Michel Segondy

• PhD - HDR
• Université de Montpellier

The vaginal microbiota is known to affect women’s health. Yet, there is a notable paucity of high-resolution follow-up studies lasting several months, which would be required to interrogate the long-term dynamics and associations with demographic and behavioural covariates. Here, we present a high-resolution longitudinal cohort study of 125 women,...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections drive one in 20 new cancer cases, exerting a particularly high burden on women. Most anogenital HPV infections are cleared in less than two years, but the underlying mechanisms that favour persistence in around 10% of women remain largely unknown. Notwithstanding, it is precisely this information that is crucia...

Background: We studied the duration of HPV detection and risk of (re-) detection for 25 HPV genotypes in a cohort of 132 women followed every eight weeks for up to two years between 2016 and 2020. Participants were between 18 and 25 years old at inclusion and half of them were vaccinated against HPV. They were recruited near the University and the...

The vaginal microbiota is structured into five main community state types (CST) that are known to affect women's health. CST shifts can occur in less than a day, but there is a lack of follow-ups lasting more than a few months; a gap in the knowledge that hampers our understanding of long-term dynamics. Analysing a longitudinal cohort of 125 women...

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most oncogenic viruses known to humans, with 12 high-risk (HR) genotypes causing nearly all cervical cancers. Cytology is commonly used to screen for cervical lesions but is currently being replaced by testing for high-risk HPV (HR HPV). Although HR HPV screening has a higher sensitivity, its specificity is lim...

Objectives HPV infections are ubiquitous. For most infections, we lose track of the presence of the virus in host in less than three years after the start of infection. The mechanisms regulating the persistence of HPV infection are still partially understood. In this work, we focus on incident HPV detection in young women and we characterise the dy...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections drive one in twenty new cancer cases. Despite the potential for improving treatment, screening, and vaccination strategies, little is known as to why the vast majority of HPV infections clear spontaneously within two years. To untangle the dynamics of these non-persisting infections, we performed a combined qua...

The vaginal ecosystem is a key component of women’s health. It also represents an ideal system for ecologists to investigate the consequence of perturbations on species diversity and emerging properties between organisational levels. Here, we study how exposure to different types of menstrual protection products is linked to microbial, immunologica...

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), the most oncogenic virus known to humans, are often associated with Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) infections. The involvement of the latter in cervical cancer is controversial but its long-term infections might modulate the mucosal microenvironment in a way that favors carcinogenesis. We know little about coinfection...

Objective To determine if the use of menstrual cups rather than tampons is associated with more or less health risk. Design Analysing biological, demographic, and behavioural data in a cohort of women who reported using mostly tampons ( n = 81) or menstrual cups ( n = 22). Setting A cross-sectional analysis using the inclusion data of a single ce...

Background Cervical cancer screening strategies using visual inspection or cytology may have suboptimal diagnostic accuracy for detection of precancer in women living with HIV (WLHIV). The optimal screen and screen–triage strategy, age to initiate, and frequency of screening for WLHIV remain unclear. This study evaluated the sensitivity, specificit...

Objectives The implementation of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) may enhance the efficiency of SARS‐CoV‐2 testing, as RDTs are widely accessible and easy to use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a diagnosis strategy based on a combination of antigen and IgM/IgG serological RDTs. Methods Plasma and nasopharyngeal samples were...

In France, cervical cancer screening based on cervical smear has a participation rate of around 60%. New screening strategies are encouraged to increase the participation of under-screened women, including vaginal self-sampling with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing. This study was based on the distribution of an anonymous self-admini...

Understanding genital infections by Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) remains a major public health issue, especially in countries where vaccine uptake is low. We investigate HPV prevalence and antibody status in 150 women (ages 18 to 25) in Montpellier, France. At inclusion and one month later, cervical swabs, blood samples and questionnaires (for dem...

Objectives: The implementation of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) may enhance the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 testing, as RDTs are widely accessible and easy to use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a diagnosis strategy based on a combination of antigen and IgM/IgG serological RDTs. Methods: Plasma and nasopharyngeal samples were...

Background. Understanding genital infections by Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) remains a major public health issue, especially in countries where vaccine uptake is low. Methods. We investigate HPV prevalence and antibody status in 150 women (ages 18 to 25) in Montpellier, France. At inclusion and one month later, cervical swabs, blood samples and qu...

Objectives: To assess the associations between microbiological markers of vaginal dysbiosis and 1) incident/cleared/type-swap/persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection; and 2) incident/cured/cleared/persistent high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) while controlling for persistent hrHPV infection. Design: Two nes...

We report the clinical symptoms and examination findings of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) in women living with HIV (WLHIV) in South Africa. If we relied on syndromic management alone to treat MG, only 15/46 of MG-infected women would have received appropriate treatment: sensitivity 32.6% (95%CI: 19.5-48.0) and specificity 67.4% (95%CI: 63.4-71.2).

Introduction Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for one-third of all cancers caused by infections. Most HPV studies focus on chronic infections and cancers, and we know little about the early stages of the infection. Our main objective is to better understand the course and natural history of cervical HPV infections in healthy, unvaccin...

Résumé Le virus Epstein-Barr est l’agent de la mononucléose infectieuse (MNI). À côté de la forme classique d MNI, il existe des formes sévères et l’EBV peut être impliqué dans différents tableaux cliniques. Ce virus est également associé au développement d’affections malignes, en particulier le carcinome du nasopharynx dans certaines régions du mo...

This prospective cohort study of 622 women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from Johannesburg (2012) detected Mycoplasma genitalium in 7.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.5-9.7, 46/622), with detection more likely with lower CD4 counts(adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.02 per 10 cells/μL decrease, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03) and higher plasma HIV-...

Infections of stratified epithelia contribute to a large group of common diseases, such as dermatological conditions and sexually transmitted diseases. To investigate how epithelial structure affects infection dynamics, we develop a general ecology-inspired model for stratified epithelia. Our model allows us to simulate infections, explore new hypo...

Effect of re-seeding on wart-associated HPV infection kinetics. a. Infection with baseline parameters. b. Here infection rate of basal cells β decays to zero with time (with decay rate b = 0.05). No wart-like manifestation of the infection is possible. (EPS)

Chlamydia dynamics. a. Time series of uninfected cells (Ud and Up) and the infected cells of the same layers (Id and Ip). Infection with baseline parameters. (EPS)

Supporting information. Supplementary methods and results. (PDF)

Supporting data. CSV file. (CSV)

Supporting data. CSV file. (CSV)

Non-stratified HPV infection model schematic. A population of target cells, T, becomes infected by interacting with free virions, V at a rate β. Infected cells, I, self-proliferate, ρa, due to HPV infection. Infected cells die naturally, μ, and release the virions they contain with a burst size of θ. Free virions are cleared by mucus, ζ, and infect...

Supporting code. Mathematica file that generates figures for non-stratified model. (NB)

Supporting code. R file that uses 3 csv data files for model fits. (R)

Supporting data. CSV file. (CSV)

Effect of parameter variations on the kinetics of HR-HPV infection. a. Infection with baseline parameters. b. and c. HR-HPV gives wart-like infections with either higher HPV-driven proliferation, (3x αb) or higher burst size (1 order of magnitude higher), thus demonstrating that HR-HPVs need to keep both of these parameters down in order to have fl...

Non-stratified HPV model. A. Time series of i. low cell proliferation driven by HPV infection (wart-associated-HPV-like), ρa = 0.7 and θ = 106, and ii. high cell proliferation by HPV infection (HR-HPV-like), ρa = 1.4 and θ = 104. Cell accumulation and duration are the opposite of what is seen in real infections, i.e. HR-HPV infections should accumu...

Background High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types are the main etiological factors for cervical cancer. HPV16 and HPV18 are generally the most common forms associated with development of high-grade cervical lesions. This study was undertaken to identify intratypic variants of HPV16 and HPV18 among women with cervical lesions in Tunisia. Materi...

Background: Global genetic diversity of HIV-1 is a major challenge to the development of HIV vaccines. We aimed to estimate the regional and global distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants during 1990-2015. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL (Ebscohost), and Global Health (Ovid) for HIV-1 subtyping studies published betwee...

Résumé La prestation de conseil est une exigence relative au management prise en compte pour l’accréditation du laboratoire de biologie médicale pouvant être source d’écarts lors des audits. Cette activité peut en effet souffrir d’un défaut de traçabilité. Cet article propose des dispositions pratiques pouvant optimiser la traçabilité de ces presta...

Objective To explore awareness about cervical cancer among Moroccan women attending an HIV treatment centre in Laâyoune city, Morocco. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2017 using a knowledge test regarding cervical cancer, its risk factors and its prevention. Setting HIV treatment centre at the Hospital of Moulay Ha...

Background: With population ageing, post-menopausal women represent a new group to be considered in cervical cancer screening strategies, including the significance of High Risk (HR)-HPV detection. Objectives: A retrospective analysis was conducted in a cohort of 406 menopausal women attending routine gynaecological consultation at the Hospital...

Objectives: To evaluate associations of DNA methylation of the human tumour suppressor gene EPB41L3 with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) and HIV-related factors among women living with HIV-1 (WLHIV) in Burkina Faso (BF) and South Africa (SA). Design: Case-control study of WLHIV aged 25-50 with histology-determined CIN2+ (ca...

Background: Little is known about human papillomavirus (HPV) shedding in human breast milk. Objective: To investigate HPV shedding in mature breast milk specimens collected from breastfeeding African women living with HIV-1 and not receiving antiretroviral treatment. Design: 62 African women enrolled in the ANRS 12174 trial participated in thi...

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) serodynamics following infection has never been evaluated prospectively among women living with HIV (WLHIV). We determined HPV seroprevalence, seroconversion, and cervical HPV-DNA acquisition among WLHIV. Methods: Prospective study of 604 WLHIV in Johannesburg, South Africa aged 25-50 years. At baseline and...

Objective To report the prevalence and incidence of low-risk human papillomavirus infection (LR-HPV) and anogenital warts (AGW) among women living with HIV (WLHIV) in Burkina Faso (BF) and South Africa (SA), and to explore HIV-related factors associated with these outcomes. Methods We enrolled 1238 WLHIV (BF = 615; SA = 623) aged 25–50 years and f...

Effect of HIV-related factors on LR-HPV persistence, using infections as unit of measure. Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) using generalised estimating equations: aIn BF, associations with LR-HPV were adjusted for alcohol use, condom use and number of pregnancies; bIn SA, associations with LR-HPV were adjusted for number of regular sex partners, number of...

Full data set and codebook. (XLS)

Background: African women living with HIV (WLHIV) are at high risk of cervical cancer but rarely adequately screened. Better strategies enabling identification of WLHIV with high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN2+) are required. Objectives: To investigate the diagnostic value of HPV16 and HPV18 viral loads in a cohort of African WLHIV...

HPV variants from the same type can be classified into lineages and sublineages based on the complete genome differences and the phylogenetic topologies. We examined nucleotide variations of twelve HPV types within the species Alpha-5 (HPV26, 51, 69, 82), Alpha-6 (HPV30, 53, 56, 66), Alpha-11 (HPV34, 73), Alpha-13 (HPV54) and Alpha-3 (HPV61) by ana...

Infections of stratified epithelia collectively represent a large burden on global health. Experimental models provide a means to understand how the cell dynamics themselves influence the outcomes of these infections. Mathematical approaches are needed to improve quantification and theoretical advancement of these complex systems. Here, we develop...

Background High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary cause of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (grade 2 or higher, CIN2+). Simplified and rapid HPV DNA assays designed for use in resource-limited settings have recently become available. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching Medline, Embase,...

Résumé De nombreux virus peuvent être responsables d’atteintes du système nerveux central (SNC). Il s’agit de virus neurotropes, pouvant traverser la barrière hémato-encéphalique, qui sont directement responsables des lésions touchant le SNC. Le diagnostic dans ce cas repose essentiellement sur la mise en évidence du virus responsable dans le liqui...

AIMS To analyse the effect of the expert end-point committee (EPC) review on histological endpoint classification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods A cohort of women living with HIV were recruited in Burkina Faso (BF) and South Africa (SA) and followed over 18 months. Four-quadrant cervical biopsies were obtained in women with a...

Introduction HHV6 est un virus à ADN de la famille des Herpesviridae. La primo-infection est souvent asymptomatique ou réalise la roséole. Les réactivations sont possibles et peuvent être à l’origine de complications sévères chez l’immunodéprimé (VIH, greffés de moelle ou d’organe solide), avec en particulier une possible atteinte neuro-méningée. L...

Objective To describe associations of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) in women living with HIV (WLHIV) in Burkina Faso (BF) and South Africa (SA). Methods Prospective cohort of WLHIV attending HIV outpatient clinics and treatment centres. Recruitment was stratified by ART status. C...

Association of HR-HPV type prevalence with ART and CD4+ count at enrolment among 570 women living with HIV in Burkina Faso. (DOCX)

Association of HR-HPV type prevalence with ART and CD4+ count at enrolment among 613 women living with HIV in South Africa. (DOCX)

Association of HPV type prevalence with prevalent CIN2 and CIN3+ among 546 women living with HIV in Burkina Faso and 573 in South Africa. (DOCX)

The establishment of Aedes albopictus in southern France, a recognized competent vector for several arboviruses, represents a new threat for the local transmission and spread of what were until recently considered as tropical diseases. A preparedness and response plan, based on vigilance of both clinicians and laboratories, has introduced significa...

Résumé Les arboviroses, infections virales transmises par des arthropodes vecteurs, sont considérées comme des maladies exotiques. Cependant, certaines de ces infections peuvent être contractées sur le territoire métropolitain. Les arthropodes vecteurs présents en France permettent entre autres la transmission de l’encéphalite à tiques, des virus W...

Objective: To describe the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV-related factors on high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions (CIN2+) among women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHA) in sub-Saharan Africa. Design: Prospective cohort of WLHA in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (BF) and Johannesburg...

Objectives: We aimed to characterize HPV infections and cervical lesions in Western Algeria. Patients and methods: A total of 96 cervical samples obtained from women at risk of HPV infection (HIV-1-infected or presenting with a gynecological disease) were analyzed to characterize this infection and search for cytological abnormalities. Results:...

Background: The careHPV assay is a test for high-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPV) detection designed to be affordable in resource-poor settings. We evaluated the performance of careHPV screening among 1052 women living with HIV/AIDS included in the HARP (HPV in Africa Research Partnership) study in Burkina Faso (BF) and South Africa (SA). M...

Objectives: To investigate the presence of recently discovered human polyomaviruses in cervical specimens collected from African and French women, in relation to HIV serostatus, high-risk human papillomavirus infection (HR-HPV) and cervical disease. Methods: Cervical specimens were collected from 140 HIV-1-seropositive African women and 50 HIV-s...

We report three unrelated cases of Zika virus infection in patients returning from Martinique, Brazil and Colombia respectively, to Montpellier, France. They developed symptoms compatible with a mosquito- borne disease, and serological and molecular investigations indicated a recent Zika virus infection. Considering the recent warning for the likel...

BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is one of the most common pathogens in renal transplant recipients, and BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) presents a significant cause of graft dysfunction and loss in this population. This condition may be detected in about 8% of renal allograft recipients (1). BKPyV strains could be classified into 4 subtypes (I-IV) d...

To investigate the presence of recently discovered human polyomaviruses in cervical specimens collected from African and French women, in relation to HIV serostatus, high-risk human papillomavirus infection (HR-HPV) and cervical disease. Cervical specimens were collected from 140 HIV-1-seropositive African women and 50 HIV-seronegative French wom...

Background: The impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) replication is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with cervico-vaginal HSV-2 DNA shedding and genital ulcer disease (GUD) in a cohort of women living with HIV-1 in Burkina Faso. Methods: Participants were screened for cervic...

In immunocompetent persons, primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is self-limited infection. Lymphoma-like syndromes have been sometimes described in adults but have not been described for children. Lymphoma-like syndromes (protracted fever, alteration of the general status, and clinical lymphoproliferative syndrome) were retrospectively recorded...

Résumé Les tests de dépistage rapide (TDR) basés sur la technique d’immunochromatographie sont très répandus pour le diagnostic des maladies infectieuses. Dans le cadre des infections respiratoires virales, il s’agit essentiellement de tests pour le diagnostic de la grippe et des infections à virus respiratoire syncytial (VRS). Pour le diagnostic d...

The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the rate of BK (BKPyV) and JC (JCPyV) polyomavirus infections and their influence on allograft function in Tunisian renal transplant recipients. A total of 72 renal transplant recipients were studied. BKPyV and JCPyV were detected and quantified by real-time PCR in urine and plasma. Demographic a...

The impact and cost-effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment (ART) as prevention is likely to vary depending on the local context. Burkina Faso has a concentrated mature HIV epidemic where female sex workers (FSW) are thought to have driven HIV transmission. A dynamic HIV transmission model was developed using data from the Yerelon FSW cohort in B...

Iconographie disponible sur CD et Internet.

Objectives: To compare the Hybrid Capture 2 human papillomaviruses (HPV) DNA assay (HC2) and the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra assay (INNO-LiPA) for cervical cancer screening in HIV-1-infected African women. Design: The tests were compared for agreement in detecting high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) and performance to detect squamous intraepithelial lesio...

Objectifs Évaluer l’incidence, la persistance et la clairance des génotypes HPV à haut-risque (HR-HPV) chez des femmes africaines infectées par le VIH-1, leurs associations avec les lésions cervicales, et évaluer l’influence des facteurs liés au VIH. Population d’étude et méthodes L’étude HARP (HPV in Africa Reseach Partnership) a suivi une cohort...

Introduction – objectifs Le test careHPV (Qiagen) est un test de détection de l’ADN des HPV à haut risque (HR-HPV) basé sur l’hybridation d’un cocktail de sondes ciblant 14 HR-HPV (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, et 68). Ce test a été conçu pour être plus simple d’utilisation que le test HC2 et d’un coût plus abordable pou...

Objectifs Évaluer les niveaux de méthylation de l’ADN de gènes humain EPB41L3 parmi les femmes africaines séropositives pour le VIH-1 et co-infectées par des génotypes HPV à haut-risque (HR-HPV), avec ou sans lésions du col utérin ; et évaluer l’influence des facteurs liés au VIH sur la méthylation du gène EPB41L3. Population d’étude et méthodes L...

La présence de polyomavirus humains dans le tractus génital féminin a été très peu explorée jusqu’ici. Quelques rares études ont toutefois rapporté l’association de certains polyomavirus avec des lésions cervicales précancéreuses ou cancéreuses. Nous avons recherché la présence de « nouveaux » polyomavirus (MCPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7 et TSPyV) dans les pr...

In France, cervical screening is opportunistic and approximately 40% of women do not attend regular screening programs. The aim of this study was (1) to assess the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical infection and of cytological abnormalities in a population of young pregnant women with poor adherence to cervical cancer screening and...

Background The human parechoviruses (HPeVs) were recently recognized as important viral pathogens involved in various illnesses in young children. However, routine detection is not performed in most clinical laboratories. Therefore, in this study, we aim to assess the relevance of HPeV detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of infants, according to...

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) are common sexually transmitted infections (STI). We assessed the cumulative risk of NG and CT in a cohort of HIV-1-infected high-risk women taking antiretrovirals over 4 years in Burkina Faso. Between March 2007 and February 2011, participants were followed every 3-6 months. At each visit,...

The careHPV and HC2 assays were compared for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA detection in cervical samples from 149 HIV-1-infected African women. The HR-HPV DNA detection rates were 37.6% and 34.9% for careHPV and HC2, respectively. Agreement between the two tests was 94.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.7% to 97.7%) with a kappa val...