Michel I Dyakonov

• PhD
• Professor Emeritus at Université de Montpellier Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute

By "surface waves" one means a special kind of waves that propagate at the interface between two different media. There exists a large variety of such waves, which are interesting on their own, and sometimes have also practical importance and technological applications. This article presents a brief and non-exhaustive review of this vast subject, d...

Debate on possibility of quantum computing

We study the effect of magnetic field on the properties of a high-mobility gated two-dimensional electron gas in a field-effect transistor with the Hall bar geometry. When approaching the current saturation when the drain side of the channel becomes strongly depleted, we see a number of unusual effects related to the magnetic field induced redistri...

We study the effect of magnetic field on the properties of a high mobility gated two-dimensional electron gas in a field effect transistor with the Hall bar geometry. When approaching the current saturation when the drain side of the channel becomes strongly depleted, we see a number of unusual effects related to the magnetic field induced re-distr...

This book addresses a broad community of physicists, engineers, computer scientists and industry professionals, as well as the general public, who are aware of the unprecedented media hype surrounding the supposedly imminent new era of quantum computing. The central argument of this book is that the feasibility of quantum computing in the physical...

In the hypothetical quantum computing one replaces the classical two-state bit by a quantum element (qubit) with two basic states, ↑ and ↓. Its arbitrary state is described by the wave function ψ = a↑ + b↓, where a and b are complex amplitudes, satisfying the normalization condition. Unlike the classical bit, that can be only in one of the two stat...

This book addresses a broad community of physicists, engineers, computer scientists and industry professionals, as well as the general public, who are aware of the unprecedented media hype surrounding the supposedly imminent new era of quantum computing. The central argument of this book is that the feasibility of quantum computing in the physical...

The dynamic coupling between spin and charge currents in nonmagnetic conductors is considered. As a consequence of this coupling, the spin dynamics is directly reflected in the electrical impedance of the sample, with a relevant frequency scale defined by spin relaxation and spin diffusion. This allows the observation of the electron spin resonance...

At a given moment, the state of the hypothetical quantum computer with N qubits is characterized by 2^N quantum amplitudes, which are complex continuous variables restricted by the normalization condition only. Their values cannot be arbitrary, they must be under our control. For moderate N = 1000, the number of quantum amplitudes greatly exceeds t...

- A classical computer with N bits at any given moment is in one of its possible 2N states. - In contrast, the state of the hypothetical quantum computer with N qubits is defined by the values of 2N continuous parameters, the quantum amplitudes. - To beat your laptop in performing some special tasks, like factoring very large numbers, one needs ∼10...

The dynamic coupling between spin and charge currents in non-magnetic conductors is considered. As a consequence of this coupling, the spin dynamics is directly reflected in the electrical impedance of the sample, with a relevant frequency scale defined by spin relaxation and spin diffusion. This allows the observation of the electron spin resonanc...

A possible mechanism for the breakdown of the Quantum Hall Effect is proposed

Invited talk

A device for measuring the dielectric constant of liquid dielectrics using the waveguide method is described. Processing of the measurement results is based on the evaluation of the input impedance of the load, which is a segment of a waveguide line with a dielectric rod. It is proposed that measurements of the load reflection coefficient be perfor...

The influence of microwave irradiation of mixtures on the strength of cement stone and concrete was studied. Created at NRNU MEPHI experimental installation for the investigation of microwave effects on imperfect dielectrics and semiconductor materials was the source of radiation. It is shown that on the twenty-eighth day after mixing, the strength...

This introductory chapter is mainly addressed to readers new to the field.

psesentation slides

2nd EditionNew edition, updated to include key findings made in the past 10 yearsIntegrates the physics of transport phenomena and elementary magnetism in semiconductors

By “surface waves” one means a special kind of waves that propagate at the interface between two different media. These are certainly the first kind of surface waves that mankind has encountered. The wind can excite water waves with phase velocities that are inferior to the wind velocity. These are electromagnetic waves that exist when the dielectr...

By numerical simulations and analytical studies, we show that the phenomenon of microwave-induced resistance oscillations can be understood as a classical memory effect caused by recollisions of electrons with scattering centers after a cyclotron period. We develop a Drude-like approach to magnetotransport in the presence of a microwave field, taki...

By numerical simulations and analytical studies, we show that the phenomenon of microwave-induced resistance oscillations can be understood as a classical memory effect caused by recollisions of electrons with scattering centers after a cyclotron period. We develop a Drude-like approach to magnetotransport in the presence of a microwave field, taki...

By numerical simulations and analytical studies, we show that the phenomenon of microwave-induced resistance oscillations can be understood as a classical memory effect caused by re-collisions of electrons with scattering centers after a cyclotron period. We develop a Drude-like approach to magneto-transport in presence of a microwave field, taking...

Conference presentation slides

The quantum computer is supposed to process information by applying unitary transformations to the complex amplitudes defining the state of N qubits. A useful machine needing N=1000 or more, the number of continuous parameters describing the state of a quantum computer at any given moment is much greater than the number of protons in the Universe....

This chapter gives an overview of the main physical ideas and experimental results concerning the application of field effect transistors (FETs) for the generation and detection of terahertz (THz) radiation. Resonant frequencies of the two-dimensional plasma oscillations in FETs increase with the reduction of the channel dimensions and for submicron...

The hopes for scalable quantum computing rely on the "threshold theorem": once the error per qubit per gate is below a certain value, the methods of quantum error correction allow indefinitely long quantum computations. The proof is based on a number of assumptions, which are supposed to be satisfied exactly, like axioms, e.g. zero undesired intera...

We use two antenna model to develop a theory of the recently observed helicity-sensitive detection of terahertz radiation by FETs. The effect is due to the mixing of the ac signals produced in the channel by the two antennas. We obtain the helicity-dependent part of the photoresponse and its dependence on the antenna impedance, gate length, and gat...

A simple one-dimensional model is proposed, in which N spinless repulsively interacting fermions occupy M>N degenerate states. It is argued that the energy spectrum and the wavefunctions of this system strongly resemble the spectrum and wavefunctions of 2D electrons in the lowest Landau level (the problem of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect). In...

The idea of quantum computing is to store information in the values of 2N complex amplitudes describing the wavefunction of N two-level systems (qubits), and to process this information by applying unitary transformations (quantum gates), that change these amplitudes in a precise and controlled manner. This chapter first explains an advanced resear...

This chapter presents an overview of the main physical ideas and experimental results concerning the use of field effect transistors (FETs) for the generation and detection of THz radiation. Both THz emission and detection, resonant and non-resonant, have been observed experimentally at cryogenic, as well as at room temperatures, clearly demonstrat...

Within the two antenna model, we develop a theory of the recently observed helicity-sensitive detection of terahertz radiation by FETs. The effect arises because of the mixing of the ac signals produced in the channel by the two antennas. We calculate the helicity-dependent part of the photoresponse and its dependence on the antenna impedance, gate...

The hopes for scalable quantum computing rely on the “threshold theorem”: once the error per qubit per gate is below a certain value, the methods of quantum error correction allow indefinitely long quantum computa tions. The proof is based on a number of assumptions, which are supposed to be satisfied exactly, like axioms, e.g., zero undesired inte...

This is a brief review of the experimental and theoretical quantum computing. The hopes for eventually building a useful quantum computer rely entirely on the so-called "threshold theorem". In turn, this theorem is based on a number of assumptions, treated as axioms, i.e. as being satisfied exactly. Since in reality this is not possible, the prospe...

L'invention concerne un dispositif (1) de mesure de l'état de polarisation d'une onde incidente de fréquence de 10 GHz à 30 THz , comportant un transistor à effet de champ (2), une antenne (3) de réception. Suivant l'invention, les parties (31, 33) d'antenne détectent une composante de polarisation de l'onde, colinéaire à une direction (X) provoqua...

The spin Hall effect originates from the coupling of the charge and spin currents due to spin-orbit interaction. This chapter discusses the phenomenology of spin-charge current coupling, which is true whatever is the microscopic mechanism involved. It also considers qualitatively the physical origin of various effects resulting from spin asymmetry...

The hopes for scalable quantum computing rely on the "threshold theorem": once the error per qubit per gate is below a certain value, the methods of quantum error correction allow indefinitely long quantum computations. The proof is based on a number of assumptions, which are supposed to be satisfied exactly, like axioms, e.g. zero undesired intera...

Fundamentals of spin physics in semiconductors, International School on Spin-Optronics, Saint Pétersbourg (juillet 2012)

A simple one-dimensional model is proposed, in which N spinless repulsively interacting fermions occupy M>N degenerate states. It is argued that the energy spectrum and the wavefunctions of this system strongly resemble the spectrum and wavefunctions of 2D electrons in the lowest Landau level (the problem of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect). In...

Terahertz radiation rectification as a probe of universal conductance fluctuations in graphene

Séminaire du Consortium de Physique Théorique de Strasbourg

This is a brief overview of the main physical ideas for application of field effect transistors for generation and detection of TeraHertz radiation. Resonant frequencies of the two-dimensional plasma oscillations in FETs increase with the reduction of the channel dimensions and reach the THz range for sub-micron gate lengths. When the mobility is h...

For optical frequencies, there are systems known from the prior art which not only make it possible to represent an object two-dimensionally, but also detect it three-dimensionally, in other words to determine the distance between the object and the detector for individual pixels. In contrast, the object of the present invention is to provide a sys...

A new type of electromagnetic wave is predicted. It is localized at an interface between two transparent media and travels along the interface. The presence of such waves is due to the difference between the symmetry of the two media in contact. Waves at an interface between an isotropic medium with a permittivity E and a uniaxial crystal, characte...

Michel Dyakonov a reçu en 2009 deux prix très importants pour l'ensemble de ses travaux exceptionnels : le Prix Félix Robin de la SFP ainsi que le Beller Lectureship award par l'American Physical Society. Le nom de Michel Dyakonov est attaché à plusieurs phénomènes physiques : le mécanisme Dyakonov-Perel de relaxation des spins dans les semiconduct...

Experiments on terahertz radiation detection with InGaAs/InAlAs field-effect transistor in quantizing magnetic field are reported. We observed oscillations of the photovoltaic signal analogous to the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations, as well as their strong enhancement at the cyclotron resonance conditions. The results are described quantitatively wi...

Detection of THz radiation by a Field Effect Transistor InGaAs/InAlAs transistor was investigated at 4.2 K as a function of the magnetic field and gate voltage. We observed oscillations of the photovoltaic signal analogous to Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, as well as their strong enhancement at the cyclotron resonance conditions. The results are s...

We introduce a previously unknown spin-related transport phenomenon, consisting of a transformation (swapping) of spin currents, in which the spin direction and the direction of flow are interchanged. Swapping is due to the spin-orbit interaction in scattering. It originates from the correlation between the spin rotation and the scattering angle. T...

We report on terahertz radiation detection with InGaAs/InAlAs field effect transistors in quantizing magnetic field. The photovoltaic detection signal was investigated as a function of the gate voltage and magnetic field. Oscillations analogous to Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations as well as their strong enhancement at the cyclotron resonance were obs...

Resonant frequencies of the two-dimensional plasma in FETs increase with the reduction of the channel dimensions and can reach the THz range for sub-micron gate lengths. Nonlinear properties of the electron plasma in the transistor channel can be used for the detection and mixing of THz frequencies. At cryogenic temperatures resonant and gate volta...

We report on terahertz radiation detection with InGaAs/InAlAs field effect transistors in quantizing magnetic field. The photovoltaic detection signal was investigated at 4.2 K as a function of the gate voltage and magnetic field. Oscillations analogous to the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations as well as their strong enhancement at the cyclotron reson...

We introduce a previously unknown spin-related transport phenomenon, consisting in a transformation (swapping) of spin currents, in which the spin direction and the direction of flow are interchanged. Swapping is due to the spin-orbit interaction in scattering. It originates from the correlation between the spin rotation and the scattering angle. T...

A review of the phenomenology of the Spin Hall Effect and related phenomena originating from the coupling between spin and charge currents by spin-orbit interaction is presented. The physical origin of various effects in spin-dependent scattering is demonstrated. A previously unknown feature of spin transport, the swapping of spin currents, is disc...

We report on terahertz radiation detection with InGaAs/InAlAs Field Effect Transistors in quantizing magnetic field. The photovoltaic detection signal is investigated at 4.2 K as a function of the gate voltage and magnetic field. Oscillations analogous to the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, as well as their strong enhancement at the cyclotron reson...

The Spin Hall Effect (SHE) and related transport phenomena originating from the coupling of the charge and spin currents due to spin-orbit interaction were predicted [1] in 1971. Following the suggestion in [2], the first experiments in this domain were done at Ioffe Institute in Saint Petersburg [3], providing the first observation of what is now...

The photovoltaic effect induced by terahertz radiation in a gated two-dimensional electron gas in magnetic field is considered theoretically. It is assumed that the incoming radiation creates an ac voltage between the source and gate and that the gate length is long compared to the damping length of plasma waves. In the presence of pronounced Shubn...

It was shown previously that the current-carrying state of a Field Effect Transistor with asymmetric source and drain boundary conditions may become unstable against spontaneous generation of plasma waves [1]. By extending the analysis to the two-dimensional case we find that the dominant instability modes correspond to waves propagating in the dir...

Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences Approx. 485 p. 140 illus., Hardcover ISBN: 978-3-540-78819-5 Written for: Libraries, scientists, graduate students

Since electrons have an internal degree of freedom, spin, they are characterized not only by charge density and electric current, but also by spin density and spin current. The spin current is described by a tensor\(q_{ij}\), where the first index indicates the direction of flow, while the second one says which component of the spin is flowing.

Because of spin-orbit interaction, an electrical current is accompanied by a spin current resulting in spin accumulation near the sample edges. Due again to spin-orbit interaction this causes a small decrease of the sample resistance. An applied magnetic field will destroy the edge spin polarization leading to a positive magnetoresistance. This eff...

Because of spin-orbit interaction, an electrical current is accompanied by a spin current resulting in spin accumulation near the sample edges. Due again to spin-orbit interaction this causes a small decrease of the sample resistance. An applied magnetic field will destroy the edge spin polarization leading to a positive magnetoresistance. This eff...

We consider cyclotron resonance in a two-dimensional electron gas in the presence of a general spin-orbit interaction linear in momentum. We show that the electron motion contains many harmonics of the fundamental cyclotron frequency. Previously, the violation of the n --> n +/- 1 selection rule was considered possible only as a result of phonon or...

This lecture presents a brief survey of spin physics in semiconductors together with the historic roots of the recent activity in investigating spin-related phenomena.

The so-called "threshold" theorem says that, once the error rate per qubit per gate is below a certain value, indefinitely long quantum computation becomes feasible, even if all of the qubits involved are subject to relaxation processes, and all the manipulations with qubits are not exact. The purpose of this article, intended for physicists, is to...

New THz chip solid-state detectors and sources are waited for many applications. The idea of new sources and detectors, based on the oscillations of bidimensional plasma, was theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. We present technological process of nanometric devices dedicated to THz emission. In this structure, a MIM gate-source capacitan...

Generation of THz radiation in nanometer gate length InAlAs/InGaAs and AlGaN/GaN high mobility transistors is observed at room temperature. Spectral analysis of the emitted radiation is presented.

By numerical simulation, we study the classical magnetoresistance of two-dimensional electrons in the presence of weak short range scattering. A critical magnetic field defines the percolation threshold, above which the longitudinal resistance vanishes. Unexpectedely, just below this threshold we find a shrp narrow peak, where the resistance may in...

The classical two–dimensional problem of non–interacting electrons scattered by a static impurity potential in the presence of a magnetic field is investigated both analytically and numerically. A strong negative magnetoresistance is found, due to freely circling electrons, which are not taken into account by the Boltzmann–Drude approach. Moreover,...

Room-temperature generation of terahertz radiation in nanometer gate length InAlAs/InGaAs and AlGaN/GaN high-mobility transistors is reported. A well-defined source-drain voltage threshold for the emission exists, which depends on the gate bias. Spectral analysis of the emitted radiation is presented. The highest emission power emitted from a singl...

We predict instability of the steady state with a direct current for an ungated two-dimensional (2D) electron layer. This instability caused by the current flow is similar to the “shallow water” instability in the gated 2D electron gas [see M. Dyakonov and M. S. Shur, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 2465 (1993)]. The mathematics of the problem correspond to “...