercial austenitic steel. Pieces of 50% cold-rolled sheets containing more than 90% strain-induced martensite were heated locally by a laser beam to various peak temperatures to obtain different degrees of ma...
Traditionally forming tools for a press are machined with a CNC-machine. This is quite time consuming - calculating tool tracks, selecting cutting tools, cutting blanks, design fixation and finally machining - especially for a small batch of parts. One alternative method is to cut a die and a draw punch tools from a blank sheet and bunching the pla...
In this work abrasion resistant (AR) steel with a sheet thickness of 6 mm was heat treated by a 4 kW Nd:YAG and a 4 kW Yb:Yag-laser, followed by self-quenching. In the delivered condition, test material blank (B27S) is water quenched from 920° C. In this condition, fully martensitic microstructure provides excellent hardness of over 500 HB. The tes...
