Mika Marttunen

Finnish Environment Institute | ymparisto · Freshwater Centre

Environmental management problems are often portfolio problems where the task is to find a set of actions that meets different objectives (e.g., the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions) and constraints (e.g., costs). We report experiences from deploying multiple operations research (OR) methods in a real decision-making setting and discuss the in...

The ecosystem service (ES) concept has increasingly been applied in environmental planning, while there are several decades of experience in applying multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in complex planning situations. The aim of this article is to assess how the ES concept has been used in water management projects together with MCDA and to exa...

Tässä raportissa kuvataan ympäristöministeriön vuonna 2019 käynnistämän vesiensuojelun tehostamisohjelman vaikuttavuuden arvioinnin tukemiseksi tehdyn esiselvityksen tulokset. Esiselvityksessä tuotettiin viitekehys vaikuttavuuden arvioinnin seurantaohjelman laatimiseen ja tunnistettiin mahdollisia mittareita vaikuttavuustavoitteiden toteuttamiselle...

The Ecosystem Service concept is a widely used framework to examine the links between the functioning of ecosystems and human well-being. There is a broad range of ecosystem services, which are often classified hierarchically as provisioning, regulating and cultural services. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), an approach for analyzing comple...

Luontopohjaiset ratkaisut ovat monihyötyisiä yhteiskunnallisten haasteiden ratkaisuja, jotka perustuvat luonnon prosessien luomiin mahdollisuuksiin ja ottavat mallia ekosysteemien toiminnasta. Ne vastaavat laaja-alaisiin, kytkeytyneisiin haasteisiin tarjoamalla tavanomaisille, teknistä näkökulmaa painottaville ratkaisuille vaihtoehdon, joka tähtää...

Resilience management aims to increase the ability of the system to respond to adverse events. In this study, we develop and apply a structured framework for assessing the resilience of the decision-making process related to reservoir (or lake) regulation with the resilience matrix approach. Our study area is Finland, where the initiatives for the...

Agricultural nutrient recycling in is a complex problem entity that requires a systemic approach. Systems analysis is a common term for approaches that help to understand the complex cause-effect relationships of the systems. The analysis provides a structured overview of the system and a better understanding of the dimensions of the impacts. In...

Vaelluskalakantojen palauttaminen rakennettuihin vesistöihin edellyttää monialaista tutkimustietoa kalojen elinkierron eri vaiheisiin liittyvistä haasteista ja niiden korjaustoimista. Myös vesistöjen eri käyttäjien ja intressiryhmien on löydettävä yhteinen tahtotila jokiympäristön ja sen kalaston kestävälle käytölle. Tämä puolestaan edellyttää vira...

Environmental monitoring covers many different management domains. They range from biodiversity conservation to water protection, natural hazard prevention, impact assessment, resource use, or environmental restoration. The need for clear objectives has long been emphasized in the management literature, but has often received only little attention...

Water security demands guaranteeing economic, social and environmental sustainability and simultaneously addressing the diversity of risks and threats related to water. Various frameworks have been suggested to support water security assessment. They are typically based on indexes enabling national comparisons; these may, however, oversimplify comp...

Severe droughts cause substantial damage to different socio-economic sectors, and even Finland, which has abundant water resources, is not immune to their impacts. To assess the implications of a severe drought in Finland, we carried out a national scale drought impact analysis. Firstly, we simulated water levels and discharges during the severe dr...

Severe droughts can affect water security even in countries with ample water resources. In addition, droughts are estimated to become more frequent in several regions due to changing climate. Drought affects many socio-economic sectors (e.g., agriculture, water supply, and industry), as it did in 2018 in Finland. Understanding the basin-wide pictur...

This report describes the implementation and results of the resilience analysis of reservoir operation in the context of watercourse regulation in Finland. The analysis was conducted by Finnish Environment Institute in collaboration with regional Centres for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment (ELY centres). The most difficult situa...

Building a well-structured objectives hierarchy is central to multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). However, in the absence of a systematic methodology to support the process, this task has been described as “more art than science”. Objectives hierarchies often tend to become large and constraining the size of a hierarchy can be challenging. Thi...

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a generic term for approaches supporting the systematic evaluation of alternatives in problems involving multiple criteria and stakeholders. One of the most challenging tasks is to gather preference information from stakeholders in a way that both reflects their true opinions and meets the theoretical requ...

Finland updated its Energy and Climate Strategy in late 2016 with the aim of increasing the share of renewable energy sources, increasing energy self-sufficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Concurrently, the issue of generation adequacy has grown more topical, especially since the record-high demand peak in Finland in January 2016. This...

Flood risk management (FRM) is moving towards more proactive and collaborative direction to enable adaptation to changing conditions. We present a case study on collaborative planning process, which contributed to the development of adaptive FRM in one of the largest river basins in Finland. The focus was on the possibility and acceptability of usi...

Revitalizing migratory fish stocks in constructed and regulated waterways is associated with a definition of an environmental flow and flow regulation according to it. The environmental flow refers to sufficient flow of water during the important stages of migratory fish life cycle, where the spatiotemporal flow requirements vary in terms of site a...

In this paper, we analyze 23 multi-criteria decision analysis software tools in terms of their applicability to support environmental planning processes. Our aim is to survey what kind of software is available, and compare the features they provide to meet the characteristics of environmental problems. Our focus is on useful or innovative features...

Structuring problems for Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) has attracted increasing attention over the past 20 years from both a conceptual and a practical perspective. This is reflected in a significant growth in the number of published applications which use a formal approach to problem structuring in combination with an analytic method for...

Procedural and behavioural biases have received little attention in recent Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) research. Our literature review shows that most research on biases was done 15–30 years ago. This study focuses on biases that are introduced at an early stage of MCDA when building objectives hierarchies and their effect on the weight...

This book is inspired by the positive feedback received by the Adaptation Inspiration Book developed in CIRCLE-2, coordinated by the Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon. This inspiration book is a culmination of four years extensive case study research carried out within the EU FP7 Project BASE: Bottom-up climate adaptation strategies towards...

The European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) has created a demand for comparing the benefits and costs of the remedial measures. A major part of the benefits from improved water quality relate to the increased recreational value. However, there is a lack of easily operative and widely applicable quantitative methods to assess the benefits of...

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods has been promoted as an alternative approach to monetary economic valuation of ecosystem services in Cost-Benefit Analysis framework (CBA). We discuss the potential of MCDA in providing a framework for integrated valuation of ecosystem services. We conclude that MCDA does in general perform better tha...

Kolmivuotisessa pääosin EU-rahoitteisessa IMPERIA-hankkeessa (EU LIFE11 ENV/FI/905) pyrittiin vastaamaan ympäristövaikutusten arviointien kehittämishaasteisiin tunnistamalla hyviä käytäntöjä sekä kehittämällä järjestelmällisiä menetelmiä ja työkaluja arviointien tukemiseen. Hankkeessa pohdittiin, kuinka erityyppisiä ja eri suunnitteluparadigmoista...

MCDA is increasingly used to support participatory and collaborative processes. In this paper, we describe and evaluate four real-life environmental planning projects where MCDA was used in different ways to evaluate the alternatives and to support stakeholder involvement. Based on our experience, we present five approaches for eliciting preference...

The Ministry of Employment and the Economy (TEM) has recently published a guide on the environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedure for mining projects in Finland. The TEM guide focuses on the process of EIA application to mining projects. The current report was planned to provide supporting material for the TEM guide, and is a review of good pr...

The purpose of the Environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedure is to generate information on the environmental impacts of a project, facilitate the consideration of environmental issues in planning and decision-making processes, and give the public and other stakeholders opportunities to participate in and affect these processes. An EIA must be...

Ympäristövaikutusten arviointimenettely (YVA) tuottaa tietoa hankkeen ympäristövaikutuksista, edistää ympäristönäkökohtien huomioon ottamista suunnittelussa ja päätöksenteossa sekä lisää alueen asukkaiden ja muiden tahojen osallistumis- ja vaikutusmahdollisuuksia. Menettelyä sovelletaan niihin kaivoshankkeisiin, joista voi aiheutua merkittäviä hait...

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), also termed as multi-criteria assessment (MCA), is a powerful policy appraisal tool but as Stirling (2006) has suggested, it can be used both for opening up and closing down policy discourses. Our analysis of MCA in addressing a conflict between state forestry and indigenous Sámi reindeer herding in Upper La...

The main objectives of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) application in flood risk management are to support systematic and transparent evaluation of alternatives, and to facilitate discussion in a multi-stakeholder group. MCDA also helps to create a common evaluation framework and language among participants representing different expertise....

Ympäristöviranomaiset ja Oulujoen vesistön alueella toimivat voimayhtiöt tekivät vuosina 1989–1992 monitieteisen selvityksen vesistöjen säännöstelyn kehittämiseksi. Kehittämisen tavoitteina oli ottaa virkistyskäytön tarpeet ja vesiluonnon tilaan vaikuttavat tekijät paremmin huomioon, mutta säilyttää säännöstelyn alkuperäinen tavoite, eli palvella e...

Controversy between alternative uses of forests in Finnish Upper Lapland has been going on for decades, and in recent years it has been escalated to a serious conflict. The core of the conflict is the adverse impacts of forestry on old forests which are important grazing areas for reindeer and which are regarded as intact nature and wilderness area...

The impacts of climate change on hydrology and water resources in the Vuoksi watershed in eastern Finland were studied in order to assess the possibilities to adapt lake regulation to the projected changes. A conceptual watershed model and several climate scenarios were used to estimate the effects of climate change on three lakes in the Vuoksi wat...

The proliferation of the Internet has opened new opportunities to support communication in participatory decision making. We now also have tools to support decision analytical approaches. These opportunities are of special interest in environmental policy problems, which typically include multiple objectives and stakeholders who are geographically...

Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin Ylä-Lapin metsien käytön vaihtoehtoja osallistuvan monitavoitearvioinnin avulla. Eri sidosryhmien arvostukset tuotiin mukaan arviointimalliin henkilökohtaisilla tietokoneavusteisilla päätösanalyysihaastatteluilla. Tavoitteena oli selvittää eri tahojen näkemyksiä vaihtoehtojen mieluisuudesta. Tutkimuksessa muodostettiin...

Regulation of water flow constitutes the most important hydromorphological burden to Finnish lakes. The total area of regulated lakes is nearly 11,000 km2, equalling one-third of the total area of Finnish inland waters. Extensive research projects have been carried out since the end of the 1980s to find out opportunities to mitigate harmful effects...

Tässä raportissa esitellään Excel-pohjainen VIRVA-laskentamalli, jonka avulla voidaan helpottaa vedenlaadun muutoksista aiheutuvien virkistyskäyttöön kohdistuvien kokonaisvaikutusten rahallista arviointia. Malli tarjoaa mallinnus- ja laskentatyökalut vedenlaadun vaikutuksista johtuvien arvonmuutosten laskentaan ja tuloksena saatavien rahallisten ko...

There are always conflicting goals in the management of large water courses. However, by involving stakeholders actively in the planning and decision-making processes, it is possible to work together toward commonly acceptable solutions. In this article, we describe how we applied interactive multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) in a collaborativ...

Although regulated lakes have been studied extensively during the last 20 years in Finland, biological data are still scattered. Especially in mildly regulated lakes, data have been insufficient to determine reference conditions and to estimate ecological status as required by the Water Framework Directive. The objective of this study was to increa...

Planning of use and management of water bodies is becoming more and more complicated. Various involved interest groups often have different and even conflicting objectives, and changes in legislation set new challenges for the planning. The planning process also has to reckon with climate change. Meeting these challenges successfully requires a wat...

Vaikka säännösteltyjä järviä on tutkittu kahden viimeisen vuosikymmenen aikana, ovat aikaisemmissa hankkeissa kerätyt biologiset aineistot hajanaisia ja etenkin lievästi säännöstellyissä järvissä riittämättömiä vesipolitiikan puitedirektiivin edellyttämien vertailuolojen määrittelyyn ja ekologisen tilan luokittelu- ja seurantajärjestelmän kehittämi...

IntroductionMaterials and methodsResultsDiscussion

The proliferation of the World Wide Web has opened new opportunities to support participatory decision making. We now also have a number of Web-based tools to support participation and decision analytical methods. This opportunity is of special interest in environmental applications where we always have multiple objectives and multiple stakeholders...

K. 2006. Conflict management as a means to the sustainable use of natural resources. Silva Fen-nica 40(4): 687–728. Democratic societies' emphasis on individual rights and freedoms inevitably opens them up to political disputes. Conflict management should thus be seen as an integral part of democratic institutional design. The evolution and managem...

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) has reformed EU water legislation by introducing a new approach for water resources management. The WFD includes a specific category for water bodies which are hydromorphologically substantially altered. Hydro power is one of the most important pressures in many water courses especially in Fennoscandia and in som...

Public involvement is a process that involves the public in the decision making of an organization, for example a municipality or a corporation. It has developed into a widely accepted and recommended policy in environment altering projects. The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) took force in 2000 and stresses the importance of public involvement...

Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods have been recently applied in many environmental problems. Major aims have been to structure and to analyse multifaceted and complex problems, to compare incommensurable impacts and to clarify the preference order of alternatives. Most MCDA tools concentrate on aiding the process of choice among altern...

We applied the adaptive management approach to analyze the demand and feasibility of adaptive management of fish stocks in a large regulated lake, Oulujärvi, in northern Finland. The process consisted of four phases: (1) analysis of the current state of the fisheries system (fishers, related markets and industry, fisheries researches and authoritie...

Environmental decision making typically concerns several stakeholders with conflicting views. Multicriteria decision analysis provides transparent ways to elicit and communicate individual preferences. When the stakeholders clearly understand each other’s views, a consensus can be reached more easily. Computer software provides a substantial enhanc...

The decision analysis interview-method is presented and experiences in applying it to the assessment of the environmental impacts of two water development projects are reported. The aim of the interviews was to clarify the opinions of different stakeholders and to increase public participation in planning. There were 59 personal and computer aided...

In this paper we describe an approach for multicriteria modeling and support of multi-stakeholder decision processes. We report on its testing in the development of a new water level management policy for a regulated lake-river system in Finland. In the framework the stakeholders are involved in the decision process from the problem structuring sta...

In this paper we describe a framework for multicriteria modeling and support of multi-stakeholder decision processes. We report on its testing in the development of a new water level management policy for a regulated lake-river system in Finland. In the framework the stakeholders are involved in the decision process from the problem structuring sta...

Vatten, vol. 57, nr. 1, pp. 29-37, 0042-2886 Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was studied at the Suomenoja research station in Finland in cooperation with St Petersburg Water and Wastewater Works. The studied process was a mainstream process designed for 10 m³/h with anaerobic and aerobic units. EBPR proved to be a stable and reliable...

We describe an approach for multicriteria modeling and support of multi-stakeholder decision processes. We report on its testing in the development of a new water level management policy for a regulated lake-river system in Finland. In the framework the stakeholders are involved in the decision process from the problem structuring stage to the grou...

Suomen ympäristö 58

Water level regulation due to hydropower production has caused notable changes in the littoral zones of regulated lakes and rivers. Heavy geomorphological changes have taken place in lakes with a raised water level, and a lowering of the ice cover during the winter causes rapid changes in the littoral benthos and vegetation. The scale of the harmfu...

The decision analysis interview-method is presented and experiences in applying it to the assessment of the environmental impacts of two water development projects are reported. The aim of the interviews was to clarify the opinions of different stakeholders and to increase public participation in planning. There were 59 personal and computer aided...

24th Congr. Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Munchen, 13 - 19 Aug. 1989

Vesitalous, vol. 42, nr 2, pp. 16-20, 0505-3838

Vesitalous Nr.6, 40 - 45

Publications of Karelian Institute 122, 112 - 117