Miguel Germán Borda

Stavanger University Hospital · Division of Psychiatry

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Functional status is one of the most important markers of well‐being in older adults, but the drivers of functional decline in dementia are not well known. The aim of our work was to study the association of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) with functional decline over 5 years in newly diagnosed people with Alzheimer´s disease...

Background: In dementia, functional status depends on multiple factors in addition to cognition. Nutritional status is a potentially modifiable factor related to homeostasis and proper functioning of body systems and may contribute to cognitive and functional decline. Objective: This paper aims to analyze the association of malnutrition with the...

Malnutrition is highly prevalent in older persons with dementia. Therefore, strong predictors of malnutrition in this population are crucial to initiating early interventions. This study evaluates the association between the probability of having malnutrition with the muscle volume and intramuscular fat (iMAT) of the masseter and the tongue in magn...

Background Sarcopenia is associated with multiple adverse outcomes. Traditional methods to determine low muscle mass for the diagnosis of sarcopenia are mainly based on dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bioelectrical impedance analysis. These tests are not always available and are rather time co...

Introduction The aging process of the incarcerated population is a growing concern, yet there are few data on older adults in this demographic group. Hence, this study seeks to examine the health status of older adults who are incarcerated in Mexican prisons and its association with the duration of their imprisonment. Methods This is a secondary an...

Background Sarcopenia has been shown to be an important condition with the ability to predict negative health outcomes, especially in hospitalized older adults; hence, its accurate identification has an important role in the prognosis of older patients. Aim The prevalence of sarcopenia among hospitalized older adults was assessed by employing thre...

BACKGROUND Sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass and strength) increases adverse outcomes risk and contributes to cognitive decline in older adults. Accurate methods to quantify muscle mass and predict adverse outcomes, particularly in older persons with dementia, are still lacking. OBJECTIVE Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of a deep learning model...

Background. In an aging population, there is an increasing need for easily accessible nutritional markers. Aims. To determine whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can serve as an effective nutritional indicator compared to the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) or other common markers such as albumin and body mass index (BM...

Purpose Accurate height and weight measurement can be challenging in older adults and complicates nutritional status assessment. Other parameters like the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the lymphocyte count (LC) could be an option to these measurements. We aimed to test these variables as subrogates of body mass index (BMI) or calf-circum...

Sarcopenia contributes to increased hospitalizations, cognitive impairment, falls, and all-cause mortality. Current diagnostic methods, like body Magnetic Resonance Imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, are costly and impractical. Notably, there is no standardized approach for assessing sarcopenia in dementia clinics. We studied the associa...

Introduction: Hip fractures pose a significant challenge for older individuals given their high incidence and one-year mortality rate. The objective of this study was to identify the primary predictors of one-year mortality in older adults hospitalized for hip fractures. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving adults aged 70 ye...

Sarcopenia refers to age-related loss of muscle mass and function and is related to impaired somatic and brain health, including cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. However, the relationships between sarcopenia, brain structure, and cognition are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the associations between sarcopenic traits, brain struct...

Introduction: Targeted interventions are needed to delay or prevent the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Poor dietary habits are associated with cognitive decline, highlighting the benefits of a healthy diet with fish and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Intake of omega-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), α-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosape...

Treatment options for sarcopenia are currently limited, and primarily rely on two main therapeutic approaches: resistance-based physical activity and dietary interventions. However, details about specific nutrients in the diet or supplementation are unclear. We aim to investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and lean mass, function, and...

Treatment options for sarcopenia are currently limited, primarily relying on two main therapeutic approaches: resistance-based physical activity and dietary interventions. However, details about specific nutrients in the diet or supplementation are unclear. Our objective is to investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and lean mass, func...

Background Current evidence suggests an association between sarcopenia and multiple negative outcomes. Traditional methods to diagnose sarcopenia are based on dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and whole body magnetic resonance imaging. These tests are complicated, time‐consuming and expensive. We aim to bring a more accessible way to diagnose...

Background Current evidence suggests an association between sarcopenia and multiple negative outcomes. Traditional methods to diagnose sarcopenia are based on dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and whole body magnetic resonance imaging. These tests are complicated, time‐consuming and expensive. We aim to bring a more accessible way to diagnose...

Background Sarcopenia has shown to be an important condition, with the capability to predict health negative outcomes, especially in hospitalized older adults, hence its accurate identification has an important role in the prognosis of older patients. Aim: Assess the prevalence of sarcopenia among hospitalized older adults by employing three distin...

Background The relationship between oral health and specific health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease or cognitive impairment, has been extensively studied. However, the effect of oral health status on self-rated health has not been assessed. This could be relevant in older people considering that poor self-rated health status and oral dis...

Background Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are often overlooked and under-identified symptoms associated with dementia, despite their significant impact on the prognosis of individuals living with the disease. The specific role of certain NPS in functional prognosis remains unclear. Aims To determine the association of different NPS with functiona...

Background TSH levels are associated to symptoms such as bradypsychia, bradylalia, hypoprosexia, decreased learning ability, memory impairment and even depressive symptoms, affecting cognitive domains. Method A secondary analysis of National Study of Health and Aging in Mexico (MHAS) from population interviewed in 2012 with TSH levels (1.948) rega...

Background Cardiometabolic disorders (CMD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) have been associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. However, brain glucose metabolism has not been compared between patients with CMD and MCI, and little is known about its associations with global cognitive performance. Here we examined regional brain ¹⁸...

Background Frailty has been recognized as a growing issue in older adults, with recent evidence showing that this condition heralds several health-related problems, including cognitive decline. The objective of this work is to determine if frailty is associated with cognitive decline among older adults from different countries. Methods We analyzed...

Abnormalities in the Tri-Carboxylic-Acid (TCA) cycle have been documented in dementia. Through network analysis, TCA cycle metabolites could indirectly reflect known dementia-related abnormalities in biochemical pathways, and key metabolites might be associated with prognosis. This study analyzed TCA cycle metabolites as predictors of cognitive dec...

Objective: This study aims 1) To analyse differences in resting-state electroencephalogram (rs-EEG) spectral features of Parkinson's Disease (PD) and healthy subjects (non-PD) using Functional Data Analysis (FDA) and 2) To explore, in four independent cohorts, the external validity and reproducibility of the findings using both epoch-to-epoch FDA...

Background: Malnutrition - comprising both undernutrition and overweight - has to be addressed in the medical follow-up of older adults due to the negative consequences for the functional state and general health. Still, little is known about the nutritional state of nursing home (NH) residents, especially with respect to weight gain or weight los...

Background The relationship between oral health and specific health conditions has been studied. However, data about the relationship with self-rated health is not clear. The aim of this study is to determine the association between different parameters of oral health and the self-rated health status (SRHS) in Colombian community-dwelling older adu...

Background and Aims In older adults with dementia, low body mass index (BMI) is associated with higher mortality and other adverse health outcomes. BMI or nutritional status trajectories from diagnosis have not yet been well described in dementia, especially in people with Lewy body dementia (LBD); a group that has a poorer prognosis. With this stu...

Introduction Frailty is recognized as a clinical condition associated with increased vulnerability for developing negative health outcomes but has been little studied in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we investigated the risk of frailty in de novo PD patients and its association with subsequent development of dementia. Methods We co...

Psychiatric-onset dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) might include symptoms of depression, hallucinations, anxiety, and apathy. Here, we report a patient with DLB with recurrent panic attacks as her first symptom 5 years before a biological-based diagnosis of probable DLB. We provide an extended description of the clinical presentation and course from...

Background Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCR) is a predementia stage where slow gait speed and subjective memory complaints are present. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of MCR and assess its relationship with sociodemographic factors and chronic conditions. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the SABE Colombia study...

Objectives : To explore how individual depressive symptoms might contribute to different patterns of alcohol consumption in Colombian older adults living in the community. Methods : A Secondary analysis from a nationally representative cross-sectional study of more than 23,000 older adults, with data from 19,004 participants. Drinking frequency, a...

Introduction: Early markers of neurodegeneration provide an opportunity to detect, monitor, and initiate interventions in individuals who have an increased risk of developing dementia. Here, we investigated whether the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is associated with early brain neurodegeneration and whether the TUG test could be a marker of cognitiv...

INTRODUCCIÓN: la demencia por cuerpos de Lewy (DCL) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa con alta prevalencia y a menudo subdiagnosticada. En las demencias pueden presentarse alteraciones en la marcha que potencialmente permitan identificar su subtipo y dar una orientación clínica, diagnóstica y terapéutica temprana. Esta revisión narrativa de la li...

Objective Determine the association between different parameters of oral health and the self-rated health (SRH) in Colombian community-dwelling older adults. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the SABE-Colombia study performed in 2015. The dependent variable was defined as the SRH status assessed by the question “Compared with other people yo...

Background : Age-related neurodegeneration, sarcopenia, and ectopic fat accumulation are conditions with shared pathways that remain poorly understood. We have measured muscle volume and fat accumulation in masseter and tongue muscle, and aim to explore their association with the total grey matter volume using MRI in older adults recently diagnosed...

Background: Ending December 2019, the world had to face to COVID-19. Latin America and the Caribbean suffered the effects where the contiguous and the number of deaths has been significant. Studies indicate that older adults with some degree of cognitive impairment are at greater risk of worsening their cognitive status and mental health, for this...

Summary Background: Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCR) is a predementia stage where slow gait speed and subjective memory complaints are present. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of MCR and assess its rela- tionship with sociodemographic factors and chronic conditions. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the SABE C...

Background: We aim to study the effects of the number of medications consumed over a five-year period after diagnosis on functional decline trajectories in older adults living with AD (Alzheimer's disease) and LBD (Lewy body dementia). Methods: This is a longitudinal analysis of a Norwegian cohort study entitled "The Dementia Study of Western No...

Background The potential role of the amygdala for neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia is not well known, especially in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Cross‐sectional studies have proposed the associations between amygdala volume and NPS in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, less is known about the association between amygdala volume and l...

Background: Dementia has become a healthcare priority. As no disease-modifying treatment is available, treatment is aimed to act through prevention. Frailty have been defined as a geriatric multidimensional syndrome. Being a treatable condition, interest has raised to describe the relationship between Dementia and Frailty. This study describes fra...

Purpose: To determine the incidence of geriatric syndromes (GS) in community dwelling older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: This is an analysis from the Mexican Health and Aging Study, of a subsample of 2089 subjects with TSH determination. From this last subsample, we included 1628 individuals with TSH levels in the subclinical r...

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) research has seen a significant growth in international collaboration over the last three decades. However, researchers face a challenge in identifying large and diverse samples capable of powering longitudinal studies and clinical trials. The DLB research community has begun to focus efforts on supporting the develo...

Introduction: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is common in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Few studies have compared the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in patients with and without MCI due to PD (PD-MCI), and its correlation to patients' subjective cognitive and communicative difficulties has not been explored. Objective: We aimed to compare H...

BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment and dementia are some of the most important health challenges we face today. Almost 60% of people with dementia live in low-and middle-income countries, such as Colombia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between access, capacity to use and frequency of using with cognitive impairment a...

Introduction: The amygdala is implicated in psychiatric illness. Even as the amygdala undergoes significant atrophy in mild dementia, amygdala volume is underexplored as a risk factor for neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). Objective: To analyze the association between baseline amygdala volume and the longitudinal trajectories of NPS and cognitive dec...

Background: In dementia, a number of factors may influence functional decline in addition to cognition. In this study, we aimed to study the potential association of the number of prescribed medications with functional decline trajectories over a five-year follow-up in people diagnosed with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Lewy Body dementia (LBD)...

Background With this study, we aim to determine the associations of the different categories of the body mass index (BMI) with activities of daily living (ADL) and cognitive performance in two different populations living in the community; Colombian and South Korean older adults. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of two surveys separ...

The proportion of the world’s older adults and of its dementia cases is increasing in low and middle-income countries. This is particularly true in Colombia. There, the number of individ- uals with dementia may increase five-fold by 2050. Yet research is lacking on dementia in such settings. This work estimates the prevalence ofdementia in a commun...

Objectives We aim to study the effects of the prescription of benzodiazepines and antidepressants on cognitive and functional decline in older adults living with AD (Alzheimer’s disease) and LBD (Lewy body dementia) over a five‐year follow‐up. Methods This is a longitudinal analysis of a Norwegian cohort study entitled “The Dementia Study of Weste...

Objective: To determine possible associations of hemispheric-regional alpha/theta ratio (α/θ) with neuropsychological test performance in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) non-demented patients. Methods: 36 PD were matched to 36 Healthy Controls (HC). The α/θ in eight hemispheric regions was computed from the relative power spectral density of the resting-...

Hospitalizaciones frecuentes en Epoc

Background Clinicopathological overlap between neurodegenerative diseases contributes to challenging differentiation between dementia types. Improving differential diagnosis is important to provide optimal patient care and better predict future needs. Deep learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks have in recent years gained much at...

Introduction Functionality is one of the most important markers of wellbeing in older adults. People with dementia lose functionality mainly because of cognitive impairment. However, little has been outlined regarding the independent association of Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) on functional decline in this population, especially in those diagnos...

Background: With this study, we aim to describe the associations of the different categories of the Body mass index (BMI) with ADL and cognitive performance in Colombian and South Korean older adults living in the community. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of two surveys were analyzed; Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging in Colombia (SABE)...

Introduction: Gait speed (GS) is a predictor of negative outcomes in older adults and in those in risk to develop cognitive impairment; as such, it has been associated with dementia. Studies in Latin-American older adults showing this association are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between GS and dementia in a representative...

Background: Hippocampal atrophy is presented in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Cognition, dual-tasks, muscular function, goal-related behaviors and neuropsychiatric symptoms are linked to hippocampal volumes and may lead to functional decline in activities of daily living. We examined the association between baseline...

Objective: To assess depressive symptoms as a mediator in the association between polyvictimization and recurrent falling. Methods: Using data from the Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento (Health, Well-being, and Aging) Ecuador Study, we analyzed community-dwelling adults 60 years and older (n = 5227). Recurrent falling was determined as ≥2 falls dur...

Introduction: Functional status decline is related to many negative outcomes. Objective: To explore the relation between sociodemographic, medical and psychological factors with the incidence of functional status decline in Mexican older adults. Materials and methods: Data from the 2012 and 2015 waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) su...

Introduction As the world's population ages, the prevalence of cognitive impairment associated with age increases. This increase is particularly pronounced in Asia and South-America. The objective of this study was to investigate separately the longitudinal association of physical activity and cognitive function in; older adults in Mexico and South...

As the population ages, the incidence of chronic diseases such as dementia increases. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common dementias after Alzheimer's disease, and it is characterized clinically by a tetrad consisting of visual hallucinations, spontaneous parkinsonism, REM sleep behavior disorders, and dementia. The diagnosis o...

Background: Frailty is a clinical state defined as an increase in an individual's vulnerability to developing adverse health-related outcomes. Objectives: We propose that healthy behaviors could lower the incidence of frailty. The aim is to describe the association between healthy behaviors (physical activity, vaccination, tobacco use, and cance...