Michael Williams

• Governors State University

We examine the impact of changes in Greek sovereign yield spreads on abnormal returns of financial sector stocks for a sample of Eurozone countries, during the Greek debt crisis. We find that increases in yield spreads are associated with negative abnormal returns on financial stocks in the Portugal, Spain and Netherlands. These abnormal returns ar...

We examine daily cross-market return interactions and downside risk between a US REIT returns index and the return indexes of twelve international REIT markets. These relationships are investigated for a period of normal REIT market conditions as well as for periods of inflating and collapsing REIT prices. We find that US REIT returns are contempor...

This chapter examines relationships among currency and commodity futures markets based on four commodity-exporting countries' currency futures returns and a range of index-based commodity futures returns. These four commodity linked currencies are the Australian dollar, the Canadian dollar, the New Zealand dollar, and the South African rand. It is...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the 2008 SEC short selling ban on financial firms and whether this ban negatively impacted private information provision in these short‐restricted equities. Design/methodology/approach – This paper employs the French and Roll Variance Ratio (VR) as a proxy for private information provision in both...

We examine the relationship between four commodity-exporting countries' currency returns and a range of index-based commodity returns. We use daily futures data to investigate the fast dynamics between commodity prices and currency exchange rates while avoiding market imperfections in the commodity spot market. We find that commodity/currency relat...

Our study examines market sentiment and the importance of trading location in British American Depository Receipts (ADRs) traded in the US. Perfect integration between UK markets and UK ADRs is ruled out given that UK ADRs exhibit an intraday, U-shaped volatility curve. Both a variance decomposition analysis and an EGARCH model show that UK ADR ret...

Background Supratentorial PNET (sPNET) are rare CNS tumors of embryonal origin arising in children and adults. The treatment of sPNET for all age groups at our cancer center has been based on the management of medulloblastoma (MB), involving neurosurgical debulking followed by cranio-spinal irradiation (CSI) and systemic chemotherapy.Methods Medica...

We report 2 cases of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the salivary glands, complicating Sjögren's syndrome. The sonographic and histological features are described in depth. The use of sonography as a diagnostic aid in such patients is discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2007

Adrogolide (ABT‐431; DAS‐431) is a chemically stable prodrug that is converted rapidly (<1 min) in plasma to A‐86929, a full agonist at dopamine D 1 receptors. In in vitro functional assays, A‐86929 is over 400 times more selective for dopamine D 1 than D 2 receptors. In rats with a unilateral loss of striatal dopamine, A‐86929 produces contralater...

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Alterations in the myogenic activity of the bladder smooth muscle are thought to serve as a basis for the involuntary detrusor contractions associated with the overactive bladder. Activation of ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels has been recognized as a potentially viable mechanism to modulate membrane excitability in bladder smooth muscle. In th...

ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel openers (KCOs) have been shown to inhibit spontaneous myogenic contractile activity of the urinary bladder, a mechanism hypothesized to underlie detrusor instability and symptoms of overactive bladder. However, the therapeutic utility of KCOs has been limited by a lack of differentiation of bladder versus va...

N-[3-(1H-Imidazol-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethanesulfonamide (ABT-866, 1) is a novel alpha(1) agent having the unique profile of alpha(1A) (rabbit urethra, EC(50) = 0.60 microM) agonism with alpha(1B) (rat spleen, pA(2) = 5.4) and alpha(1D) (rat aorta, pA(2) = 6.2) antagonism. An in vivo dog model showed 1 to be more selective for the urethra over the vas...

N-[3-(1H-Imidazol-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethanesulfonamide, maleate (ABT-866) is a novel alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agent with mixed pharmacological properties in vitro. Compared to phenylephrine, ABT-866 demonstrates intrinsic activity at the alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor subtype present in the rabbit urethra (pD(2) = 6.22, with 80% of the phenylephrine response),...

N-[3-(1H-Imidazol-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethanesulfonamide, maleate (ABT-866) is a novel α1-adrenoceptor agent with mixed pharmacological properties in vitro. Compared to phenylephrine, ABT-866 demonstrates intrinsic activity at the α1A-adrenoceptor subtype present in the rabbit urethra (pD2=6.22, with 80% of the phenylephrine response), reduced intrins...

Fiduxosin is an alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist with higher affinity for alpha(1A)-adrenoceptors and for alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors than for alpha(1B)-adrenoceptors. Our hypothesis is that such a compound with higher affinity for subtypes implicated in the control of lower urinary tract function and lower affinity for a subtype implicated in the cont...

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), common in aging males, is often treated with alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists. To minimize hypotensive and other side effects, compounds with selective antagonist activity at alpha(1A)- and alpha(1D)- (compared with alpha(1B)-) adrenoceptors were evaluated that would block lower urinary tract alpha(1)-adrenocept...

Figure 2. Relationships between variables and LUI (land use index) for the Cabras (closed circle) and Pisca (open circle) catchments. Both catchment were pooled together in this figure, however, statistical tests were performed separately for each catchment. Download figure to PowerPoint

Adenosine (ADO) receptor activation modulates sensory transmission in the dorsal horn. Little is known about the circumstances underlying release of the purine. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of a novel and potent non-nucleoside adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitor, ABT-702, on the responses of dorsal horn neurones to selected...

The measurement of passive use values has become an important issue in environmental economics. In this paper we examine an extension or variant of contingent valuation, the choice experiment, which employs a series of questions with more than two alternatives that are designed to elicit responses that allow the estimation of preferences over attri...

The abstract basis of the polity-economy relation is examined in order to comprehend the current economic limitations upon feasible politics. It is argued that contemporary mixed-economies have a deontological (rights/obligations based) rather than a consequentialist (outcomes-based) legitimation, expressing the conflict between the imperatives of...

Recent evidence suggests the existence of a diversity of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) subtypes with a wide distribution in brain, that each subtype may be involved in mediating specific functions/behaviors, and that these subtypes have a defined pharmacology that may be selectively targeted (Arnerić et al., 1995a). The pharmac...

A-80426 (N-[2-(benzofuran-6-yl)ethyl]-N-[(R)−( + )-5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl methyl]-N-methylamine) is a novel compound with potential antidepressant activity. A-80426 inhibits synaptosomal serotonin (5HT) uptake (IC50 = 13 nM) more potently than fluoxetine (IC50 = 308 nM), and blocks [3H]-paroxetine binding (K1 = 3.8 nM) to 5HT u...

A‐80426 N ‐[2‐(benzofuran‐6‐yl)ethyl]‐ N ‐[(R)−( + (‐5‐methoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalen‐1‐yl methyl]‐ N ‐methylamine) is a compound that combines in vitro selective inhibition of serotonin synaptosomal uptake and α 2 ‐adrenoceptor antagonism. In the present studies, A‐80426 was evaluated in vivo for its ability to block serotonin uptake and α 2...

Evidence is accumulating to suggest that compounds which activate neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) may have potential benefit in the treatment of dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (for review: Arneric and Williams, 1994). The focus of this chapter is to summarize the preclinical pharmacology of ABT-418 [(S)-3-methyl-5...

The events of 1989–92 and the flood of advice from bourgeois economists is critically examined in the light of the Hegelian-Marxist theory of the mixed economy. The (sometimes catastrophic) failures of transition are laid at the door of the neglect of civil society.

The adenosine agonist 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenylethylamino)-5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS21680) was recently reported to be selective for the A2 adenosine receptor subtype, which mediates its hypotensive action. To investigate structure/activity relationships at a distal site, CGS21680 was derivatized using a functionalized congener approach...

This study examines the private information impact of the Security and Exchange Commission's 2008 short sale ban. This study finds that, private information provision increased significantly with the onset of the 2007-2008 financial crisis. Against the stated intentions of the SEC, private information provision significantly decreased with the shor...