Miguel Bruno

• Ph D
• Universidad de Cádiz

The study presents a dynamic analysis of the present-day behavior of salinity concentration in the Guadalquivir estuary and evaluates the impact of anthropogenic pressures on the dynamics of the horizontal salinity gradient. A one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic model with an advection and dispersion module is used to study the effects of human press...

The ATL2MED demonstration experiment involved two autonomous surface vehicles from Saildrone Inc. (SD) which travelled a route from the eastern tropical North Atlantic to the Adriatic Sea between October 2019 and July 2020 (see Table A6). This 9-month experiment in a transition zone between the temperate and tropical belts represents a major challe...

Las ondas internas se observan frecuentemente en océanos y lagos con alta estratificación y son cruciales para la distribución de propiedades marinas, como nutrientes. Este estudio analiza la presencia de solitones en el estrecho de Gibraltar y el mar de Alborán, generados en el umbral de Camarinal. Se emplean datos in situ, corriente superficial d...

The study presents a dynamic analysis of the present day behavior of saline intrusion in the Guadalquivir estuary and evaluates the impact of anthropogenic pressures on the dynamics of the salt wedge. A one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic model with a transport and dispersion module is used to study the effects of human pressure involved in the salin...

Despite six decades of investigation into deepwater sedimentary systems, the mechanisms that generate transverse flows to transfer sediments across contourite channel (moat) and drift systems have remained unclear. Here we present the direct evidence of driving mechanisms from in situ observations of contourite systems, both deep marine (South Chin...

This study exploits the combination of High-Frequency Coastal Radar (HFR) information with satellite-derived observations to characterize the patterns involved in the coastal countercurrents (CCCs) events in the Gulf of Cadiz (GoC), which is situated in the SW of the Iberian Peninsula. The westward alongshore currents are observed throughout the ye...

Coastal zones close to big river systems are hydrodynamically characterised by inland and open ocean waters. Satellite altimetry data have recently been scientifically exploited in coastal zones. However, more efforts are still needed in terms of using these data in new applications in the coastal strip. Our study analyses the capability of the Eur...

This study presents an analysis of the impacts of the changes in bottom depth along the Guadalquivir Estuary on tidal dynamics. A realistic non-linear 1D numerical model, incorporating changes in both breadth and bottom depth, was employed to investigate the involved effects. The findings reveal a significant amplification of the M2 tidal wave towa...

In this work, we retracked altimeter waveforms of ESA satellites. ERS2 RA and Envisat RA2 from descending track 0360 over the eastern side of the Strait of Gibraltar using the Adaptive Leading Edge Subwaveform ALES retracker.

Dense water formation in the eastern Mediterranean (EMed) is essential in sustaining the Mediterranean overturning circulation. Changes in the sources of dense water in the EMed point to changes in the circulation and water properties of the Mediterranean Sea. Here we examine with a regional climate system model the changes in the dense water forma...

Internal waves are commonly observed in oceans and lakes where high stratification exists. In the present study in the Strait of Gibraltar, we analyse internal soliton signals recorded in different locations in their eastward propagation from their release point (Camarinal Sill) to the continental slope of the northwestern Alboran Sea. Moreover, th...

Dense water formation in the Eastern Mediterranean (EMed) is essential in sustaining the Mediterranean 10 overturning circulation. Changes in the sources of dense water in the EMed point to changes in the circulation and the water properties of the Mediterranean Sea. Here we examine with a regional climate system model the changes in the dense wate...

This study was conducted to address the changes in the surface distribution of trace metals (cobalt, copper, iron, cadmium, nickel, zinc, lead and molybdenum) as they are advected from the Gulf of Cadiz to the Alboran Sea, through the Strait of Gibraltar (south Iberian Peninsula), regions of great ecosystemic importance. Trace metals concentrations...

This work presents the quality performance and the capabilities of altimetry derived wind speed (WS) retrievals from the altimeters on-board Copernicus satellites Sentinel-3A/B (S3A/B) for the spatial assessment of WS outputs from the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model over the complex area of the Gulf of Cádiz (GoC), Spain. In order to a...

Deep water formation (DWF) in the North Western Mediterranean (NWMed) is a key feature of Mediterranean overturning circulation. DWF changes under global warming may have an impact on the Mediterranean biogeochemistry and marine ecosystem. Here we analyze the deep convection in the Gulf of Lions (GoL) in a changing climate using a regional climate...

The temporal evolution of the physical and biogeochemical properties of the Atlantic Jet (AJ) along the first ∼ 75 m of the water column during a 4-day journey was analysed by following the trajectory of a drifter dragged by the jet from the Strait of Gibraltar towards the Alborán Sea. Three stages were differentiated based on the evolution of seve...

Deep water formation (DWF) in the North Western Mediterranean (NWMed) is a key feature of Mediterranean overturning circulation. Changes in DWF under global warming may have an impact on the regional and even on the global climate. Here we analyze the deep convection in the Gulf of Lions (GoL) in a changing climate using an atmosphere-ocean regiona...

A catchment model for river basins and a hydrodynamic model were combined in order to simulate the spreading of the turbidity plume produced by sediment discharges from the Guadalquivir River basin within the Gulf of Cádiz under different meteorological conditions. The current fields provided by the hydrodynamic model and a transport-diffusion sche...

This study evaluated the possibility of studying mesoscale surface circulation in coastal areas, as is the Gulf of Cádiz, Spain, using high-resolution altimetry data (20-Hz of posting rate) along with the use of wind and bottom friction ageostrophic corrections. Absolute cross-track surface zonal current velocities, derived from filtered along-trac...

Idealized facies of bottom current deposits (contourites) have been established for fine‐grained contourite drifts in modern deep‐marine sedimentary environments. Their equivalent facies in the ancient record however are only scarcely recognized due to the weathered nature of most fine‐grained deposits in outcrop. Facies related to the erosional el...

The main objective of the present study is to gain insight into the response of the Atlantic Jet (AJ) to the atmospheric forcing, in order to understand the hydrodynamic processes behind its disconnection from the Western Alboran Gyre (WAG) and the eastward displacement of the latter. An analysis was carried out based on observations of high freque...

The increasing pressure on water resources and the management problems related to it, highlight the need of a multidisciplinary approach in the hydrological, social, economic and ecological field, applicable to every considered catchment. Changes in land use means changes in quantity and quality of water resources; this scenario could be more sever...

An analysis is presented of the submesoscale tidally-induced anticyclonic eddies formed at the eastern mouth of the Strait of Gibraltar and their role in explaining mesoscale features of the Atlantic Jet – Western Alboran Gyre (AJ-WAG) system. These eddies have been identified for the first time using an observational approach based on the analysis...

Evidences of sedimentation affected by oceanic circulation, such as nepheloid layers and contourites are often observed along continental slopes. However, the oceanographic processes controlling sedimentation along continental margins remain poorly understood. Multibeam bathymetry and high‐resolution seismic reflection data revealed a contourite de...

Global circulation of intermediate water masses has been extensively studied; however, its regional and local circulation along continental margins and variability and implications on sea floor morphologies are still not well known. In this study the intermediate water mass variability in the Gulf of Cádiz (GoC) and adjacent areas has been analysed...

The main features of the surface currents in the Strait of Gibraltar and Algeciras Bay are analyzed from the numerical results of three-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling, complemented and validated through observational data. The relative contributions of the main processes affecting the surface current patterns (i.e. mean background flows, barotro...

A 3-D nonlinear, finite-difference, high-resolution, hydrodynamic model, extended with a direct implementation of the non-hydrostatic pressure, is applied to study the influence of the non-hydrostatic contribution to the generation and propagation of short-period wave fronts (less than 1 h) in the domain of the Gibraltar Strait. The generation, rup...

The Teaching Innovation Project to which we refer below has been focused to pupils of the subject "Meteorology", taught in the third year of the degree in Nautical Sciences and Maritime Transport. Furthermore, the general and specific skills enhanced in the students through this project, are very useful for many other subjects on their degree. The...

Global circulation of intermediate water masses has been extensively studied; however, its regional and local circulation along continental margins and variability and implications on sea floor morphologies are still not well known. In this study the intermediate water mass variability in the Gulf of Cádiz and adjacent areas has been analysed and i...

Coastal altimetry products are available and are being extensively validated. Their accuracy has been assessed in many coastal zones around the world and they are ready for exploitation near the shore. This opens a variety of applications of the sea level data obtained from the specific reprocessing of radar altimeter signals in the coastal strip....

Accurate coastal altimetry data are important for coastal observing systems (monitoring) and to re-analyze previous datasets. In this work, we analyzed the cross-strait variability in the eastern side of the Strait of Gibraltar using one descending track from the European Space Agency (ESA) Envisat RA-2 descending track #0360. We developed an accur...

Metocean modeling resources from an operational oceanography system are applied to assess the hazard of bacterial contamination, resulting from domestic/industrial wastewater discharged into potential bivalve mollusk harvesting areas in Cadiz Bay (Andalusia). The proposed methodology is aimed to at meeting the European Union regulations and best pr...

The northern shelf of the Strait of Gibraltar adjacent to Camarinal Sill, defined here as the Cape Paloma continental shelf, has been investigated by analyzing a set of geophysical data including multibeam bathymetric images, a side-scan sonar mosaic and high-resolution seismic profiles, and the simulation of water-mass circulation patterns along t...

Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences of the University of Cádiz implemented the Bologna Process in the academic year 2009/2010. Since its implementation the subject Geophysics and Tectonics started to be taught together; otherwise theory and practical lessons are explained independently. Besides, it is imparted at different levels of educat...

High Amplitude Internal Waves (HAIWs) are physical processes observed in the Strait of Gibraltar (the narrow channel between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea). These internal waves are generated over the Camarinal Sill (western side of the strait) during the tidal outflow (toward the Atlantic Ocean) when critical hydraulic conditions ar...

The effect of subinertial sea level atmospheric pressure fluctuations on the inflow intensity of the surface Atlantic waters through the Strait of Gibraltar and its impacts on the dynamics of the Alboran Sea is studied. The results confirm that the exchange flows in the Strait is affected by atmospheric processes of much larger spatial scale than t...

This study analyses the water mass exchanges at subinertial scale between Algeciras Bay and the adjacent Strait of Gibraltar. The mechanisms triggering this exchange process is investigated with the aid of recently-acquired data on surface currents obtained using a system of HF coastal radars deployed on the eastern side of the Strait, and remotely...

The Strait of Gibraltar is the only connection between Atlantic and Mediterranean waters, where an inverse estuarine circulation is formed. Atlantic water flows above denser Mediterranean layer in order to compensate due to evaporation in the Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean outflow is controlled on the Atlantic side by a topographic constriction,...

Our understanding of bottom-currents and associated oceanographic processes (e.g., overflows, barotropic tidal currents) including intermittent processes (e.g., vertical eddies, deep sea storms, horizontal vortices, internal waves and tsunamis) is rapidly evolving. Many deep-water processes remain poorly understood due to limited direct observation...

We present an interdisciplinary study of the geomorphology, sedimentology and physical oceanography of the Alboran Sea (south-western Mediterranean Sea) to evaluate the potential role of bottom currents in shaping the Spanish andMoroccan continental margins and adjacent basins. Bathymetric and seismic data have allowed the recognition of the contou...

Our understanding of the role of bottom currents and associated oceanographic processes (e.g, overflows, barotropic tidal currents) including intermittent processes (e.g, vertical eddies, deep sea storms, horizontal vortices, internal waves and tsunamis) is rapidly evolving. Many deep-water processes remain poorly understood due to limited direct o...

The effects of tidal forcing on the biogeochemical patterns of surface water masses flowing through the Strait of Gibraltar are studied by monitoring the Atlantic Inflow (AI) during both spring and neap tides. Three main phenomena are defined depending on the strength of the outflowing phase predicted over the Camarinal Sill: non-wave events (a ver...

We characterize the eastern Gulf of Cadiz, proximal to the Strait of Gibraltar, using a multidisciplinary approach that combines oceanographic, morphosedimentary, and stratigraphic studies. Two terraces (upper and lower) were identified along the middle slope. They are composed of several associated morphologic elements, including two large erosive...

Vertical distributions of turbulent energy dissipation rates and fluorescence were measured simultaneously with a high-resolution micro-profiler in four different oceanographic regions, from temperate to polar and from coastal to open waters settings. High fluorescence values, forming a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), were often located in weakly s...

The relationship between climatic periods and intensity of 2 upwelling cores located in the Colombian Caribbean from the time analysis of climatic indicators and sea surface temperature (SST) for the period 1990-2009 were analyzed. Four climatic seasons are described for this region with differences and similarities between points located in front...

The M2 tidal circulation in Algeciras Bay (Strait of Gibraltar) is analyzed using a 3-D, nonlinear, baroclinic, hydrodynamic model, in conjunction with observed data series. Results show the influence of the density stratification on the vertical structure of the M2 currents in Algeciras Bay, although its tidal dynamics shows major differences with...

This article presents a detailed analysis of the sub-mesoscale transport processes in the Strait of Gibraltar. The interest is focussed on the Camarinal Sill region, and special attention is paid to the across-strait transport processes, the divergences and convergences in the central zone, and the small-scale circulation patterns along the norther...

The Cadiz Contourite Channel is the largest and most prominent contourite channel in the middle slope of the Gulf of Cadiz, and is known to channelise the southern branch of the Lower Core of Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) as it flows westwards from the Gibraltar Gateway. The channel lies in water depth between 650 and 1500 m, is 150 km long, 2-...

This article presents some of the results of an oceanographic survey carried out in the Bay of Algeciras (Strait of Gibraltar) as part of a research project intended to assess the environmental quality of the Bay. One of the most interesting findings was the step-like patterns presented by density profiles within the Bay, which were indicative of n...

The Bay of Algeciras (southwest of Spain) is located at the eastern part of the Strait of Gibraltar where the well-known two-way exchange between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea occurs. The bay and its port have a strategic relevance in terms of maritime traffic and supply of fuel and goods, making the whole area a high risk environmen...

A numerical model has been applied to study the tidal flows of the Bay of Algeciras in the eastern part of the Strait of Gibraltar, focusing on the M2 semidiurnal constituent. The numerical model was satisfactorily validated against a comprehensive set of observations collected in the bay in the year 2011 and the model outputs were used for a detai...

The relationship between climatic periods and intensity of 2 upwelling cores located in the Colombian Caribbean from the time analysis of climatic indicators and sea surface temperature (SST) for the period 1990-2009 were analyzed. Four climatic seasons are described for this region with differences and similarities between points located in front...

The implementation of an Early Warning System for storm impacts in the urban beach of Cadiz is presented. The model train is described in detail together with the downscaling procedure. Emphasis is given on how the morphodynamic model receives the necessary information from the regional operational oceanography system specifically developed for the...

An extensive terrace comprising sandy sheeted drifts characterises the proximal sector (close to the Straits of Gibraltar) of the Contourite Depositional System (CDS) of the Gulf of Cadiz and the western continental margin of Portugal. A novel morphosedimentary study over this terrace has been executed based on new multibeam echosounder data, seism...

a b s t r a c t Tidal forcing and its fortnightly variation are known to be one of the main regulating agents of physical and biogeochemical signatures in the Strait of Gibraltar and surrounding areas. Samples obtained during spring and neap tides in the region were analyzed to determine the influence of this tidal variation on the submesoscale dis...

The relative bio-optical variability within Lake Victoria was analyzed through the spatio-temporal decomposition of a 1997-2004 dataset of remotely-sensed reflectance ratios in the visible spectral range. Results show a regular seasonal pattern with a phase shift (around 2 months) between the south and north parts of the lake. Interannual trends su...

Relationship between OC4v4-chl and chl field measurements in Lake Victoria. Linear least-square fitting of OC4v4-chl against chl is also shown (R = 0.888, p<0.001, n = 44). (PDF)

Seasonal variability of monthly wind speed and direction in northern (A, B) and southern part (C, D) of Lake Victoria. Vectors indicate wind direction with wind speed proportional to the length of the vector (A, C). Black vectors correspond to 1998–2004 averaged seasonal cycle and grey vectors correspond to 1997–98 El-Niño year. Wind speed is also...

Seasonal variability of B parameter in Lake Victoria for 1997–2004 period. There are two offscale values, 14.4 in February-2000 and 21.9 in January-2004. The black line corresponds to the average seasonal variability for the study period. The horizontal grey line indicates B = 1. (PDF)

Comparison of monthly surface temperatures (LST) in North and South Region. Temporal variability of LST in the two regions and difference of LST between regions. Positive values of the difference indicate that surface layer in the north is warmer than in the south. LST were obtained using AVHRR data (http://podaac-www.jpl.nasa.gov/sst). (PDF)

A singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis was performed to determine the coupled modes of variability of satellite surface chlorophyll (CHL) and absolute dynamic topography (ADT) data for the Alborán Sea (western Mediterranean) during a 12-year period (1998–2009). From this analysis we have been able to detect features of the Alborán Sea dynami...

A three-dimensional, nonlinear, high-resolution, sigma coordinate, hydrodynamic model was applied to study the sea surface manifestation of short-period internal waves measured in Algeciras Bay and the Strait of Gibraltar. Model results reproduce the tidally induced generation of the internal bore over the Camarinal Sill and its disintegration into...

Current marine wireless communication systems used for monitoring applications based on buoys suffer from lots of weakness. Many research works concern the design and development of new technological applications to improve marine communications. Particularly, a wireless communication system based on WiMAX standard at the 5.8 GHz band (license-exem...

A study of the potential for ocean energies in the southern Spanish region of Andalucía is reported, using state-of- the-art methods for characterization of the resources and a comprehensive analysis of the technology status in this emerging field. The study shows that the tidal/marine current potential in the Straits of Gibraltar is a world-class...

The software TSA_NORTEK_V1 has been created to carry out the processing of current meter data from NORTEK INSTRUMENTS: AWAC, AQUAPRO and AQUADOPP. The software offers a default data processing (spectral analysis, harmonic analysis, calculation of residual series) and an optional processing (axes rotation, choice of depth for the analysis, processin...

The effects of tidal dynamics on subinertial flows through the Strait of Gibraltar are analyzed. As found in previous studies, an empirical orthogonal function analysis of subinertial currents at the Camarinal Sill yields two dominant oscillation modes. The first mode presents a barotropic character and rather irregular fluctuations and it has been...

This paper presents the main results obtained from the application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sea surface image analysis to the validation of the baroclinic internal wave 3D modeling in the Strait of Gibraltar and Algeciras Bay. Appropriate SAR images, showing the occurrence of short-wavelength oscillations in the sea surface in this area, w...

A simulation of the M2 tidal dynamics in Algeciras Bay (South of Spain) was conducted by use of a 3D hydrodynamical model and complemented with experimental data, focusing on the influence of the general hydrodynamical regime of the Strait of Gibraltar over the Bay dynamics. The semidiurnal, mesotidal regime present in the Strait, together with the...

The Strait of Gibraltar is the unique and narrow connection between the Mediterranean basin and the open Atlantic Ocean. One of the main features of this place is the strong topographic constriction that happens both in the horizontal and vertical dimension in conjunction with the presence of a two-layered counter-current circulation and strong ine...

The Strait of Gibraltar is the unique and narrow connection between the Mediterranean basin and the open Atlantic Ocean. One of the main features of this place appears as the strong topographic constriction that happens both in the horizontal (minimum width of 14 km) and vertical (minimum depth of 250 meters) dimension in conjunction with the prese...

A selection of ASAR images have been analyzed, together with instantaneous images of surface chlorophyll recorded with MERIS and MODIS, in order to study the relationship between the physical and biological processes associated with internal waves in the Strait of Gibraltar and Alboran Sea. The images show peak levels of chlorophyll at the coastal...

The generation and propagation of internal waves is one of the most interesting oceanographic processes in the Strait of Gibraltar. In this paper, radar (ASAR) and ocean colour images (MODIS y MERIS) have been used in order to characterize this phenomenon. The processing of instantaneous colour images has allowed the analysis of the relationship be...