Mie Matsui

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• Professor at Kanazawa University

Approximately 30% of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to antipsychotics. While schizophrenia has been primarily explained by the dopamine dysfunction hypothesis, treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) may involve a different pathophysiology. Neuromelanin (NM), a product of dopamine metabolism in the substantia nigra (SN), indirectly meas...

Background Progressive abnormalities in brain structures have consistently been reported in depression. However, the distinct trajectories of progressive structural abnormalities in TRD remain unknown. Moreover, treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is suggested to have a heterogeneous pathophysiology. The Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algor...

Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychiatric condition resulting from a traumatic event, affecting both mental and physical health and impairing cognitive function. Lipid- related molecules, such as cholesterol and fatty acids, are crucial in the central nervous system (CNS), and their alterations can influence CNS functi...

Background: Contextual memory loss of emotional events plays a critical role in depression psychopathology. Individuals with depression, clinical or subclinical, exhibit enhanced and impaired memory for emotionally negative stimuli and context in an event, respectively. This suggests that contextual encoding may fail because of attentional interfer...

In recent years, the concept of cognitive reserve has been proposed as an explanation for the fact that brain pathology does not necessarily match the actual level of cognitive function. Cognitive reserve refers to an individualʼs potential ability to suppress decline in cognitive function even when affected by brain pathology or aging. People with...

Background Script memory is stored information about a sequential structure of an activity (e.g., going shopping), including what actors do, the purpose of the activity, and the likely consequences of the actor’s actions. It has been reported that script memory is impaired among schizophrenia patients. The present research investigated the relation...

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of memory function in the context of explicit memory in early-stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using the short-form Japanese Verbal Learning Test (JVLT-9). Methods: Participants were 20 patients with early-stage AD and a control group of 23 healthy older adults (normal controls: NC), each of...

Objective Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, and sometimes shows idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH)-like presentations. We aimed to evaluate spinal tap responsiveness in patients with PSP, including the effect of sham spinal tap. Methods Eleven patients with PSP, ten with probable/definite...

Bipolar disorder (BP) is characterized by cognitive decline. Individual differences exist in maintaining cognitive function due to daily physical activity and sleep. We examined the relationship between leisure experiences as proxies for cognitive reserve (CR) and cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder after adjusting for daily physic...

Objective: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, and sometimes shows idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH)-like presentations. We aimed to evaluate spinal tap responsiveness in patients with PSP, including the effect of sham spinal tap. Methods: Eleven patients with PSP, ten with probable/definit...

Performing single leisure activity simultaneously requires mental, physical, and social effort. This research aimed to represent the extent of the three components using numerical scores and examined whether the scores are related to mental health. To determine the component scores, 1200 Japanese participants of varied ages chose activities they ha...

This article discusses the psychological impact of leisure across a lifetime using a life-course perspective, which assumes that people’s experiences at earlier life stages shape their following developmental trajectories. Since leisure activities are part of one’s lifestyle, adopting this perspective to leisure research is invaluable. By reviewing...

Cognitive reserve is the capacity to cope with cognitive decline due to brain damage caused by neurological diseases. Premorbid IQ has been investigated as a proxy for cognitive reserve. To date, no study has focused on the effects of premorbid IQ in patients with brain tumors, considering the damage to white matter tracts. We investigated whether...

This study investigated how daily behaviors of Japanese people changed during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and whether the change was mediated by demographics. It also examined whether the magnitude of behavior change in a demographic group is related to their attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine. 301 Japanese responded to an online...

Background: Thirty percent of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to non-clozapine antipsychotics and are termed treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). The 40-Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is a well-known to be reduced in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls (HCs), suggesting impaired gamma oscillation in sc...

p> Background: The spread of COVID-19 has changed people’s everyday behaviors. The present research aimed to describe the dynamics of changes experienced by Japanese people with varying demographic backgrounds, aiming to reveal how those demographic features mediate the behavior changes caused by the pandemic. While most past studies investigatin...

p> Background: The spread of COVID-19 has changed people’s everyday behaviors. The present research aimed to describe the dynamics of changes experienced by Japanese people with varying demographic backgrounds, aiming to reveal how those demographic features mediate the behavior changes caused by the pandemic. While most past studies investigatin...

Background Although the relationship between social capital (SC) and depressive symptoms has been reported in several studies, resilience and gender differences alter those relationships have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, this study cross-sectionally investigated the relationship between SC and depressive symptoms, including suicidal thoughts...

Engaging in leisure activities promotes mental health. The effect is likely associated with resilience as the broaden‐and‐build theory suggests positive emotions elicited from leisure increase mental resources for stress coping. The present research examined whether participating in different leisure activities at a given time increases the level o...

Background Patients with schizophrenia are unaware of their cognitive impairments. Misperception of cognitive impairment is an important factor associated with real-world functional outcomes in patients with schizophrenia. The patient’s family member plays a crucial role in detecting patients’ cognitive impairments when the patients are unaware of...

Childhood maltreatment has been associated with greater attention bias to emotional information, but the findings are controversial. Recently, a novel index of attention bias, i.e., attention bias variability (ABV), has been developed to better capture trauma-related attentional dysfunction. However, ABV in relation to childhood trauma has not been...

Background: Currently, there is a paucity of pharmacological treatment options for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the development of a novel pharmacotherapeutic approach has become a matter of great interest. Objective: We conducted a 12-week open-label clinical trial to examine the efficacy and safety of memantine, an N-methyl-D-asparta...

Introduction Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a potentially novel strategy for cognitive enhancement in patients with disorders. We present a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tDCS combined with cognitive tasks on cognition in such patients. Method and analysis This is...

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with increased inflammation. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of systemic inflammation, and recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CRP gene have been associated with increased blood CRP protein levels and illness severity in PTSD patients. However, the mechani...

Given that approximately one third of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to antipsychotics, different neurobiological bases may underlie treatment resistance in schizophrenia. Previous studies showed that treatment response is associated with both frontostriatal connectivity and glutamatergic neurometabolite levels in the caudate in patient...

Background Approximately 30% of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to antipsychotics and are thus considered to have treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). To date, only four studies have examined glutamatergic neurometabolite levels using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in patients with TRS, collectively suggesting that g...

Accumulated evidence shows that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have compromised cognitive function. PTSD is associated with childhood maltreatment, which also can negatively affect cognitive function. It is therefore possible that cognitive dysfunction in adult patients with PTSD can be due at least partly to childhood maltre...

Memory abnormalities are considered a core feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Studies attempting to quantify such memory dysfunction in PTSD have reported that individuals with this disorder exhibit selective memory bias toward negative material. The low expression Met allele of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymo...

We previously found that the water extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus leaves (ES extract) enhanced cognitive function in normal mice. Our study also revealed that the water extract of rhizomes of Drynaria fortunei (DR extract) enhanced memory function in Alzheimer’s disease model mice. In addition, our previous experiments suggested that a combi...

Approximately 30% of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to antipsychotics and are thus considered to have treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). To date, only four studies have examined glutamatergic neurometabolite levels using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) in patients with TRS, collectively suggesting that glutamatergi...

Etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains largely unknown. Studies have shown that a significant subset of patients with PTSD exhibit increased inflammation, suggesting that the understanding of this disorder could be facilitated by classifying these patients by inflammatory status. Here we performed a microarray-based blood transcri...

To define the correlation between neuroanatomic and developmental outcomes of children with single ventricle (SV) or transposition of the great arteries (TGA), a prospective longitudinal study was performed in preschool and school-age children. Twenty-seven children with congenital heart disease (9, TGA; 18, SV) were included. Participants underwen...

Background and aims: We previously reported that the administration of traditional Japanese medicines, kihito (Gui-Pi-Tang in Chinese) and kamikihito (Jia-Wei-Gui-Pi-Tang in Chinese), to Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice improved memory impairment. There are a few reports that show kihito and kamikihito have a beneficial effect on the cognitive...

Background Memory abnormalities are among a central feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is suggested that individuals with PTSD exhibit memory bias; while evidence shows poor memory function in these individuals. We aimed to examine memory bias in PTSD patients relative to controls and to explore an association between memory bias a...

Introduction Studies on autism spectrum disorder in recent years have controversially indicated similarities with schizophrenia. Cognitive dysfunction is present in both disorders, and while there is a rich array of interventions for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, there are few such treatments for autism spectrum disorder. In this study, w...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Measuring head circumference (HC) in infants is an easy screening procedure with which to detect abnormalities in brain growth. It has been demonstrated that HC can predict total brain volume (TBV) in very‐low‐birth‐weight (VLBW) infants. However, the correlation between HC and TBV was weaker than that observed in healthy ter...

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with increased inflammation, albeit with some controversy. Another key feature of PTSD is compromised function in wide-ranging cognitive domains. Increased peripheral inflammation can contribute to cognitive dysfunction, although this relationship has not been studied in patients with PTSD. H...

Mentalizing is the ability to understand others’ mental state through external cues. It consists of two networks, namely low-level and high-level metalizing. Although it is an essential function in our daily social life, surgical resection of right cerebral hemisphere disturbs mentalizing processing with high possibility. In the past, little was kn...

Schema of the intraoperative HLM test.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with cognitive impairments, yet little is documented on the cognitive function of PTSD patients in Asian countries. It is shown that regular exercise can reduce PTSD symptoms, while no study has investigated the association between exercise and cognition in PTSD patients. This st...

Diosgenin, a yam-derived compound, was found to facilitate the repair of axonal atrophy and synaptic degeneration and improve memory dysfunction in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It was also found to enhance neuronal excitation and memory function even in normal mice. We hypothesized that diosgenin, either isolated or in an e...

The topographic relationships between the macroanatomical structure of the lateral cortex, including sulci and fissures, and anatomical landmarks on the external surface of the head are known to be consistent. This allows the coregistration of EEG electrodes or functional near-infrared spectroscopy over the scalp with underlying cortical regions. H...

How brains develop during early life is one of the most important topics in neuroscience because it underpins the neuronal functions that mature during this period. A comparison of the neurodevelopmental patterns among humans and nonhuman primates is essential to infer evolutional changes in neuroanatomy that account for higher-order brain function...

Results of the linear regression model of age-related changes in the corpus callosum areas during the adult stage. Age-related changes in the total CC and the CC subdivisions during the adult stage (n = 10; mean (s.d.) age, 31.2 (5.8) years). F = F value, R2 = adjusted R2 value. “F,” “R2,” and “sig” indicate the results of the statistical analysis...

Evaluation of the rostrum and genu during development in young chimpanzee data with and without Pico’s data. Age-related changes in the rostrum and genu during infancy and the juvenile stage (6 to 72 months) are shown for chimpanzees with and without Pico’s data (n = 4; n = 3). (A) rostrum, (B) genu. The bar below the graphs indicates the developme...

Evaluation of the normalized rostrum and genu during development in chimpanzee data with and without Pico’s data. Age-related changes in the rostrum and genu, relative to the adult areas, during infancy and the juvenile stage (6 to 72 months) are shown for chimpanzees with and without Pico’s data (n = 4; n = 3). (A) rostrum, (B) genu. The bar below...

Results of polynomial regression modeling of the developmental trajectories of the rostrum and genu in chimpanzees with and without Pico’s data. Age-related changes in the rostrum and genu in chimpanzees with and without Pico’s data (n = 4; n = 3). F = F value, R2 = adjusted R2 value. “Best fitting model,” “F” “R2,” and “sig” indicate the results o...

Comparison of the measurements of the chimpanzee CC area acquired with different MRI sequences. (DOCX)

Age, total CC, and CC subdivisions in chimpanzees and humans during the developmental course of the study period. (PDF)

Comparison of the developmental trajectories of the rostrum and genu in young chimpanzees with and without Pico’s data. (DOCX)

The corpus callosum (CC) is present in all primate brains and is the major white matter tract connecting the cerebral hemispheres for integration of sensory, motor and higher-order cognitive information. The midsagittal area of the CC has frequently been used as a sensitive biomarker of brain development. Although the marmoset has been considered a...

Previous studies have reported a reduction in the size of the corpus callosum (CC) on the mid-sagittal plane in patients with schizophrenia. However, findings for the size of the callosal area in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FESz) are inconsistent. A possibility for these conflicting results is that the duration of illness in patients...

Introduction Cognitive Remediation Therapy is a new rehabilitation approach that has been created in order to improve cognitive functions such as attention, memory and executive function. We aimed to investigate the effects of one type of Cognitive Remediation Therapy, the Frontal/Executive Program, on cognitive function, social function, and psych...

Objective: The cognitive features and treatment of autism spectrum disorder have been the subject of much debate in recent years. Therapeutic approaches to date have focused on skills acquisition, support tailored to the characteristics of autism spectrum disorder, and interventions in social cognitive functioning; there have been few reports desc...

Despite increasing evidence of the role of the prefrontal cortex in providing the neural substrate of higher cognitive function and neurodevelopment, little is known about neuroanatomic changes in prefrontal subregions during human development. In this prospective study, we evaluated prefrontal gray and white matter volume in healthy infants, child...

Despite increasing evidence of the role of the prefrontal cortex in providing the neural substrate of higher cognitive function and neurodevelopment, little is known about neuroanatomic changes in prefrontal subregions during human development. In this prospective study, we evaluated prefrontal gray and white matter volume in healthy infants, child...

Although cognitive remediation or training for schizophrenia has been developed, few studies on the subject have focused on Japanese patients. The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness and applicability of compensatory cognitive training (CCT) in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Twenty-six participants diagnosed with schizo...

Little is known about the relationship between cognitive functions and higher-level functional capacity (e.g. intellectual activity, social role, and social participation) in Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to clarify neuropsychological characteristics and their association with higher-level functional capacity in PD patient...

The Stroop task has been typically used for measuring cognitive functions of inhibition and interference. However, this task has limited applications with young children, because reading ability is required to perform the task. Using a new, non-letter Stroop-like task named the 'happy-sad task,' in which participants are instructed to say 'happy' f...

Previous research has reported on the development trajectory of the corpus callosum morphology. However, there have been only a few studies that have included data on infants. The goal of the present study was to examine the morphology of the corpus callosum in healthy participants of both sexes, from infancy to early adulthood. We sought to charac...

6 years. FA in the CC was greater than that in the SLF, ILF and CGH. Moreover, FA, ADC and AD of the splenium of the CC (sCC) were greater than in the genu of the CC (gCC), whereas the RD of the sCC was lower than the RD of the gCC. The FA of right-hemisphere TOIs was significantly greater than that of left-hemisphere TOIs. In infants, growth rates...

Background: Although poorer cognitive performance has been found to be associated with anxiety, it remains unclear whether neurocognitive function affects biased cognitive processing toward emotional information. We investigated whether general cognitive function evaluated with a standard neuropsychological test predicts biased cognition, focusing...

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate habitual leisure-time activities (physical and non-physical leisure activities) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and to determine any potential benefits of these activities on cognitive functions and emotional symptoms. Methods: Thirty-two patients with PD and 25 demographically-match...

Sleep can integrate information into existing memory networks, look for common patterns and distil overarching rules, or simply stabilize and strengthen the memory exactly as it was learned. Recent research has shown that sleep facilitates abstraction of gist information as well as integration across multiple memories, insight into hidden solutions...