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Publications
Publications (64)
Our understanding of the importance of microbiomes on large aquatic animals—such as whales, sea turtles and manatees—has advanced considerably in recent years. The latest observations indicate that epibiotic diatom communities constitute diverse, polyphyletic, and compositionally stable assemblages that include both putatively obligate epizoic and...
Background: Our understanding of the importance of microbiomes on large aquatic animals—such as whales, sea turtles and manatees—has advanced considerably in recent years. Recent activity describing the epizoic diatoms growing on marine vertebrates suggests that these epibiotic diatom communities constitute diverse, polyphyletic, and compositionall...
Our understanding of the importance of microbiomes on large aquatic animals—such as whales, sea turtles and manatees—has advanced considerably in recent years. Recent activity describing epizoic diatoms suggests that epibiotic diatom communities constitute diverse, polyphyletic, and compositionally stable assemblages that include both putatively ob...
The diatom genus Proschkinia is a common element of biofilms covering diverse substrata in saline inland or shallow coastal environments. It can be distinguished from other naviculoid taxa by its lanceolate valves with a fistula located within the central area and numerous open girdle bands with a U-shaped cross-section and a single row of perforat...
The loggerhead sea turtle is the most common species of marine turtle in the Adriatic Sea. Here, the neritic habitats represent important feeding pasture for these omnivorous reptiles. Currently, despite of the extensive conservation effort, what can be called the anthropogenic disturbance remains the greatest threat to these animals. Due to variou...
The current study characterizes numerous populations of epizoic “gomphonemoid” diatoms found on five sea turtle species inhabiting all three oceans, highlighting both the remarkable morphological plasticity found within each of these populations and the lack of morphological discontinuity among them. As diatom epibiosis on sea turtles (and other ma...
Until now only one group of diatoms, the Bacillariaceae, was known to contain heterotrophic representatives. We show that a second group, represented by species in the genus Tursiocola, has undergone evolutionary loss of photosynthesis within the Bacillariophyta. Heterotrophy was evidenced by the presence of only apochlorotic cells in live and moti...
It has been known for a long time that marine mammals, such as whales and dolphins, host a very specific epizoic community on their skin. Whether or not a similar community exists on the carapaces of sea turtles is less studied. The present paper describes two new epizoic diatoms from the genus Achnanthes sensu stricto, Achnanthes elongata and Achn...
Medlinella amphoroidea gen. et sp. nov. is described from the dorsal neck skin of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). The presence of girdle septa, multiple copulae, and the marine epizoic habitat of Medlinella amphoroidea are characteristic features shared with many species in the similar Tripterion, Chelonicola, and Poulinea genera. The sem...
Tursiocola denysii sp. nov. is described from the dorsal neck skin of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), bringing the total number of known species in the genus Tursiocola to eight. A gradient of striae density on the valve face, the low length: width ratio of the valves, radiate striae at mid-valve, and a second partial row of pores on the...
The marine araphid diatom Pteroncola carlinii sp. nov. from a coastal Antarctic environment was described
based on light and scanning electron microscopy observations. The new species was found as solitary cells in the phytoplankton and epiphytic on green algal filaments or diatom chains. It was distinguished from P. inane, the only recognized spec...
A case study is presented to test the notion that minority pottery types from 16th century contexts at the Fountain of Youth (FOY) site in St. Augustine reflect population movements from the north that preceded major political reorganizations in the region. Petrographic methods are employed to trace the manufacturing origins of early historic perio...
Navicula spartinetensis Sullivan et Reimer was originally described from the sediments of a Delaware salt marsh on the east coast of the USA in 1975. This diatom species was first reported from Europe in the Dangast (North Sea) tidal flat sediments using this specific epithet some 30 years later. Further studies have led to its identification in co...
Short-term effects of two consecutive hurricanes on physical, chemical, and biological factors were examined in a Louisiana coastal lagoon (Bay Champagne) with a focus on effects to basal food resources. Hurricanes Gustav and Ike made landfall on Louisiana's coast on 1 and 13 September 2008, respectively. Water column and sediment chlorophyll a (Ch...
Eutrophication of coastal waters often leads to excessive growth of microalgal epiphytes attached to seagrass leaves; however, the effect of increased nutrient levels on sediment microalgae has not been studied within seagrass communities. A slow-release NPK Osmocote fertilizer was added to sediments within and outside beds of the shoal grass Halod...
ABSTRACTA new diatom genus and species, Porguenia peruviana Sullivan, is described from an Eocene marine deposit from the Paracas Peninsula, Peru. The value outline is circular and the areolation is best described as pseudoloculate; spines of any type are lacking. A ring of elongated, densely packed rimoportulae is situated on the secondary margina...
Edaphic diatoms were collected from 5 representative habitats of Canary Creek salt marsh, Lewes, Delaware, from 24 July 1969 to 21 July 1970. Of the 104 taxa encountered, 32 had a general distribution on the marsh and 41 were endemic to one of the 5 habitats sampled. Three of the habitats supported stands of grasses: tall Spartina alterniflora Lois...
We attempted to determine the extent to which benthic diatoms contribute to water column primary productivity in shallow-water estuaries and to elucidate the primary mechanisms responsible for suspending the diatoms. A perliminary study conducted in Mugu Lagoon, California indicated that productivity of ocean water entering the lagoon during flood...
Primary production rates of edaphic algae associated with the sediments beneath four monospecific canopies of vascular plants were determined over an annual cycle in a Mississippi salt marsh. The edaphic algal flora was dominated by small, motile pennate diatoms. Algal production (as measured by 14C uptake) was generally highest in spring-early sum...
We characterized the physical/chemical conditions and the algal and bacterial assemblages in ballast water from 62 ballast tanks aboard 28 ships operated by the U.S. Military Sealift Command and the Maritime Administration, sampled at 9 ports on the U.S. West Coast and 4 ports on the U.S. East Coast. The ballast tank waters had been held for 2–176...
Edaphic bluegreen algal communities were sampled from five menotypic angiosperm zones in Grvelline Bay Marsh near Ocean Spring. Mississippi. Samples and environmental data were taken on a quarterly basis from October 1976 to June 1977 beneath the following marsh angiosperms: Distichlis spicata (L.) Green, Scirpus olneyi gray, SPartina patens (Aiton...
Edaphic diatoms were collected on a seasonal basis from beneath five monospecific stands of spermatophytes on Graveline Bay Marsh (Mississippi) from 14 October 1976 through 21 June 1977. Of the 119 diatom taxa encountered. only seven were restricted to a single edaphic habitat, and five of these accounted for 17.2%of the individuals comprising the...
ABSTRACTA canonical correlation analysis was performed to examine the degree to which edaphic diatom distribution in Graveline Bay Marsh, Mississippi could be related to environmental factors. It was possible to collapse the complex data base into two interpretable, orthogonal dimensions and to identify five distinct diatom communities. Diatom dist...
The enzyme activity of ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was measured in four species of marine benthic diatoms isolated from subtidal sediments of Graveline Bayou, Mississippi. Enzyme activities were measured in cultures of Amphora micrometra Giffen, A. tenerrima Aleem and Hustedt...
Isotopic tracer additions were used in a field setting to differentially label primary producers within seagrass communities and trace the flow of nitrogen to consumers. Tracer experiments were coupled with fertilisation treatments, as the tracer was added to the system via a N-15-depleted (i.e. N-14-enriched) fertiliser. N-15-depleted fertiliser w...
Abstract We characterized the physical/chemical conditions and the algal and bacterial assemblages,in ballast water from 62 ballast tanks aboard 28 ships operated by the U.S. Military Sealift Command and the Maritime Administration, sampled at 9 ports on the U.S. West Coast and 4 ports on the U.S. East Coast. The ballast tank waters had been held f...
Benthic microalgae are a ubiquitous feature in sediments directly exposed to full sunlight or shaded by a vascular plant canopy
in coastal salt marshes. Diatoms, cyanobacteria, and green algae are the dominant groups. Of these, diatoms are universally
present and abundant, exhibit migratory rhythms driven mainly by light, and are by far the taxonom...
Multiple stable isotope analyses were employed to examine food web dynamics in a northern Gulf of Mexico seagrass system in which epiphytic algae were the single most important primary productivity component, being responsible for 46 and 60% of total system and benthic primary production, respectively. The seagrass Halodule wrightii Ascherson contr...
Ophrydium colonies were collected from a pond cypress swamp near Florala, Alabama and examined for diatoms. Observations of living colonies showed large numbers of motile diatoms with the ability to traverse the mucilage of the gelatinous ball. SEM observations indicated that diatoms were more concentrated on the surface of the protozoan colony tha...
Monospecific beds of the seagrasses Halodule wrightii, Syringodium filiforme and Thalassia testudinum were enriched with a slow-release Osmocote(TM) (N-P-K) fertilizer from August 1993 through September 1994. Primary production rates (as C-14 uptake), biomass (dry weight), and chlorophyll a (chl a) (measured by HPLC) of epiphytes in enriched beds w...
A new diatom genus and species, Australodiscus peruvianus Porguen et Sullivan, is described from an Eocene marine deposit from the Paracas Peninsula, Peru. The valve outline is stellate with ocelli and rimoportulae situated singly on alternate points of the star. The rimoportulae are winged and situated on a secondary marginal ridge. Three types of...
A new diatom genus and species, Australodiscus peruvianus Porguen et Sullivan, is described from an Eocene marine deposit from the Paracas Peninsula, Peru. The valve outline is stellate with ocelli and rimoportulae situated singly on alternate points of the star. The rimoportulae are winged and situated on a secondary marginal ridge. Three types of...
We have made detailed SEM studies of the diatoms Ardissonea formosa (Hantzsch) Grunow and Synedra bacillaris (Grunow) Hustedt collected as epiphytes from seagrass leaves. The siliceous architecture of A. formosa clearly conforms in all respects to the detailed generic circumscription of Ardissonea De Notaris as put forth by Round et al. (1990), wit...
The sandy sediments beneath beds of the seagrass Halodule wrightii Ascherson in Mississippi Sound support a diverse and productive benthic microalgal assemblage. Over an annual cycle (June 1989-June 1990), virtually all algal cells comprising the sand microflora were small araphid, monoraphid, and biraphid pennate diatoms < 15-mu-m in length. Chlor...
Primary production rates of 4 autotrophic components in Halodule wrightii Aschers. beds off Horn Island in Mississippi Sound (USA) were measured over an annual cycle. Hourly production rates varied from as little as 0.9 mg C m-' for H, wrightii leaves in winter to as high as 1143 mg C m-' for eplphytic algae during summer. Stepwise multiple regress...
Carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were measured in an irregularly flooded Mississippi, USA, salt marsh to evaluate the relative importance of vascular plants and algae in the food web. Primary producers had l s t i n c t 6I3c values: Spartina alterniflora (hereafter Spartina) (-13%), Juncus roemerianus (hereafter Juncus) (-26Y~), a...
Edaphic diatoms were collected on a monthly basis from beneath four monospecific stands of vascular plants on Graveline Bay Marsh, Mississippi from 12 April 1985 through 26 March 1986. A total of 155 diatom taxa in 30 genera were identified; more than half of these taxa belonged to the genera Navicula and Nitzschia. Virtually all of the more abunda...
The edaphic algal flora was dominated by small, motile pennate diatoms. Algal production (14C uptake) was generally highest in spring-early summer and lowest in fall. Hourly rates ranged from a low of 1.4mg C/m2 in Juncus roemerianus to a high of 163mg C/m2 beneath Scirpus olneyi canopy. A soil moisture index and chlorophyll a were the best environ...
The diatom Cosmiodiscus beaufortianus Hustedt was abundant in marine fossil material collected in drill cores from coastal environments of Mississippi, U.S.A. Scanning electron microscope observations showed that this taxon possesses a single pseudonodule per valve and a ring of labiate processes along the upper portion of the valve mantle. The dis...
Epilithic and epiphytic diatoms were collected monthly from 18 June 1979 through 19 May 1980 from both shaded and unshaded sites of Sessums Creek, a shallow, oligotrophic and strongly alkaline stream in northeastern Mississippi. The dominant macroalgae were filamentous green algae belonging to the non-mucilage producing genera Cladophora and Rhizoc...
Diatoms were collected from the red algae Bostrychia radicans and Caloglossa leprieurii which were attached to dead stems of Spartina alterniflora and from sandy sediments in which the spermatophytes were rooted in St. Louis Bay, Mississippi. The dominant taxa in both communities were Anaulus balticus, Fragilaria atomus, F. pinnata, and Nitzschia m...
Edaphic diatoms were collected seasonally from a monotypic stand of Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene on Graveline Bay Marsh, Mississippi, in which the marsh surface had been enriched with NH4Cl and exposed to high light intensity by clipping the grass shoots. Clipping greatly reduced species diversity (H′) and the number of taxa in a sample (S) in al...
Epiphytic diatoms were collected on 20 July 1977 from the leaves of three seagrass species (Halodule beaudettei, Cymodocea filiforme, and Thalassia testudinum) in Mississippi Sound, U.S.A. Examination of cleaned material under the light and scanning electron microscope revealed a total of 45 diatom taxa epiphytic on the three seagrasses. The four m...
Epiphytic diatoms were collected from both the leaves and internodes of Ruppia maritima in a New Jersey salt marsh during the growing season of the host plant. Community diversity (H and the number of diatom taxa) values were initially high as Ruppia began its growth, but quickly dropped to sustained low levels as vegetative growth of the host ceas...
Edaphic diatoms inhabiting the sediments beneath dwarf Spartina alterniflora Loisel. and S. patens (Ait.) Muhl. in Great Bay salt marsh, Tuckerton, New Jersey were collected from 24 September 1974 through 20 August 1975. Of the 91 taxa encountered, 8 were endemic to the dwarf S. alterniflora habitat and 42 endemic to the S. patens habitat. The edap...
The long-term effects of manipulating light intensity and nutrient enrichment on the structural characteristics of a diatom community inhabiting the sediments beneath a pure stand of dwarf Spartina alterniflora Loisel. were investigated over a yearly cycle. Clipping or shading the cord grass cover, or phosphorus enrichment caused significant decrea...
The long-term effects of manipulating light intensity and nutrient enrichment on the structural characteristics of a diatom community inhabiting the sediments beneath a pure stand of dwarf Spartina alterniflora Loisel. were investigated over a yearly cycle. Clipping or shading the cord grass cover, or phosphorus enrichment caused significant decrea...
The effects on edaphic algae associated with a pure stand of the cord grass, Spartina alterniflora Loisel of manipulating light intensity and additions of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus as fertilizers to the marsh surface have been investigated for one year. The standing crop of edaphic algae as measured by chlorophyll a production was limited o...
Four diatom taxa are described from a salt marsh environment as new(Amphora spartinetensis, Navicula lindae, Navicula spartinetensis, and Navicula binodulosa). Morphological and ecological variability are reported for three other taxa, two of which were collected in a habitat of the marsh where the salinity of the interstitial water bathing the cel...
Fertilization of a low marsh area inhabited by the cord grass,Spartina alterniflora, with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds was conducted on a monthly basis during the 1972 growing season. Yield
of the cord grass, as measured by an increase in fresh weight after its harvest, was significantly higher in the nitrogen
fertilized area when co...
Turf and putting quality of greens can be adversely affected by the colonisation of algae and cyanobacteria. The persistence of these colonies may be related to a number of factors including the composition of species, relative abundance of specific species, and/or the inoculum source of species. This study surveyed algal and cyanobacterial populat...
The chief objective of the research is to test the hypothesis that light intensity and nutrients are significant factors in the structure of the edaphic diatom assemblage and in the abundance of edaphic soil algae.
Missing pp. 90-92. Research on the ecology of Delaware's tidal salt marshes has focused on nutrient and energy budgets of such areas. The flux of various forms of phosphorus and nitrogen in the water entering and leaving the marshes has been investigated, the role of bacteria in nutrient cycling has been studied and the production of the angiosperm...
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Delaware, 1971.
