Michel Dabas

French National Centre for Scientific Research | CNRS · UMR 8546 CNRS/ENS Archéologie et Philologie d’Orient et d’Occident - AOrOc

Bulletin AFEAF 2023, 41

The publication at hand are the proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Archaeological Prospection held between March 28 and April 1, 2023, in Kiel, Germany. The content of the articles ranges from local to large-scale case studies all over the world and from various archaeological times, over methodological improvements, new processing...

Saint‐Maurice Abbey in Carnoët (Finistère) underwent an in‐depth archaeological appraisal during 2018–2019, involving several non‐destructive technologies: the geophysical survey revealed the presence of expected structures, drawn on ancient plans, but also the presence of structures unknown up until now. A group of buildings on the edge of the pon...

Séance du 13 novembre 2020

Spatial planning aims at constantly improving the distribution of people and activities within available space, especially near cities on ancient agricultural or industrial areas. However, a proper schedule of the development work necessitates to assess as precisely as possible the difficulties that would be encountered in terms of geotechnical abi...

Dans la version parue, le chapitre s'intitule "Les prospections microtopographiques et géophysiques de l'abbaye de Preuilly" rédigé par Michel Dabas, Gianlucca Catanzariti, Alain Tabbagh & François Blary

For the interpretation of archaeological geophysical data as archaeological features, it is essential that the recorded anomalies can be clearly delineated and analyzed, and therefore, care has been taken to obtain the best possible data. However, as with all measurements, data are degraded by unwanted components, or noise. This review clarifies th...

The program "Voir sous les pavés" (“Seeing under cobblestones”) launched for the study of the Grand'Place in Brussels, under the direction of François Blary (ULB) and Michel Dabas (CNRS-ENS), aimed to detect and map the archaeological structures under this square without performing excavations. If this goal seems very common for a geophysicist, it...

Résumé : Le projet Arkeoplan commencé en 1989 par Katherine Gruel et Olivier Buchsenschutz était lié à une réflexion pour la mise au point d’outils spécifiques de relevé pour les archéologues sur le terrain. SIG avant l’heure, il permettait à partir de photos rectifiées d’établir des cartes planimétriques sur le terrain même des structures photogra...

Chronocarto is a web-GIS developed since 2006 for the representation of cartographic data in Archaeology. It has been designed to allow for networking among researchers, non-specialists in GIS, from the acquisition phase to the enrichment of existing on-line documents. The platform is hosted on the Huma-Num TGIR and supports the concept of projects...

Introduction L'archéo-géophysique est une branche de la géo-physique qui s'est développée depuis maintenant une soixantaine d'années. En France, ce sont les travaux précurseurs d'Albert Hesse au Centre de Recherche Géophysique de Garchy (Nièvre), puis d'Alain Tabbagh qui ont permis dès les années 60 le dévelop-pement de cette géophysique appliquée...

The detection and characterization of buried cables and metal pipes has become a key component of field surveys carried out prior to excavation work on construction sites. The very high conductivity and magnetic permeability contrast between any buried cables/pipes compared with the soil makes electromagnetic induction (EMI) instruments very useful...

Low induction number EMI instruments are able to simultaneously measure a soil's apparent magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity. This family of dual measurement instruments is highly useful for the analysis of soils and archeological sites. However, the electromagnetic properties of soils are found to vary over considerably different...

The very limited range of magnetic permeability variations (from 1.0001 to 1.01 in relative values) that can be observed in soils allows performing 3D linear inversions. To achieve this goal, we propose to successively define a reference conductivity and susceptibility profile, apply a 2D (x, y) Fourier transform to the apparent susceptibility vari...

A wide variety of remote sensing and ground-based (proximal sensing) methods have been developed to describe soil physical properties and their lateral variations. Remote sensing enables the estimation of soil properties over large areas, but the information is often limited to the soil surface. Ground-based methods enable the derivation of soil pr...

This article addresses the characterization of resistive archaeological targets and near surface structures by electromagnetic induction (EMI). It presents tests achieved with the DualEM-421S instrument (Dualem Inc., Milton, Canada) in order to be able to quantitatively compare these measurements to the standard technique of direct-current (d.c.) r...

We have developed an inversion process of electromagnetic induction (EMI) data based on a two-step approach with 1D inversion of the entire studied surface and a fast 3D inversion applied over limited areas. This process is similar to that formerly used in resistivity prospection. For the study of soil (environmental, engineering, or archaeological...

Abstract During the excavation of a block of the Roman small town of Rauranum (Rom, Deux-Sèvres, France) a smithy dating from the 2nd century AD was discovered. The structures (anvil and hearth) were found totally destroyed and the inner organization of the workshop could not be understood at first glance. So, it was decided to map the density of h...

In closed hazardous waste (i.e. industrial) landfills, impermeable covers are used to seal in the waste so as to minimise water infiltration and the accumulation of leachate inside the waste. In this paper, we present a geophysical study performed on a French landfill where the cover was designed using impermeable (clay) and drainage (sand) layers...

Proximal sensing of soil electromagnetic properties is widely used to map spatial land heterogeneity. The mapping instruments use galvanic contact, capacitive coupling or electromagnetic induction. Regardless of the type of instrument, the geometrical configuration between signal transmitting and receiving elements typically defines the shape of th...

Brightness temperature of the ground surface measured by airborne remote sensing after a cold wave in December 2002 has a sufficient depth of investigation to inform about the thermal inertia of the subsoil layer. The comparison of this thermal property to the soil map and to resistivity maps confirms this depth of investigation and shows the abili...

If field applications of the electrostatic method are limited to roughly the first ten metres due to the necessity of staying in a low-induction number domain, the possibilities it opens in urban area surveying, dry hole resistivity logging, non-destructive testing and laboratory studies of the complex resistivity justify the design of a new multi-...

This work aims at developing the bases necessary for taking into account in an integrated manner the soil and sub-soil issues in urban development. The diversity of actors and their concerns lead us to develop different tools, with dedicated uses: 1) a multi-actor debate-aid tool based on multi-criteria analysis, that makes more readable the divers...

This work aims at developing the bases necessary for taking into account in an integrated manner the soil and sub-soil issues in urban development. The diversity of actors and of their concerns lead us to develop different tools, with dedicated uses: 1) a multi-actor debate-aid tool based on multi-criteria analysis, that makes more readable the div...

This study presents the main results of the geophysical survey of ancient Epomanduodurum, at Mandeure–Mathay, Eastern France. In northeastern Gaul, Epomanduodurum is a site of a major scientific interest for the understanding of past settlements and territorial formation at the end of the Iron Age and during the Roman period. The site, including a...

A new multichannel ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system was tested at the Gallo-Roman site of Vieil-Evreux (Evreux, France). The resultant maps are compared with previous ones obtained with the ARP© system and other standard geophysical techniques at the same site. Results show how full-resolution GPR data acquisition methodologies, together with...

Numérisé

Two geoelectrical methods were used to characterize the state of an old French landfill cover. The objectives were to locate different materials used for the covering such as clay material or geomembrane and to identify heterogeneities that could be linked to possible defects in the cover due to fractures or cracks. These damages can induce prefere...

On landfills, an impermeable cover (compacted clay and a Geosynthetic Clay Liner - GCL) is set on the top of waste. However, this protection cover may be damaged: creation of defects' could provoke preferential water pathways and therefore an unusual increase of leachate within the waste. That's why three geophysical methods have been carried out o...

On landfills, an impermeable cover (compacted clay and a Geosynthetic Clay Liner - GCL) is set on the top of waste. However, this protection cover may be damaged: creation of defects' could provoke preferential water pathways and therefore an unusual increase of leachate within the waste. That's why three geophysical methods have been carried out o...

The work presented in this contribution forms part of the BREBEMI project, which was set up in response to a major motorway proposal (about 120 km in length) linking the towns of Brescia, Bergamo and Milan in northern Italy. Within this project, for the first time in Italy, a set of non‐invasive procedures is used systematically in order to reduce...

ERRATUM The Temperature Correction for the Electrical Resistivity Measurements in Undisturbed Soil Samples: Analysis of the Existing Conversion Models and Proposal of a New Model: Erratum Equations, derived in part from the review written by Friedman (1995), contain formulation errors. Equation 4 originally developed by Rhoades et al. (1999) is a...

We attempt to characterize with geophysical methods the state of landfill covers to detect damages that can induce preferential water pathways and unusual increase of leachate within the waste mass. The geophysical methods used were the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), cartography with an Automatic Resistivity Profiling (ARP©), and the Self...

Réalisation et suivi de sites web

At WNW of Paris, a large area of coarse textured soil have been irrigated during one century (until 1999) with urban waste water so that large amount of soil organic matter (SOM), dissolved mineral compounds and metal pollutants accumulated in the surface horizons. One must now identify the volumes of polluted soils in order to favour as the stabil...

The work presented here takes place within the BREBEMI project which is a motorway project between the town of Milano and Brescia in Italy. For the first time, a set of non-invasive tools is used systematically in order to prevent the archaeological risk before the construction of a motorway. This innovative project relies both on: - the systematic...

Réf. bibliogr., ill. en noir et en coul., photogr. , cartes, plans, graph.

The site of “Pierriers” at Batilly-en-Gatinais (France) was first located in aerial photographs (Dominique Chesnoy) taken at the beginning of 2000. Archaeological testing by Rene Chemin from INRAP was carried out in 2005 during the construction of the A19 motorway. Excavation followed between July 2006 and March 2007 under the direction of Sophie L...

How is it possible to comprehend the anthropogenic evolution of landscapes? A. Levy, in his book about urban morphology, states that “the concept of the layouts’ morphology covers how these layouts are distributed within the space of the whole city according to the various stages of urban growths and their expansion procedures”. Thus, the urban bin...

The Gallic oppidum of Gondole (Le Cendre, France) has been subject to a variety of archaeological surveys since the year 2000. Mechanical trenching and aerial photography show that the site occupies an area of 70 hectares. The proto-urban layout of the site has been revealed in a limited excavation (3500 m²) and some of the better quality aerial ph...

Electrical resistivity is a well established and widely used prospection method. The technique has also become a valu- able and inseparable tool in archaeological site evaluation and excavation planning (Clark, 1990). Nowadays, it is routinely used in mapping the sub-surface resistivity varia- tion of an archaeological site. The compilation of maps...

The oppidum of Boviolles is one of the most important Gallic fortifications included in the East of Gallia PCR (Collective Research Program): “Nasium, from oppidum to Gallo-Roman town” with the financial support of the Conseil general de la Meuse Council and French Ministry of Culture. The presence of both a Gallic fortification (main occupation be...

Geophysical investigations through mobile multi-electrode systems, such as the automatic resistivity profiling (ARP) method, can increase the size of the surveyed areas without jeopardizing the spatial resolution of the survey. The representation of the apparent resistivity data in maps corresponding to the different measuring dipoles is sufficient...