Mikhail L Rabinovich

Russian Academy of Sciences | RAS · bioenergetics

Cove page: The cover shows the in the one-pot conversion of free fatty acids and triglycerides, a lipase producing recombinant Aspergillus oryzae immobilized on matrix (sponge like matrix) can directly convert to bio-diesel from mixture of substrate. The cover is prepared by Jerome Amoah, Emmanuel Quayson, Shinji Hama, Ayumi Yoshida, Tomohisa Hasun...

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by injured cell powerhouses, mitochondria may lead to the development of heavy neuronal disorders of both chronic (Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, etc.) and acute brain injury followed by a secondary neuronal damage and death over time. Once a mitochondrion is injured, a phospholipid constituent of its i...

This paper reviews the origin, distribution and composition of hydrolysis lignin, a large-scale by-product of the hydrolysis industry that operated in the Soviet Union and several eastern European countries from 1930s to the end of 1990s. The fundamental and industrial aspects of the production of various types of powdered and granular carbon adsor...

This paper reviews the origin,distribution and composition of hydrolysis lignin,a large-scale by-product of the hydrolysis industry that operated in the Soviet Union and several eastern European countries from 1930s to the end of 1990s.The fundamental and ndustrial aspects of the production of various types of powdered and granular carbon adsorbent...

The development of new biorefineries and large scale second generation biofuel production from lignocellulosic feedstock will result in the formation of millions of tons of lignin by-products annually. Although many applications are now being developed for the utilization of the produced lignin in the manufacturing of new materials, it is not yet c...

Extracellular fungal flavocytochrome cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a promising enzyme for both bioelectronics and lignocellulose bioconversion. A selective high-throughput screening assay for CDH in the presence of various fungal oxidoreductases was developed. It is based on Prussian Blue (PB) in situ formation in the presence of cellobiose (<0...

—Samples of South Vietnamese soils intensely treated with Agent Orange defoliant were tested for the presence of fungi and actinomycetes with an elevated phenol oxidase activity. As a result, a fast-growing nonsporulating strain producing neutral phenol oxidases was isolated and identified asMycelia sterilia INBI2-26. The strain formed extracellula...

Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is an extracellular fungal flavocytochrome specifically oxidizing cellooligosaccharides and lactose to corresponding (-lactones by a variety of electron acceptors. In contrast to basidiomycetous CDHs, CDHs of ascomycetes also display certain activity toward glucose. The objective of this study was to establish the str...

Putative cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) genes are frequently discovered in various fungi by genome sequencing projects. The expression of CDH, an extracellular flavocytochrome, is well studied in white rot basidiomycetes and is attributed to extracellular lignocellulose degradation. CDH has also been reported for plant-pathogenic or saprotrophic as...

The main objectives, feedstock, processes and spectra of products (commodities, specialties, fine chemicals, including pharmaceuticals as by-products of lignin) manufactured by the Soviet and Russian hydrolysis industry for over 75 years are briefly overviewed. The limitations and the difficulties that might have affected this type of industry are...

Trends in the Russian pharmaceutical biotechnology and related fields representing the major sector of domestic biotech are reviewed through the prism of the world biopharmaceuticals market. A special emphasis is placed on biogenerics and follow-on biologics. The revival of national pharmbiotech is seen in close cooperation between private companie...

Amorphous cellulose was used as a specific carrier for the deposition of self-assembled multienzyme complexes capable of catalyzing coupled reactions. Naturally glycosylated fungal cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) of glycosyl hydrolase families 6 and 7 were specifically deposited onto the cellulose surface through their family I cellulose-binding modules...

The cellulolytic activity of an alkaliphilic obligate anaerobic bacterium, Z-7026, which was isolated from the microbial community of soda-lake sediments and belongs to the cluster III of Clostridia with low G+C content, was studied. The bacterium was capable of growing in media with cellulose or cellobiose as the sole energy sources. Its maximal g...

The extracellular cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) obtained from Chaetomium sp. INBI 2-26(-) has a molecular mass of 95 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5. This novel CDH is highly specific for the oxidation of cellobiose (K(m,app) 4.5 microM) and lactose (K(m,app) 56 microM). With 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP) and cytochrome c(3+) (cyt c(3+)) as elec...

Development of national research of cellulose-degrading microorganisms and enzymes is reviewed, with emphasis on the prospects of producing ethanol from cellulose materials using cellulolytic enzymes. Leading Russian research groups in this field are introduced. A section of the review analyzes problems and prospects of setting up environmentally f...

Development of domestic studies of cellulose-degrading microorganisms and enzymes is reviewed, with emphasis on the prospects of producing ethanol from cellulose materials using cellulolytic enzymes. Domestic research groups leading in the field are presented. A section of the review analyzes problems and prospects of setting up ecologically safe p...

Laccase-negative filamentous fungus INBI 2-26(-) isolated from non-sporulating laccase-forming fungal association INBI 2-26 by means of protoplast technique was identified as Chaetomium sp. based on partial sequence of its rRNA genes. In the presence of natural cellulose sources, the strain secreted neutral cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) activity b...

A group of researchers have, as Chaetomium sp., found a new CDH enzyme in an organism they determined to be a species of Chaetomium filamentous fungus. The cellulase system of the Chaetomium sp. consisted of four major proteins (Mr 200, 95, 65 and 55 K) based on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was found to be capable of reducing dichloro...

Nonsporulating mycelial fungi producing cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) and isolated from soils of South Vietnam with high residual content of dioxins are capable of growing on a solid medium in the presence of high atrazine concentrations (to 500 mg/l). At 20 and 50 mg/l atrazine, the area of fungal colonies was 1.5-1.2-fold larger, respectively, c...

The review deals with transformation of natural and synthetic aromatic compounds by fungi (causative agents of white rot, brown rot, and soft rot, as well as soil filamentous fungi). Major enzyme types involved in the transformation of lignin and aromatic xenobiotics are discussed, with emphasis on activity regulation under the conditions of second...

The growth of nonsporulating mycelial fungi INBI 2-26(+), a producer of laccase; INBI 2-26(–), a producer of cellobiose dehydrogenase; and their mixed culture on lignin–carbohydrate substrates under conditions of submerged fermentation was studied. The degrees of degradation of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose of cut straw over 23 days amounted...

The review deals with transformation of natural and synthetic aromatic compounds by fungi (causative agents of white rot, brown rot, or soft rot, as well as soil filamentous fungi). Major enzyme types involved in the transformation of lignin and aromatic xenobiotics are discussed, with emphasis on activity regulation under the conditions of seconda...

The growth of nonsporulating mycelial fungi INBI 2-26(+), producer of laccase; INBI 2-26(-), producer of cellobiose dehydrogenase; and their mixed culture on lignin-carbohydrate substrates under conditions of submerged fermentation were studied. The degrees of degradation of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose of cut straw over 23 days amounted to...

A nonsporulating fungus isolated from dioxin-containing tropical soils forms cellobiose dehydrogenase when grown in media supplemented by a source of cellulose. The enzyme purified to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE (yield, 43%) had an Mr of 95 kDa; its pH optimum was in the range 5.5–7.0; more than 50% activity was retained at pH 4.0–8.0 (citrate–phosphat...

A nonsporulating fungus isolated from dioxine-containing tropical soils forms cellobiose dehydrogenase, when grown in media supplemented by a source of cellulose. The enzyme purified to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE (yield, 43%) had an M(r) of 95 kDa; its pH optimum was in the range 5.5-7.0; more than 50% activity was retained at pH 4.0-8.0 (citrate-phos...

White rot fungi (Coriolus hirsutus, Coriolus zonatus, and Cerrena maxima from the collection of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and filamentous fungi (Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26 and Trichoderma reesei 6/16) were grown on oat straw-based liquid and solid media, as well as in a bench-scale reactor, either individua...

White rot fungi (Coriolus hirsutus, Coriolus zonatus, and Cerrena maxima from the collection of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and filamentous fungi (Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26 and Trichoderma reesei6/16) were grown on oat straw–based liquid and solid media, as well as in a bench-scale reactor, either individual...

The relative content of antioxidants in the mycelium of Trichoderma reesei 6/16 obtained by propagation of fungal protoplasts was shown to decrease (as compared to the initial culture taken for preparation of protoplasts) and restored only in the second generation of regenerated mycelium. In this respect, the effects of various antioxidants (beta-c...

Asporogenic fungus Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26 isolated from tropical soils with high residual dioxin content (as a result of Agent Orange defoliant treatment during the Vietnamese-American war) and capable of atrazine decomposition was treated to obtain protoplasts. This technique resulted in isolation of laccase-positive and laccase-negative clone...

The modern structural classification of polysaccharases comprising cellulase-hemicellulase enzyme systems is discussed. Their catalytic domains are currently grouped into 15 of more than 80 known glycosyl hydrolase families, whereas substrate binding domains fall into 13 families. The structures of catalytic and substrate binding domains, as well a...

The relative content of antioxidants in the mycelium of Trichoderma reesei 6/16 obtained by propagation of fungal protoplasts was shown to decrease (as compared to the initial culture taken for preparation of protoplasts) and restored only in the second generation of regenerated mycelium. In this respect, the effects of various antioxidants (ß-caro...

Asporogenic fungus Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26 isolated from tropical soils with high residual dioxin content (as a result of Agent Orange defoliant treatment during the Vietnamese–American war) and capable of atrazine decomposition was treated to obtain protoplasts. This technique resulted in isolation of laccase-positive and laccase-negative clone...

Compositions of cellulase-hemicellulase systems of aerobic fungi (hyphomycetes, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes), aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, as well as anaerobic fungi and bacteria, are considered in the context of modern structural classification of glycosyl hydrolases. A new nomenclature of cellulases and relative enzymes based on their str...

The effect of herbicide atrazine was studied on the growth and development of a number of soil and wood decay fungi: white-rot basidiomycetes (Cerrena maxima, Coriolopsis fulvocenerea, and Coriolus hirsutus), thermophilic micromycetes from self-heating grass composts (cellulolytic fungus Penicillium sp. 13 and noncellulolytic ones Humicola lanugino...

The effect of herbicide atrazine was studied on the growth and development of a number of soil and wood decay fungi: white-rot basidiomycetes (Cerrena maxima, Coriolopsis fulvocenerea, and Coriolus hirsutus), thermophilic micromycetes from self-heating grass composts (cellulolytic fungus Penicilliumsp. 13 and noncellulolytic ones Humicola lanuginos...

Compositions of cellulase-hemicellulase systems of aerobic fungi (hyphomycetes, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes), aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, as well as anaerobic fungi and bacteria, are considered in the context of the modern structural classification of glycosyl hydrolases. A new nomenclature of cellulases and relative enzymes based on their...

The use of membrane technologies in the production of soft cheese (children's food) is associated with the appearance of up to 80% of angiogenin in the ultrafiltrate. An electrophoretically homogeneous preparation of angiogenin (MW approximately 17 kDa) was obtained from milk ultrafiltrate by two-stage ion-exchange chromatography. The yield of the...

Compositions of cellulase-hemicellulase systems of aerobic fungi (hyphomycetes, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes), aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, as well as anaerobic fungi and bacteria, are considered in the context of modern structural classification of glycosyl hydrolases. A new nomenclature of cellulases and relative enzymes based on their str...

The modern structural classification of polysaccharases comprising cellulase-hemicellulase enzyme systems is discussed. Their catalytic domains are currently grouped into 15 of more than 80 known glycosyl hydrolase families, whereas substrate binding domains fall into 13 families. The structures of catalytic and substrate binding domains, as well a...

The interaction between atrazine, a triazine herbicide, and a series of decay fungi was characterized in terms of biodegradation of the herbicide and its influence on fungal growth. The following fungi were studied: thermophilic cellulolytic (Penicillium sp. 13) and noncellulolytic (Humicola lanuginosa sp. 5 and 12) strains isolated from self‐heate...

Samples of South Vietnamese soils intensely treated with Agent Orange defoliant were tested for the presence of fungi and actinomycetes with elevated phenol oxidase activity. As a result, fast-growing non-sporulating strain producing neutral phenol oxidases was isolated and identified as Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26. The strain formed extracellular p...

In order to reduce the total enzyme consumption in high-solids static hydrolysis of nonwashed steam-exploded willow Salix caprea by mixed cellulase of Trichoderma reesei + Aspergillus foetidus, two different approaches were proposed. In the first case, the enzyme activity adsorbed on residual solids after extended hydrolysis was used for hydrolysis...

In order to reduce the total enzyme consumption in high-solids static hydrolysis of nonwashed steam-exploded willowSalix caprea by mixed cellulase ofTrichoderma reesei + Aspergillus foetidus, two different approaches were proposed. In the first case, the enzyme activity adsorbed on residual solids after extended hydrolysis was used for hydrolysis o...

A laboratory reactor equipped with a screw press was used for hydrolysis of steam-SO2 exploded willow Salix caprea by a composition of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus foetidus enzyme preparations at high substrate concentrations. Optimal conditions providing the maximal volume of hydrolysis syrup with maximal sugar concentrations were determined...

A laboratory reactor equipped with a screw press was used for the hydrolysis of steam-SO2-exploded willowSalix caprea by a composition ofTrichoderma reesei andAspergillus foetidus enzyme preparations at high substrate concentration. Optimal conditions providing the maximal volume of hydrolysis syrup with maximal sugar concentrations were determined...

A specific antiserum to the noncatalytic part of cellobiohydrolase I from Trichoderma reesei was obtained by exhaustion of rabbit antiserum to the native enzyme with its catalytic domain prepared by papain treatment of cellobiohydrolase I tightly adsorbed onto microcrystalline cellulose.

The substrate specificity, optimal activity, thermal stability, and amino acid composition of a low-molecular-weight cellulase of Clostridium thermocellum (35.5 kDa) isolated from the recombinant strain E. coli (pCU104) were studied. The enzyme did not hydrolyze 3F-methylumbelliferyl (MUF)-β-D-glucoside. However, it hydrolyzed 3F-MUF-cellobioside a...

The catalytic domain of cellobiohydrolase I from Trichoderma reesei has been obtained by papain treatment of the native enzyme adsorbed onto the surface of microcrystalline cellulose. Both the intact and the truncated enzyme are almost equally active toward soluble fluorogenic derivatives of cellobi-, -tri-, -tetra-, and -pentaose, the fastest and...

Competitive enzyme immunoassay based on polyclonal antibodies can be used for determining the content of angiogenin in milk. These polyclonal antibodies had no cross-reactions with ribonuclease or other milk whey proteins. Milk angiogenin levels in samples taken fvom animals of a separate population varied from 2.09 to 4.85 mg/l. Unlike cow milk pr...

Competitive enzyme immunoassay based on polyclonal antibodies can be used for determining the content of angiogenin in milk. These polyclonal antibodies had no cross-reaction with ribonuclease or other milk whey proteins. Milk angiogenin levels in samples taken fvom animals of a separate population varied from 2.09 to 4.85 mg/l. Unlike cow milk pro...

Among more than 100 cellulolytic Streptomycetes isolated from high saline and carbonate soils of Goby desert, only 4 were capable to produce cellulases retaining measurable extracellular CMCase activity at pH 10 (0.12 – 0.35 IU/ml, 40 C). The most active enzymes, retaining at pH 10.6 ca. 50% of their activity at pH 7.5, were produced by strain 5/13...

Clostridium thermocellum cellobiohydrolase was isolated in preparative amounts from the recombinant strain of E. coli K12 C600 carrying plasmid pCU 304 with a C. thermocellum chromosomal DNA insertion. The isolation procedure included chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 44, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, rechromatography on Ultroge...

The properties of endoglucanase produced by the recombinant strain of E. coli carrying plasmid pCU 104 with a 2.9 kb insert of chromosomal DNA of C. thermocellum encoding the multiple forms of the 35.5 kD polypeptide (pI 4.3-4.7) were studied. The enzyme has a broad pH optimum of activity (6.0-7.5). The half-inactivation time for different forms of...

A novel approach has been developed for the titration of enzyme active centers and for the determination of the molecular activity of enzymes. It is based on the simultaneous use of a nonspecific chromogenic substrate and a specific ligand (a substrate or an inhibitor), the latter being tightly bound with the enzyme's active center. The approach is...

A simple and rapid method for determining the cellobiase activity in purified enzyme preparations was developed. It is based on a series of consecutive enzymatic reactions, i. e. hydrolysis of cellobiose by cellobiase, oxidation of the forming glucose by glucose oxidase, and formation of a dyed product under peroxidase action in the same reaction s...

The kinetics and action mechanism of the galactose oxidase from Fusarium graminearum were studied. pH-optimum of the enzyme activity and stability was 7.0, the activity and stability of the galactose oxidase being decreased at any other values of pH. The enzyme is destabilized at acidic pH that is connected with protonization of its ionogenic group...

It was shown experimentally that the increase in the adsorption ability of cellulases leads to a sharp increase of the rate of the enzymatic degradation of crystalline cellulose. At the same time the rate of degradation of amorphous cellulose does not depend on the adsorption ability of cellulases. These effects have been explained using a model wh...

The affinity of cellulolytic enzymes of various origin for microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in a column type reactor has been studied. It was shown that there exist two types of the enzymes differing in their ability to bind to cellulose and to degrade MCC. One group of cellulases is characterized by weak affinity for MCC and by a rather low degree...

The general regularities for the kinetics of enzymatic conversion of polymers were studied. It was proposed that the formal kinetic analysis of progress kinetic curves for enzymatic degradation of polymers inevitably results in the apparent effects of product inhibition, even in the case when the products are not virtually bound to the enzyme and t...

The production of glucose from cellulosic materials seems to have a very promising future. Food, chemical, and microbiological industries need an inexpensive source of glucose; and there exists a continually renewable supply of cellulose in the world. Cellulose processing also is closely connected with the utilization of domestic, industrial, and a...

In the last few years, the Laboratory of Chemical Enzymology in Moscow State University has been conducting intensive studies of kinetics and mechanisms of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials. Among the problems that ought to be resolved within the framework of this research program (1,2) is the role of the individual components of cellula...

A simple kinetic method for quantitative determination of glucose has been developed. The method is based on two enzyme reactions, catalyzed by glucose oxidase (E. C. 1.1.3.4) and peroxidase (E. C. 1.11.1.7). The advantages of the method are high sensitivity (up to 2 X 10(-5) M glucose in a sample) and rapidity (3-4 min per analysis). The method gi...