Mike Greenwood

Texas A&M University | TAMU · Department of Health and Kinesiology

Background: We previously reported that consuming a food bar (FB) containing whey protein and the plant fiber isomalto-oligosaccharides [IMO] had a lower glycemic (GI) but similar insulinemic response as a high GI carbohydrate. Therefore, we hypothesized that ingestion of this FB before, during, and following intense exercise would better maintain...

We previously reported that consuming a food bar (FB)containing whey protein and the plant fiber isomalto‐oligosaccharides [IMO] hada lower glycemic but similar insulinemic response as a high glycemic indexcarbohydrate. Therefore, we hypothesized that ingestion of this FB prior to, during, and following intense exercise would better maintain glucos...

Background: Sports nutrition is a constantly evolving field with hundreds of research papers published annually. In the year 2017 alone, 2082 articles were published under the key words 'sport nutrition'. Consequently, staying current with the relevant literature is often difficult. Methods: This paper is an ongoing update of the sports nutritio...

Resistance training and maintenance of a higher protein diet have been recommended to help older individuals maintain muscle mass. This study examined whether adherence to a higher protein diet while participating in a resistance-based exercise program promoted more favorable changes in body composition, markers of health, and/or functional capacit...

This study examined the glucose and insulin response of ingesting whey protein bars using a plant fiber (isomalto‐oligosaccharides, IMO) as the carbohydrate source. In a randomized and crossover manner, 10 healthy men and women (4 female, 6 male; BMI <24.9 kg/m ² ) donated fasting blood samples prior to ingesting two food bars (FB) each containing...

In a double-blind, crossover, randomized and placebo-controlled trial; 28 men and women ingested a placebo (PLA), 3 g of creatine nitrate (CNL), and 6 g of creatine nitrate (CNH) for 6 days. Participants repeated the experiment with the alternate supplements after a 7-day washout. Hemodynamic responses to a postural challenge, fasting blood samples...

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute ingestion of a pre-workout dietary supplement (PWS) with and without p-synephrine (S) on perceptions of readiness to perform, cognitive function, exercise performance, and markers of safety. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, and counterbalanced manner; 25 healthy and rec...

Background The purpose of this study was to examine whether ingesting a pre-workout dietary supplement (PWS) with and without synephrine (S) during training affects training responses in resistance-trained males. Methods Resistance-trained males (N = 80) were randomly assigned to supplement their diet in a double-blind manner with either a flavore...

Background The purpose was to survey dietary habits (DH) and nutrient timing (NT) practices of baseball student-athletes (mean ± SD; 20.7 ± 1.4 yr.) from three NCAA Division I institutions, and examine the effect of a sports dietitian (SD) in regard to nutrition practices. Methods Descriptive statistics and Pearson X2 analyses were run. Responses o...

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term effects of ingesting L-Carnitine supplement on exercise performance and blood lactate levels. Method In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design, 35 male participants (age = 25 ± 2 y; stature = 171 ± 6 cm; body mass = 79.8 ± 8.9 kg; percent body fat = 16.1 ± 5.53%; Contr...

Background To study the impact of L-carnitine supplementation on selected exercise-induced oxidative stress markers. Method Thirty-five male subjects (age = 25 ± 2 y; stature = 171 ± 6 cm; body mass = 79.8 ± 8.9 kg; percent body fat = 16.1 ± 5.53%; Control [CON] n = 12, Placebo [PLA] n = 11, L-carnitine [LCR] n = 12) took part in a randomized, plac...

In a double-blind, randomized and crossover manner, 25 resistance-trained participants ingested a placebo (PLA) beverage containing 12 g of dextrose and a beverage (RTD) containing caffeine (200 mg), β-alanine (2.1 g), arginine nitrate (1.3 g), niacin (65 mg), folic acid (325 mcg), and Vitamin B12 (45 mcg) for 7-days, separated by a 7–10-day. On da...

Position statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review regarding the timing of macronutrients in reference to healthy, exercising adults and in particular highly trained individuals on exercise performance and body composition. The following points summarize the position of the ISSN: 1. Nu...

Background: We examined the effects of ingesting two preworkout supplements (PWSs) on selective attention and response inhibition, perceived exercise readiness (herein, readiness), and exercise performance-related parameters. Methods: Resistance-trained participants (N = 19) were randomized to a double-blind, crossover (7-day washout) placebo (PLA)...

While commercial dietary weight-loss programs typically advise exercise, few provide actual programing. The goal of this study was to compare the Curves Complete 90-day Challenge (CC, n = 29), which incorporates exercising and diet, to programs advocating exercise (Weight Watchers Points Plus (WW, n = 29), Jenny Craig At Home (JC, n = 27), and Nutr...

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) and nitrate are popular supplements for improving exercise performance; yet have not been investigated in combination. We performed two studies to determine the safety and exercise performance-characteristics of creatine nitrate (CrN) supplementation. Study 1 participants (N = 13) ingested 1.5 g CrN (CrN-Low), 3 g CrN (Cr...

Background The purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term supplementation of a powdered tart cherry supplement prior to and following stressful endurance exercise would affect markers of muscle damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and/or muscle soreness. Methods 27 endurance-trained runners or triathlete (21.8 ± 3.9 years, 15.0 ±...

Background Limited research exists on the effect of a sports dietitian (SD) on athletes’ dietary habits and nutrient periodization, which is the deliberate manipulation of macronutrient intake to match training goals. Further, the difference in dietary habits between men and women collegiate athletes has been understudied. A survey questionnaire ex...

The incidence of muscle injuries is prevalent in elite sport athletes as well as weekend warriors and strategies that safely and effectively hasten recovery are highly desirable. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between three recovery methods after eliciting muscle damage in recreationally active men relative to maximal isok...

Effects of MusclePharm Assault BlackTM on lower extremity spinal excitability and postactivation potentiation: A pilot study Brian Wallace*, Haley Bergstrom, Kelly Wallace Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA Email: brian.wallace@uky.edu; brian.wallace@northern.edu Background: Caffeine h...

This study examined whether blood fatty acid levels, vitamin D status, and/or physical activity are associated with physical fitness scores; a measure of mood, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; and a measure of resiliency, Dispositional Resiliency Scale-15 in active duty Soldiers. 100 active duty males at Fort Hood, Texas, underwent a battery of psyc...

Background: Among professional pitchers, anthropometric changes and their effect on statistics are relatively unknown. Bivariate analyses and Repeated One- Way ANOVA evaluated the impact of physical size on baseball pitching statistics and attributes within an elite talent sample of Major League pitching leaders. Methods: BMI was calculated from...

Objective Commercial weight loss programs offer consumers a pre‐programmed means of managing weight. However, such programs differ in dietary advice and physical activity recommendations. The aim of this investigation was compare the Curves ® Complete 90‐day Challenge (CC), Weight Watchers ® Points Plus (WW), Jenny Craig ® At Home (JC), and Nutrisy...

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine whether short-term ingestion of a powdered tart cherry supplement prior to and following intense resistance-exercise attenuates muscle soreness and recovery strength loss, while reducing markers of muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Methods: Twenty-three healthy, resistance-tra...

Background: To examine the effect of protein-focused (PRO, 1.14 g/kg/day) and carbohydrate-focused (CHO, ∼2.2 g/kg/day) diets (∼1600 kcals) combined with 10 weeks of circuit exercise training in sedentary overweight/obese women (N = 661, age 46 ± 11 years) on metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed eight exercise training...

A CRITICAL COMPONENT OF RUNNING PERFORMANCE IS RUNNING ECONOMY (RE). SOME FACTORS THAT DETERMINE RE ARE UNABLE TO BE CHANGED THROUGH TRAINING, WHEREAS OTHER COMPONENTS OF RE CAN BE ALTERED THROUGH EXERCISE, WITH OTHER RE FACTORS BEING LESS MODIFIABLE THROUGH TRAINING. THE EFFECT OF FLEXIBILITY (FLX) ON RE IS LESS RESEARCHED AND NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD....

The purpose of this study was to determine if the co-ingestion of carbohydrate (CHO) with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) or L-leucine (LEU) preferentially affected serum IGF-1 and the expression of myogenic-related genes in response to resistance exercise (RE). Forty-one college-age males were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: CHO, CHO-BCAA, C...

POSITIVE ADAPTATIONS FROM TRAINING ONLY OCCUR WHEN RESTORATION EXCEEDS THE CATABOLIC DOSAGE RECEIVED DURING TRAINING. NUMEROUS FACTORS AFFECT RECOVERY, SUCH AS ADDITIONAL LIFE STRESS. THE CUMULATIVE STRESS CAN NEGATIVELY AFFECT RESTORATION, AS WELL AS PERFORMANCE. ONE UNIQUE SUPPLEMENT, PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE (PS), HAS UNIQUE PROPERTIES ON RECOVERY AND...

A nutrient-dense diet is a critical aspect in attaining optimal exercise training, recovery, and athletic performance outcomes. While including safe and effective nutritional supplements in the dietary design can be extremely helpful in promoting adequate caloric and nutrient ingestion, they are not a complete cure in promoting adequate caloric ing...

This new text presents the most up-to-date research based information regarding popular sport/performance nutrient dense diets and nutritional supplements and their constituents that directly or indirectly utilize them. Previous chapters have been fully revised and new chapters have been added to cover important cutting edge topics. New chapters in...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 3 treatment modes [Anti-Gravity Treadmill (G-trainer), stationary cycling (CompuTrainer), and static stretching] on the physiological and psychological recovery following an acute bout of exhaustive exercise. In a cross-over design, twelve aerobically-trained males (21.3±2.3 yrs., 72.1±8...

MANY SPORTS REQUIRE ATHLETES TO POSSESS BOTH STRENGTH AND POWER FOR OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE.HOWEVER, BECAUSE OF TIME CONSTRAINTS, IT IS OFTEN DIFFICULT FOR ATHLETES TO DEDICATE THE TIME NEEDED FOR BOTH THE TRAINING AND RECOVERY TO PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRENGTH AND POWER. COMPLEX TRAINING (CT) IS A METHODUSED TOENHANCE BOTH STRENGTH AND POWER IN T...

MANY SPORTS REQUIRE ATHLETES TO POSSESS BOTH STRENGTH AND POWER FOR OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE. HOWEVER, BECAUSE OF TIME CONSTRAINTS, IT IS OFTEN DIFFICULT FOR ATHLETES TO DEDICATE THE TIME NEEDED FOR BOTH THE TRAINING AND RECOVERY TO PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRENGTH AND POWER. COMPLEX TRAINING (CT) IS A METHOD USED TO ENHANCE BOTH STRENGTH AND POWER I...

The present study evaluated the effects of creatine monohydrate (CrM) consumption post-exercise on body composition and muscle strength in middle to older males following a 12-week resistance training program. In a double-blind, randomized trial, 20 males aged between 55 and 70 years were randomly assigned to consume either CrM-carbohydrate (CHO) [...

Extracts of Russian Tarragon (RT) have been reported to produce anti-hyperglycemic effects and influence plasma creatine (Cr) levels while supplementing with creatine monohydrate (CrM). The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine if short-term, low-dose aqueous RT extract ingestion prior to CrM supplementation influences whole body Cr re...

The factors that best account for differences in strength across all types of exercise, body types, and training histories are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of strength level and body composition on upper and lower-body work capacity in adult men. From a cohort of 295 adult men (25.6 ± 7.5 years, 178 ± 8 c...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 3 treatment modes [Anti-Gravity Treadmill (G-trainer), stationary cycling (CompuTrainer), and static stretching] on the physiological and psychological recovery following an acute bout of exhaustive exercise. In a cross-over design, twelve aerobically-trained males (21.3±2.3 yrs., 72.1±8...

Our knowledge on preparing the athlete for competition has increased dramatically over the years, especially in the field of sports nutrition. The foundation of any dietary regimen is centered on appropriate and healthy whole foods; however, certain athletes may wish to complement their diet with additional supplements to gain a performance advanta...

We sought to determine if hypertrophic training with intra-set rest intervals (ISR) produced greater gains in power compared to traditional (TRD) hypertrophic training. Twenty-two males (25±5yrs, 179.71±5.04cm, 82.1±10.6kg, 6.5±4.5yrs training) matched according to baseline characteristics were assigned to 12 weeks training using TRD or ISR. Body c...

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature on the safety and efficacy of the use of energy drinks (ED) or energy shots (ES). The ISSN has concluded the following. 1. Although ED and ES contain a number of nutrients that are purported to affect...

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) has been consistently reported to increase muscle creatine content and improve high-intensity exercise capacity. However, a number of different forms of creatine have been purported to be more efficacious than CrM. The purpose of this study was to determine if a buffered creatine monohydrate (KA) that has been purported t...

Background It has been well-established that creatine monohydrate (CrM) increases whole body creatine retention and muscle creatine content. Extracts of Russian Tarragon (RT) have been reported to produce anti-hyperglycemic effects and influence plasma creatine levels during the ingestion of CrM. Theoretically, RT ingestion with CrM may promote gre...

Background The improvement in anaerobic exercise capacity associated with supplementation with creatine monohydrate (CrM) has been well established. Extracts of Russian Tarragon (RT) have been reported to produce anti-hyperglycemic effects and influence plasma creatine levels during the ingestion of CrM. Theoretically, RT ingestion may enhance crea...

ABSTRACT: Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid found in cell membranes of most animals and plants. PS has been shown to reduce stress and increase performance in runners, cyclists and golfers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a PS containing formulation on cognitive function, mood and endocrine response before and af...

A number of diet and exercise programs purport to help promote and maintain weight loss. However, few studies have compared the efficacy of different methods. To determine whether adherence to a meal-replacement-based diet program (MRP) with encouragement to increase physical activity is as effective as following a more structured meal-plan-based d...