Mikko Grönlund

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• Research Manager at University of Turku

Koronapandemia lisäsi ajankohtaisen ja luotettavan tiedon tarvetta niin kansalaisten arjessa kuin kriisin viranomaishallinnassa. Tiedotusvälineet asemoituivat uuteen tilanteeseen: niiden odotettiin toimivan vastuullisesti ja osaltaan hillitsevän terveyskriisin pahenemista, mutta samalla tarkastelevan viranomaisten ja muiden päättäjien toimia kriitt...

The multi-tiered shareholder identification and registration systems are dominant within the European Union member States, but in the Nordic countries, the holding structure is based on a direct holding model. Share registers of all listed companies are public, so basically, anyone may have a full outlook on the corporate ownership structure whenev...

A decline in European students’ interest in STEM subjects, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic’s disruption of education, has raised concerns about the continent’s future workforce. To address this challenge, this study investigates the efficacy of the BIG GAME project methodology, a cooperative story-driven digital game approach designed to engag...

Audiences’ declining trust in legacy media, including PSM, has been a concern for several decades. The Nordics have been a region where media trust is still strong–despite the worldwide economic challenges of journalism, the prominence of global platforms, and increasing threats posed by disinformation in national media markets. A lesser-researched...

The study explores the journalistic role perceptions and role performance of local interloper media practitioners in Finland. The examined media include non-commercial outlets funded by a city administration or other local authorities as well as commercial online-only outlets. The outlets are conceptualised as interlopers because they apply journal...

This research report examines the current state of the concentration of news media ownership and its impact on media content in Finland, as well as ways to regulate the concentration and its effects. The focus is on journalistic media. National players continue to have a crucial role in the Finnish media. While digital platforms are growing, tra...

The Nordic countries have been regarded as so-called “media welfare states.” Despite the large amount of public money used on press subsidies over the decades in the Nordic countries, there is not much academic research on the financial performance of the newspaper publishing industry in these countries. This study examines the “media welfare state...

Tämä raportti tarjoaa katsauksen kahteen vuonna 2023 toteutettuun kyselytutkimukseen, joissa on yhtäältä tarkasteltu mediapäättäjien näkemyksiä suomalaisesta journalismin kentästä, toisaalta kysytty yleisöjen mielipiteitä median vallasta, vastuusta ja luottamuksesta. Selvitimme, miten suomalaiset mediapäättäjät näkevät luottamuksen journalistiseen...

Ever since the launch of the World Press Freedom Index almost 20 years ago, Finland has always been among the top fi ve countries of that index. According to the annual Reuters Digital News reports, Finnish people also have the highest level of trust in the news media and one of the highest levels of press readership in the EU. Most of the media co...

Digitalization of content challenges legacy media products, such as newspapers, and contributes to market exit and consolidation across geographical markets. Media market structures are changing continuously and the observation of increasing market concentration is not at all a new one. A meta-analysis of previous research on market and ownership c...

Koronapandemia on nostanut esiin tiedontuotannon ja tiedon leviämisen monimutkaisuuden ja tiedon epävarmuuden keskellä olemisen sekä asiantuntijatiedon haastamisen. Vaikka ammattimaisen uutismedian rooli on ollut merkittävä, tietoa pandemiasta ja sen ehkäisystä ja hoidosta ovat tarjonneet myös lukuisat muut viralliset ja epäviralliset lähteet. Täs...

The purpose of the present study was to measure the economic contribution of copyright industries to the Finnish economy in 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 using the World Intellectual Property Organization’s (WIPO) revised methodology in this measurement and to compare the Finnish findings to the results of similar studies completed in other count...

This paper explores the blurring boundaries between local journalism, strategic and marketing communications and civic information. The study at hand produces new knowledge regarding the conceptions and practices that are emerging in the middle ground between local journalism and communications. The data consist of 10 thematic in-depth interviews w...

In this chapter, we present an overview of hyperlocal media business models in a global media environment. Our aim is to analyze operational rationales, with a specific focus on long-term survival and resilience. Hyperlocal media is a new addition to local media ecosystems and has been discussed as an important element for building a feeling of bel...

The article examines Finnish news professionals’ views on the ethical challenges that ensue from emerging and intertwining forms of local professional journalism and communications. Besides describing the current situation, the article employs data from a survey of editors-in-chief to investigate how news professionals anticipate the relationship b...

This chapter explores how three Scandinavian legacy media companies have reinvented their business models to focus on creating value for digital subscribers. They have developed similar strategies to measure value, for instance, with tailor-made analytical systems that are attuned to the editorial goals of the newsroom. In general, metrics-based au...

The aim of the Road to freedom research project was to fnd out how the Finnish news media are dependent on the technology giants of Silicon Valley, mainly Meta (Facebook, Messenger, Instagram, Whatsapp), Alphabet (Google, Youtube, Android), Apple and Amazon. In this report we present an examination of whether the nature of dependence is disproporti...

The aim of the Road to freedom research project was to find out how the Finnish news media are dependent on the technology giants of Silicon Valley, mainly Meta (Facebook, Messenger, Instagram, Whatsapp), Alphabet (Google, Youtube, Android), Apple and Amazon. In this report we present an examination of whether the nature of dependence is disproport...

Platformisation: The penetration of infrastructures, economic processes, and governmental frameworks of digital platforms in different economic sectors and spheres of life as well as the reorganisation of cultural practices and imaginations around these platforms has changed media landscapes dramatically in the past decade—not only globally but als...

This article focuses on the role of passion in news journalism from a managerial perspective. The analysis is based on a data set of 40,621 web-based job advertisements obtained from Journalismjobs.com, from the year 2002 to 2017. The quantitative analysis shows that passion has been on the rise as only 4% of the job advertisements in 2002 asked fo...

Cross-ownership has gained more attention since the Millennium. The effects of cross-ownership have been incorporated into standard game theoretical models, altering the traditional concentration measures and hence also the relationship between concentration and profitability. Empirical research on the effects of cross-ownership on concentration an...

Local journalism and communication is in a changing state, with new communication channels and actors coming to the field. In this situation, the question of the blurring boundaries of local journalism and communications has arisen. To examine this phenomenon, this report addresses the ethical principles, practices and motives of local journalism a...

Researchers and academics in media economics and management with a Northern European affiliation have played a major role in the development of the field and in creating strong international networks, including The World Media Economics and Management Conference (WMEMC) and European Media Management Association (emma). The chapter provides an overv...

The aims, functions and work practices of hyperlocal start-ups and citizen- or community-initiated information sharing vary. We know little about how hyperlocal practitioners’ perceptions of their roles are constructed as a part of wider media ecosystems. This article examines how Nordic and Russian hyperlocal practitioners define their roles, focu...

This research report examines the development of Finnish media and communications policy and the media industry from three perspectives. It analyses the media economy and business, the access of citizens to media services and media pluralism. The analyses are based on the indicators outlined in the previous study (Ala-Fossi et al. 2018). The focus...

This chapter reports on two Finnish cases based on recently commissioned research projects on media management: a study focusing on the state of media and communications policy in Finland, and a three-study project on new business models in news media (focusing on Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the United States and Germany). A public authority, the M...

The Association of Finnish Non-fiction Writers commissioned this study, and the Brahea Centre at the University of Turku conducted it. The study describes the financial position of non-fiction writers in 2018. Its purpose was to get information on their income earned through literary work, and other sources of income related to the non-fiction writ...

In the Nordic countries, local and regional newspapers have functioned as keystone media. This article examines the emergence of hyperlocal initiatives as part of evolving local media ecosystems in Finland, analysing the extent and characteristics of hyperlocal media, and how they relate to wider changes in the Finnish media ecosystem. The data gat...

This paper focuses on media innovation among publishers of metropolitan newspapers in the United States, in cities such as San Diego, Boston, Miami, Philadelphia and Dallas. The situation for metropolitan newspapers is difficult, as they fall between national newspapers, which can aim for extending their reach both nationally and globally, and loca...

The purpose of this study is to analyse how the digital environment affects the ecosystem of news media in Germany. We explore how the business operations of news organizations, especially newspapers, are changing. This report offers a fresh perspective on new business models and forms of revenue in Germany, which can be utilized by the Finnish new...

The newspaper publishing industry in Europe is undergoing a transition and is confronted with serious challenges from the increasing role of the Internet and the hereto-related changes in media consumption habits. Europe is a region, where Internet usage not only has been on a relatively high level but also increased substantially with likely effec...

The Union of Finnish Writers commissioned this study, and the Brahea Centre at the University of Turku conducted it. The study describes the financial position of Finnish book authors in 2017. Its purpose was to get information on their income earned through literary work, and other sources of income related to the writer's work. In addition, the s...

The article focuses on innovation and social media strategies in newspaper companies in the US and three Scandinavian countries (Sweden, Norway and Denmark). Many previous studies have focused on the state of journalism and media industry in single countries, although media have distinct features in different countries. Through the comparative sett...

The state of media- and communications policy and how to measure it Final report This research project has been commissioned by the Ministry of Transport and Communications as part of the preparation of the government’s new media policy program and has been conducted in cooperation with media and communication policy stakeholders. Its aim was to p...

The purpose of the present study was to measure the economic contribution of copyright-based industries to the Finnish economy in 2013, 2014 and 2015 using the World Intellectual Property Organization’s (WIPO) revised methodology in this measurement and to compare the Finnish findings to the results of similar studies completed in other countries.

NEW BUSINESS MODELS IN U.S. NEWS MEDIA The purpose of this study is to analyse how the digital environment affects the ecosystem of news media in the United States. We explore how the business operations of news organizations, especially newspapers, are changing. This report offers a comparative perspective on new business models and forms of reven...

This chapter provides a summary of the contemporary market structure, recent development of news media markets and of the main features of the hitherto outlined innovation policies in Finland. The development of the market concentration of media sector is featured along the main subsectors, i.e. newspaper publishing, television and radio broadcasti...

Health technology is the fastest growing field of high technology in Finland. However, developing new products, keeping up with the regulatory environment and finding new markets can be challenging in the highly regulated and rapidly changing healthcare environment. This paper presents the results of a financial analysis and a survey conducted amon...

Health technology is the fastest growing high technology field in Finland. However, developing new products, getting international or finding new markets can be challenging in the highly regulated and rapidly changing healthcare environment. This paper presents issues in healthcare as a business environment. A financial analysis was conducted to ge...

Perinteisen median vaikeudet eri puolilla maailmaa ovat pitkälti seurausta mainostajien valinnoista ja yleisön muuttuvista median kulutustavoista, mitkä johtuvat suurelta osin digitaalisen teknologian nopeasta kehityksestä ja erityisesti internetin tarjoamia mahdollisuuksia hyödyntävien uusien liiketoimintamallien esiinmarssista. Viime vuosina muut...

Suomen meriklusteri on merellisten elinkeinojen muodostama kokonaisuus, jossa toimii noin 3 000 yritystä. Tutkimukseen saatiin analysoitavaksi tilinpäätöstiedot hieman yli 1 500 yrityksestä, joiden merisektoriin liittyvien toimintojen yhteenlaskettu liikevaihto vuonna 2014 oli noin 12,7 miljardia euroa. Aineiston yritysten merisektoriin liittyvien...

This handbook has been written as a result of the research done in the "CreBiz - Business Development Laboratory Study Module for Creative Industries" project. The objective of the Study Module is to enhance the business knowledge of undergraduate and graduate students of arts, humanities and media and communications, i.e. individuals, who have pot...

This report studies the role of high-impact firms in the Finnish business environment from an ecosystems perspective. We study six clusters of firms representing the creative, environmental, experience, health, ICT, and maritime sectors. Our research team identified 1,572 SMEs that met the criteria for high-impact firms, accounting for 5 percent of...

Media ownership and concentration has major implications for politics, business, culture, regulation, and innovation. It is also a highly contentious subject of public debate in many countries around the world. In Italy, Silvio Berlusconi's companies have dominated Italian politics. Televisa has been accused of taking cash for positive coverage of...

With a dataset from all 20 Finnish regions spanning a time period from 1950 to 2010, this article analyses how the market share mobility index in newspaper circulation and ownership has developed over time and whether entry and exit have played any significant role therein. It compares the results obtained at the ownership level with those of the n...

This article is concerned with changing online strategies in newspaper publishing. It examines the situation through the case of Finland, a country with an exceptionally high rate of printed press circulation. Despite declining readership, newspapers have still maintained a relatively stable economic position. Newspaper publishers have not rushed i...

Este artículo trata sobre las cambiantes estrategias en línea en la edición de diarios. Examina la situación a través del caso de Finlandia, un país con un índice muy alto de circulación de diarios impresos. A pesar del descenso en el número de lectores, los diarios finlandeses han mantenido una posición económica relativamente estable. Sus gerente...

In Belgium, the Flemish and French Community governments have developed different approaches to innovation in the media industries. Whereas the French Community enacted media (cross-)ownership regulation as part of a more interventionist approach, the Flemish government adopted a market-based approach and believed that strong domestic media organis...

This Handbook explores the economic features of the media and its infrastructure to provide readers with a sophisticated understanding of the critical issues and their influence on companies, audiences and regulators. The contributors explore and explain the impact of underlying factors such as multi-sided platforms, advertising and industry struct...

The book Sanomalehti uudessa mediamaisemassa [The newspaper in the new media landscape] discusses the current and future newspaper publishing challenges using Finnish newspaper industry as a case. Topics covered include e.g. the challenges from convergence, the changing reading habits, changing media regulation, changes in journalistic work and way...

Theoretical research has modelled the existence of so-called advertising-circulation spirals of newspapers. The present article examines the existence and shape of the growth functions of circulation for leading regional newspapers in Finland, and assesses their effects on their competitors. The article also provides results on the household covera...

Syftet med denna artikel är att ge insyn i den regionala marknaden för dagstidningar i Finland. Artikeln visar hur marknadsandelarna för regionernas ledande dagstidningarna utvecklats över tiden. När dessa uppgifter studeras i ljuset av tidningarnas hushållstäckning får vi en rätt nyanserad bild over det livsutrymme som de övriga tidningarna har på...

This article studies the market concentration in newspaper publishing and the household coverage of the regionally leading newspapers. Our results shed light on the level of convergence of the market shares of the leading regional newspapers, and especially on the possibilities of the smaller or minority newspapers to survive. The situation of Swed...

The purpose of this paper is to study how the newspaper industry in Finland responds to the challenges arising from technological change and socio-economic transformation. For the newspaper industry, media convergence represents enormous challenges but also possibilities to utilize new platforms and contents to serve new consumer needs. Characteriz...

In the midst of technological developments and changes in the behaviour of consumers and advertisers, media firms are responding by clustering and vertical integration, thus shaping media landscapes into an increasingly complex network, in which it is difficult to delineate between separate markets. This article describes and analyses the main fact...

This article explores the factors that contribute to the success of local commercial radio stations in Finland. Although the average station loses money, a few stations are profitable, and this study explores the reasons for their success. The study found that successful stations were less dependent on national advertising, spent less on major cost...

This working paper explores the financial performance of commercial radio in Sweden, continuing previous research on developments in that industry. It is part of several related projects being undertaken by research fellows and associates who are investigating broadcasting policy, market developments, and effects at the Media Management and Transfo...

This study assesses the economic importance of copyright industries to the European economy and those of individual nations in the year 2000. The copyright industries are critically important to the European Community because they involve media, cultural, and knowledge industries. Development in the industries is indicative of performance in post-i...

This article continues the ongoing line of research into issues of service quality and customer satisfaction and is based on telephone interviews of 1,637 customers of 55 Finnish printing companies. The data was gathered through a questionnaire that was designed to explore importance ratings, performance ratings and problem experiences. In the firs...

This study represents the first major effort to identify the size, scope, and competitiveness of publishing industries within the European Union.The research was commissioned by the Directorate-General for Industry, under supervision of the unit looking after the Forest-based and Related Industries, of the European Commission in an effort to identi...