Michał Ginter

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor (Full) at University of Warsaw

The early chondrichthyan order Omalodontiformes from the late Early Devonian through to the Late Devonian is characterised by specific teeth. Unlike in most Devonian sharks, their bases are directed labially or are reduced and devoid of labial or lingual extensions. In this paper the complex history of investigation on the dermal skeleton of omalod...

Throughout the Silurian and Devonian, cartilaginous fish successively evolved their specialized skeletal and dental characteristics, and increasingly refined their sensory systems. The Late Devonian shark taxon Maghriboselache mohamezanei gen. et sp. n. from the eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco is known from multiple specimens reserving most of its sk...

Supplementary materials including: Taphonomy Supplementary Table 1 (list of specimens) Description of specimens Remarks on phylogenetic analyses Taxon and Character lists Supplementary Figs. 1 to 55

The Lower Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains is well-known in the field of vertebrate palaeontology but remains unrecognized as regards palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. We therefore analysed the spatial distribution and relative abundance of fossil vertebrates in this area within one time interval. The fauna from an Early Devonian (Emsian) si...

Like other vertebrate groups, chondrichthyans diversified during the Devonian. Although mostly known from their teeth, some conservation deposits like the northern American Cleveland Shale or the northern African Thylacocephalan Layer yield complete skeletons of early chondrichthyans. Based on several nearly complete skeletons and some 3D crania, w...

Among several groups of fishes existing in the Carboniferous, the Chondrichthyes appear to have the greatest stratigraphic potential. However, despite the long history of investigation into Palaeozoic sharks, and especially their teeth, our knowledge of their usefulness in biostratigraphy and palaeoecology is still at an early stage of development....

A tooth of Phoebodus cf. P. sophiae (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) was recovered from the Middle Devonian, Early Givetian, Rockport Quarry Limestone Formation in Alpena, Michigan. It is the first known record of the taxon in Michigan and the third known locality from North America. It is the oldest known record in North America, and possibly worl...

Duck‐billed dinosaurs (Hadrosauridae) were the most common ornithopods of the Late Cretaceous. Second only to sauropods and in many cases exceeding the sizes of the largest land mammals (such as indricotheres or proboscideans), they are among the largest terrestrial herbivores to have walked the Earth. Despite their gigantic size, diversity and abu...

A sample of late Viséan limestone from the Włodawa IG-4 borehole, east of Lublin, Poland, yielded a piece of a tooth and a few hundred well-preserved scales comparable to those of “Ctenacanthus” costellatus Traquair, 1884 from Glencartholm, Scotland, UK. Most of the scales are typical compound body scales of the ctenacanthid type. Their crowns are...

Anatomical knowledge of early chondrichthyans and estimates of their phylogeny are improving, but many taxa are still known only from microremains. The nearly cosmopolitan and regionally abundant Devonian genus Phoebodus has long been known solely from isolated teeth and fin spines. Here, we report the first skeletal remains of Phoebodus from the F...

Two new assemblages of Mississippian pelagic chondrichthyan microremains were recovered from the pelagic limestone of the area of Krzeszowice, NW of Kraków, Poland. The older assemblage represents the upper Tournaisian of Czatkowice Quarry and the younger one the upper Viséan of the Czernka stream valley at Czerna. The teeth of symmoriiform Falcati...

Symmoriiform chondrichthyans are a diverse group of marine Paleozoic vertebrates ranging from the late Devonian Period to Middle Permian Period. From the Indian Cave Sandstone of Nebraska, which was deposited in the upper Pennsylvanian (Gzhelian), three Symmoriiforms have been reported to date: Denaea saltsmani Ginter and Hansen, 2010, Stethacanthu...

The anterior part of a medium-sized shark surrounded by hundreds of ostracod shells was found at the end of the last century in a dark limestone nodule from the Kinderscoutian (Bashkirian, Pennsylvanian) near Carsington, Derbyshire (England, UK). The shark is a caseodontoid eugeneodontiform, most probably belonging to Campodus agassizianus. Its den...

Sparse fish microremains have been found in marine limestones from the Middle Devonian (Givetian) Skały Formation (Sitka Coral-Crinoid Limestone Member and Sierzawy Member), Swietomarz-Sniadka section, Bodzentyn Syncline, Łysogóry Region, northern Holy Cross Mountains, associated with conodonts of the hemiansatus to ansatus zones. Thelodont scales...

The Indian Cave Sandstone (Upper Pennsylvanian, Gzhelian) from the area of Peru, Nebraska, USA, has yielded numerous isolated chondrichthyan remains and among them teeth and dermal denticles of the Symmoriiformes Zangerl, 1981. Two tooth-based taxa were identified: A falcatid Denaea saltsmani Ginter and Hansen, 2010, and a new species of Stethacant...

The Devonian chondrichthyan Phoebodus (Newberry 1889) has long been known from isolated teeth recovered from a wide variety of fossil localities, ranging from the Middle Devonian to the Upper Missippian (Ginter et al. 2010). Here we provide a preliminary report of the first discovery of substantial, partly articulated skeletal and dental remains of...

Samples from the Upper Frasnian (Devonian) of Lompret Quarry and Nismes railway section in Dinant Synclinorium, southern Belgium, yielded several chondrichthyan teeth and scales. The teeth belong to three genera: Phoebodus, Cladodoides and Protacrodus. The comparison with selected Late Frasnian chondrichthyan assemblages from the seas between Lauru...

Among the rich material of chondrichthyan microremains from the Indian Cave Sandstone (Upper Pennsylvanian, Gzhelian) near Peru, Nebraska, USA, housed at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, there occur almost sixty teeth representing Euselachii. They belong to at least seven species, presenting various types of heterodonty. Two new species are...

The relatively rich assemblages of shark teeth from pelagic limestone (Mississippian, late Viséan, late Asbian–middle Brigantian) of three northern European regions: the Rhenish Mountains (Westenfeld Quarry, Germany), the Holy Cross Mountains (Todowa Grząba at the edge of Ostrówka Quarry, Poland), and Derbyshire (Cawdor Quarry, Matlock, England, UK...

Background: Living gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) comprise two divisions, Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes, including euchondrichthyans with prismatic calcified cartilage, and extinct stem chondrichthyans) and Osteichthyes (bony fishes including tetrapods). Most of the early chondrichthyan ('shark') record is based upon isolated teeth, spine...

The assemblages of chondrichthyan microremains from the Famennian of Armenia show great resemblances to those from central iran. particularly, the very rich sample (almost 200 teeth) from the lower Famennian of ertych contains a fauna similar to that from the iranian section of hutk, and the sample from the upper Famennian of khor Virap has its cou...

Habibi, T. and Ginter, M. 2010. Early Carboniferous chondrichthyans from the Mobarak Formation, Central Al-borz Mountains, Iran. Acta Geologica Polonica, 61 (1), 27-34. Well exposed Tournaisian, mainly carbonate, rocks of the Mobarak Formation in the area of Shahmirzad village, Central Alborz, Iran, yielded almost 200 chondrichthyan teeth and scale...

The late Devonian–Carboniferous (D–C) shark Thrinacodus has been known only from highly distinctive teeth since its first description from North America in 1875. The poor quality of illustrations of the type material meant that the thrinacodont tooth form remained unrecognized until the early 1980s when similar teeth were found in D–C boundary beds...

An assemblage of fifteen taxa of chondrichthyan microremains from late Frasnian through late Famennian pelagic deposits of the Kale Sardar section, eastern Iran, is described. Several taxa (Phoebodus bifurcatus, Phoebodus sophiae and Protacrodus vetustus) are reported for the first time from Iran. the presence of Deihim mansureae and Ph. sophiae in...

Study of three sets of chondrichthyan teeth from the Mississippian (Viséan) of Glencartholm, Scotland, namely the dentition of the holotype of a ctenacanthiform shark Goodrichthys eskdalensis, the dentition of a recently found, yet undescribed shark (NMS 2000.14.2), and a group of isolated teeth probably found in a nodule, tentatively suggests that...

Late Famennian assemblages of chondrichthyan microremains, especially teeth, from Nevada and Utah representing two zones of different water depth are analysed and compared to formerly described pelagic chondrichthyan biofacies from the areas between S Euramerica and NW Gondwana. The assemblage from the deeper (deep to moderately deep subtidal) zone...

A diverse shallow water assemblage of chondrichthyan microremains is described from the Famennian of the Chahriseh section, central Iran. twenty-two taxa are identified; of these two new taxa viz. Roongodus phijani gen. et sp. nov. (hybodontoidea) and Arduodens flammeus gen. et sp. nov. (Ctenacanthiformes) have been erected. two morphoecological su...

The continued investigations on the Middle Devonian part (Givetian, Middle through Upper Polygnathus varcus conodont Zones) of the section near the Renanué village in the Aragonian Pyrenees, Spain, brought twelve teeth of chondrichthyan taxa typical of the so-called “Omalodus shark assemblage” (Omalodus grabaui, Phoebodus fastigatus, Ph. sophiae, a...

Two limestone bone-beds in the early Frasnian of the Chahriseh section, central Iran, yielded numerous chondrichthyan teeth and scales. The fauna includes, most probably, only two taxa: a hitherto unknown aztecodontid omalodontiform, Manberodus fortis gen. et sp. nov., and a multicuspid phoebodontiform, provisionally referred to as Phoebodus cf. la...

Upper Frasnian rocks of Utah and Nevada yielded several multicuspid, low-crowned shark teeth. It is proposed that they were used mainly for filtering food from water. Two new chondrichthyan species bearing such teeth were distinguished: a phoebodontid Diademodus utahensis sp. nov., with up to 17 very delicate cusps in the tooth-crown; and a cladodo...

The shallow water assemblage of chondrichthyan microremains, teeth, tooth plates and scales, from the middle Tournaisian (Mississippian) of the vicinity of Muhua village, Guizhou province, southern China, is thus far the richest and most diverse association of this age collected from a single locality and horizon, and represents a chondrichthyan co...

A Lower and basal Middle varcus Zone (Givetian, Middle Devonian) vertebrate association consisting of chondrichtyan teeth and scales of the genus Phoebodus is documented for the first time from the Aragonian Pyrenees of Spain. This record suggests that different teeth morphologies that were previously treated as separate taxa could be grouped in Ph...

The jaws and an allegedly associated orbitotemporal region of a shark braincase are described from the Lower Carboniferous (Upper Viséan, Brigantian Stage, Clackmannan Group, Lower Limestone Formation) of Lugton, Ayrshire, Scotland. The braincase specimen is important because it is associated with a tooth of Cladodus elegans Newberry and Worthen, 1...

The claim that the Carboniferous chondrichthyan genus Cladodus Agassiz, 1843, is a nomen vanum is critically examined. The teeth of C. mirabilis, the type species of the genus, are re-examined from Agassiz's syntypes and other material. It is concluded that C. mirabilis offers a suite of characters adequate for definition of the genus Cladodus...

The claim that the Carboniferous chondrichthyan genus Cladodus Agassiz, 1843, is a nomen vanum is critically examined. The teeth of C. mirabilis, the type species of the genus, are re-examined from Agassiz's syntypes and other material. It is concluded that C. mirabilis offers a suite of characters adequate for definition of the genus Cladodus. Com...

The teeth of a well known late Palaeozoic cladodont chondrichthyan, "Cladodus" occidentalis from Russia, USA, and England are restudied and a new generic name, Glikmanius gen. nov., is proposed for this species. Yet another tooth-based species, formerly described as ?Symmorium myachkovensis, occurring on the Russian Platform and in Nebraska, is con...

A. 2004. The first Devonian holocephalian tooth from Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (3): 409–415. A recently found "bradyodont" holocephalian tooth from bituminous shales of the Kowala Quarry, south−western Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, dated as the middle Famennian Palmatolepis trachytera conodont Zone, is described. In spite of its rese...

The revision of shark teeth from the Pennsylvanian black shales of central USA, ascribed to "Phoebodus heslerorum" Williams, 1985 and Symmorium reniforme Cope, 1893, shows that "Ph. heslerorum" is a junior synonym of "Cladodus" divergens Trautschold, 1879. This species belongs neither to Phoebodus nor to Cladodus, so a new genus Heslerodus is propo...

New chondrichthyan microremains from several Frasnian-Famennian sections in the Holy Cross Mountains and Dȩbnik area (Southern Poland) are investigated and compared to previous data. The reaction of different groups of chondrichthyans to environmental changes during the Kellwasser Event is analysed. Following the extinction of phoebodont sharks of...

This is a review of Middle and Late Devonian chondrichthyans from pelagic facies of the South Urals and southern Poland. Short descriptions are given of 16 well defined species, referred to seven shark genera. Stratigraphic ranges of these species confirm that the representatives of Protacrodontoidea and Stethacanthidae were resistant to changes in...

Stratigraphic distributions of Late Devonian vertebrate taxa from four East European Platform regions: The Main Devonian Field, Timan-Pechora Province, Belarus, and the Central Devonian Field, are presented. Traditional stratigraphic subdivisions of these regions are provisionally correlated with the placoderm-based vertebrate zonation of the Main...

Chondrichthyan microremains from a section at Soureillé d'Izarne (Montagne Noire, southern France), with a new species, Thrinacodus tranquillus sp. n., are described and compared to several other late Famennian pelagic chondrichthyan assemblages. Three general chondrichthyan biofacies are distinguished: shallow water Protacrodus biofacies; intermed...

Early Famennian microvertebrates from the Cape Fortune Member, Parry Islands Formation, of the Beverley Inlet area of Melville Island, Arctic Canada, comprise the teeth and possible scales of a new phoebodontid shark, Phoebodus rayi sp. n., of a protacrodont shark. Protacrodus aequalis IVANOV, and rare teeth of other sharks. The new phoebodont from...

Taxonomy of the Late Devonian placoderm remains from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, described by Gorizdro-Kulczycka (L934,1950) and Kulczycki (1956, 1957), is revised. Several recently found specimens are also mentioned. The old collections are composed of representatives of Ptyctodontidae, Holonematidae, Plourdosteidae, Pholi-dosteidae, Selenos...

New chondrichthyan material from the Lower Carboniferous of Poland, the Urals and the Moscow Syneclise has been described. The studied shark teeth represent two species of the genus Bransonella (Xenacanthida, chondrichthyes) : B. nebraskensis (JOHNSON) and B. lingulata sp. n. The teeth bear a well defined, chevron-shaped ornament, which distinguish...

A subdivision of the upper part of the Devonian (varcus through praesulcata conodont zones) into six ichthyolith zones is proposed. The zonation is based on the stratigraphic ranges of elasmobranch teeth from the pelagic facies of Central and Eastern Europe. Species of the genus Phoebodus were chosen as index taxa. A gap in the zonation in the lowe...

Ivanov, A. 1992. Devonian phoebodont shark teeth. Acta Palaeonto-logica Polonica 37, 1 , 55-75. Shark teeth of the phoebodont type are the most common and diverse group of Upper Devonian ichthyoliths in the pelagic facies of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland), South Urals and Timan (Russia). They were also found i n the Givetian o f Kuznetsk Basin (...

ABSTRACT The Frasnian-Famennian limestone sequence of Lesni lorn displays a series of significant gaps, especially at a stratigraphical level encompassing the final Late Pa. rhenana Zone and the Early Pa. triangularis Zone. Mixed nearshore and nektonic/pelagic faunas, as well as mixed allochems derived from a large spectrum of facies belts, point t...

Late Famennian shark teeth, mostly of the phoebodonts, have been found in the residues of conodont samples from the Holy Cross Mts. Two new species of the genus Phoebodus, viz. Ph. gothicus sp.n. and Ph. limpidus sp.n., have been established. Provisional stratigraphic ranges of the three most significant species: Thrinacodus ferox (Turner), Phoebod...

Interrelationships between major groups of Devonian chondrichthyans and the origin of Late Palaeozoic xenacan-thiform sharks are considered on the grounds of tooth morphology and biostratigraphy. Suggestion that clado-dont-toothed sharks appeared later in the evolution than the diplodont ones is combined with the idea of a phoebodontiform ancestry...