Michael V Paukshto

Fibralign | FIBRABIO

Lymphedema and specifically cancer-related lymphedema is not the main focus for both patients and physicians dealing with cancer. Its etiology is an unfortunate complication of cancer treatment. Although lymphedema treatments have gained an appreciable consensus, many practitioners have developed and prefer their own specific protocols and this is...

Secondary lymphedema is a common condition among cancer survivors, and treatment strategies to prevent or treat lymphedema are in high demand. The development of novel strategies to diagnose or treat lymphedema would benefit from a robust experimental animal model of secondary lymphedema. The purpose of this methods paper is to describe and summari...

Background The aim of our study was to evaluate a new propeller vascularized lymphatic tissue flap (pVLNT) combined with aligned nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds (CS) (BioBridge) in reducing lymphedema in the rat lymphedema model. Methods Unilateral left hindlimb lymphedema was created in 15 female Sprague–Dawley rats following inguinal and poplite...

Extracellular matrix proteins (ECMs) provide structural support and dynamic signaling cues that regulate cell behavior and tissue morphogenesis [...]

Cell dissemination during tumor development is a characteristic of cancer metastasis. Dissemination from three-dimensional spheroid models on extracellular matrices designed to mimic tissue-specific physiological microenvironments may allow us to better elucidate the mechanism behind cancer metastasis and the response to therapeutic agents. The ori...

Dysfunctional endothelial cells (EC) can restrict flow in the extremities, leading to limb ischemia. We aim to improving revascularization of ischemic limbs using cell therapy, augmented with spatially patterned scaffolds that promote survival. The purpose was to evaluate the effect spatially patterned scaffolds on endothelial cell survival. The bi...

The manual is devoted to the presentation of the fundamentals of the coupled wave method and its application to solving problems of calculating one-dimensional and two-dimensional diffraction gratings. The method is most effective in the case of calculating and designing binary optical systems. A detailed derivation of the calculation formulas for...

Background We tested our hypothesis that implantation of aligned nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds (BioBridge™) can both prevent and reduce established lymphedema in the rat lymphedema model. Our authors report clinical cases that demonstrate new lymphatic formation guided by BioBridge™ as seen by near-infrared (NIR) fluoroscopy and magnetic resonan...

The paper describes a methodology for determining the optical and physical properties of anisotropic thin film materials. This approach allows in the future designing multilayer thin-film coatings with specified properties. An inverse problem of determining the permittivity tensor and the thickness of a thin film deposited on a glass substrate is f...

The most abundant protein in the human body, collagen, is widely used in tissue culture and engineering applications, spanning from substrate functionalization to fibrillar architectures and three-dimensional constructs. Collagen piezoelectricity provides an opportunity to exploit electromechanical coupling in these applications, wherein an applied...

Background: Chemical modification of mRNA (mmRNA) substantially improves their stability and translational efficiency within cells. Nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds were previously shown to enable the spatially localized delivery and temporally controlled release of mmRNA encoding HGF both in vitro and in vivo. Materials & methods: Herein we develo...

Cell therapy for treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a promising approach but is limited by poor cell survival when cells are delivered using saline. The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds as a vehicle for the delivery of human stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and then to assess t...

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury is the traumatic loss of skeletal muscle fibers, along with associated vascular and neural structures, resulting in long‐term functional disability. To date, several strategies have been developed to target skeletal muscle and vascular regeneration and recovery of muscle function, with only limited improvements r...

RNA-based vector delivery is a promising gene therapy approach. Recent advances in chemical modification of mRNA structure to form modified mRNA (mmRNA or cmRNA or modRNA) have substantially improved their stability and translational efficiency within cells. However, mmRNA conventionally delivered in solution can be taken up non-specifically or bec...

Biological approaches to augment angiogenesis are promising for treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We propose the use of scaffold-based modified mRNA (mmRNA) delivery as a favorable approach for transient, localized gene delivery. We hypothesized that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mmRNA-seeded nanofibrillar scaffolds will enable local...

The objective of this study was to enhance the angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells (ECs) using nano-scale signaling cues from aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds in the setting of tissue ischemia. Thread-like nanofibrillar scaffolds with porous structure were fabricated from aligned-braided membranes generated under shear from liquid crystal colla...

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are longitudinally oriented in regions of laminar flow, but randomly distributed in regions of disturbed flow. The unaligned ECs in disturbed flow fields manifest altered function and reduced survival that promote atherosclerotic lesion formation. We hypothesized that the alignment of the ECs may directly influence...

Cell-based approaches to improve blood perfusion are promising for treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, cell delivery alone is limited by poor cell survival and the lack of organization among newly formed vessels. We hypothesized that parallel-aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds may guide endothelial cell (EC) assembly and accelerat...

Keloids are locally exuberant dermal scars characterized by excessive fibroblast proliferation and matrix accumulation. Although treatment strategies include surgical removal and intralesional steroid injections, an effective regimen is yet to be established due to a high rate of recurrence. The regressing center and growing margin of the keloid ha...

Electromechanical coupling, a phenomenon present in collagenous materials, may influence cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Here, electromechanical coupling has been investigated via piezoresponse force microscopy in transparent and opaque membranes consisting of helical-like arrays of aligned type I collagen fibrils self-assembled from acidic...

In general, the present invention is related to collagen compositions and thin films, and to methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, the present invention is directed to “uniaxial pattern” or “linear pattern” collagen materials, compositions and thin films, and methods of making.

Endothelial cells (ECs) are aligned longitudinally under laminar flow, whereas they are polygonal and poorly aligned in regions of disturbed flow. The unaligned ECs in disturbed flow fields manifest altered function and reduced survival that promote lesion formation. We demonstrate that the alignment of the ECs may directly influence their biology,...

In this study, we investigated how matrix nanotopography affects corneal fibroblast phenotype and matrix synthesis. To this end, corneal fibroblasts isolated from bovine corneas were grown on collagen nanofiber scaffolds of different diameters and alignment--30 nm aligned fibrils (30A), 300 nm or larger aligned fibrils (300A), and 30 nm nonaligned...

The electrical power available from a photovoltaic (PV) module can be simulated with the well-known and widely used [1–4] single diode equation. Five parameters must be known in the equation to determine the current-voltage relationship (I–V curve) for the module. These parameters can be obtained by fitting the experimental I–V curve at a fixed tem...

The paper introduces novel software code for evaluation of dielectric tensor of biaxial layer incorporated into multilayer stack. The algorithm utilizes the reflectance and transmttance for several polarization states and angles of incidence in the case of Berreman approach or reflective and transmissive Mueller-matrixes in the case of extended Jon...

The paper introduces novel wire-grid polarizers created by Wostec, Inc. based on self-forming patterning induced by ion bombardment and new software developed for optimization of such structures in LCDs. The model utilizes differential theory of diffraction gratings coupled with 4×4 matrix method to provide fast convergence of parallel computations...

— The initial results on the optical properties of lyotropic liquid crystals under shear and following the cessation of flow are presented in the paper. Disk-shaped aromatic molecules that self-assemble into columnar nano-stacks in the water form the supramolecule — the basic structural element of these liquid crystals. The nature of the flow is an...

The paper describes a use of enhanced Optiva thin-crystal film (TCF) coatings for the correction of color errors (blue leakage) and color variations in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Here we present new measurements and simulations for a compensated TN LCD and focus on additional improvements in color and iso-contrast display characteristics. The...

Current LCD design has about 5-7% transmittance in white state without DBEF 3M (double brightness enhancing film) and up to 10-14% with DBEF film. We presented design, which can further increase brightness up to 60%. The basics for this design are new Optiva materials with high birefringence about 0.3-0.4 and low absorption losses in the visible sp...

— A thin-crystalline-film (TCF) polarizer has been developed which can be used internally in liquid-crystal-display cells. Based on this material, a manufacturing process has been developed for the fabrication of monochrome LCDs with internal polarizers. A new TCF polarizer material and coating equipment, developed to realize a high-performance col...

The development of Thin Crystal Film™,a sheet polarizer by Optiva Inc., has presented new opportunities in the LCD design. The Cascade Crystallization process consists of a chemical-modification step and four steps of ordering that form the crystal film and in the process, amphiphilic molecules stack together into supramolecules that is the first s...

The bases of Cosserat eigenfunctions for the (-1) subspace are obtained for inner and outer boundary value problems of traction for a sphere. The method is useful for the solution of poroelastic problems of general pressure dependence p(r,θ) in the presence of a spherical cavity as well as thermoelastic problems due to non-harmonic heat sources. An...

We describe design and performance of bright, high-contrast front-projection screens, which are optimized for use in unpolarized ambient light. These screens use polarized LCD projectors and have a Thin Crystalline Film (TCF) polarizing layer that absorbs ambient light to increase contrast. Screen gain and reflectivity control viewing angle and bri...

A thin crystalline film polarizer has been developed which can be used internally in liquid crystal display cells. Based on this material, a manufacturing process has been developed for the fabrication of monochrome LCDs with internal polarizers. A new thin crystalline film polarizer material and coating equipment, developed to realize a high perfo...

The relation between the classical formulation of linear elastic problems in displacements and the stress formulation proposed by Pobedria is studied. It is shown that if the Navier and Pobedria differential operators are elliptic then corresponding boundary value problems are equivalent. The values of parameters for which Pobedria's boundary value...

— We have developed a new technique for the production of thin crystal film (TCF) by deposition, molecular alignment, and the drying of water-based lyotropic-liquid-crystal (LLC) materials. TCF exhibits high optical anisotropy and birefringence. This paper presents liquid-crystal-display (LCD) applications and opportunities for TCF plastic sheet po...

The paper describes applications of Optiva thin-crystal film (TCF) coatings to enhance the contrast and viewing angle performance of many types of LCDs. These new nano-film polarizers are based on supramolecular lyotropic liquid crystalline materials that can be deposited (printed) on virtually any substrate. The coating dries, crystallizes and exh...

This paper describes an investigation on the application of Optiva thin-crystal film (TCF) coatings for the correction of color errors and color variations in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). A yellow TCF polarizer coating was developed as a supplementary color correction coating for LCDs. Modeling and simulation of a normally-white, film-compensate...

Optiva Inc. has pioneered the development of nano-thin crystalline film (TCF) optical coatings for use in information displays and other applications. TCF is a material based on water-based dichroic dye solutions. Disk-like dye molecules aggregate in a ``plane-to-plane" manner; this self-assembly results in formation of highly anisometric rod-like...

We report a new method of Thin Crystal Film deposition. In the present paper we describe the method of crystallization, structure, and optical properties of Bisbenzimidazo[2,1-a:1',2',b']anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']-diisoquinoline-6,9-dion (mixture with cis-isomer) (abbreviated DBI PTCA) sulfonation product. The Thin Crystal Film has a thickness...

We introduce a new group of organic materials and method for the three-step nano-film crystallization of these materials on the surface of glass or plastic. Materials are based on polycyclic aromatic compounds. Chemical modification of compounds changes hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of disk-shaped molecules and makes them water-soluble with aggre...

We developed algorithms and full-vector mode solver as a tool for new optical components design that allows simulation of components with anisotropic optical characteristics. Algorithms are developed without assumption of weak guidance, which allows applications of the method and software in simulation of components with strong optical anisotropy....

New Thin Crystal Film (TCF) polarizers and retarders are produced by deposition of water based lyotropic liquid crystals formed by supramolecules of dichroic dyes. The supramolecules have an aspect ratio of more than 100 with a "spaghetti-like" structure. The supramolecules are formed by disk-shaped aromatic molecules that self-assemble into column...

Optiva, Inc. has developed new technology for Thin Crystal Film (TCF) polarizers and retarders manufactured by deposition and drying of water-based lyotropic liquid crystal materials. An effective method to control and monitor two significant steps of this technology, a self-assembly into rod-like supramolecules in liquid material and its subsequen...

This paper describes the application of thin crystal film (TCF) e-type polarizers to TN LCD configurations for two novel applications: an automotive display with LED backlight illumination and a welding goggle shutter. The modeling and optimization of these TN configurations reveal that excellent optical performance can be achieved for these two ap...

Simulations of compensated TN designs using negative retarders predict pronounced improvement in contrast at large viewing angles using E-type thin film polarizer alone or in combination with high efficiency O-type polarizers.

New LCD cell structure includes plastic or glass substrates with ITO layers, Thin Crystal Film (TCF) polarizers coated on the ITO and a polyamide alignment layer on the top of the TCF. The TCF polarizer is molecularly oriented nano-film with the thickness in the range 60-600nm made by crystallization from lyotropic liquid crystals. First samples pr...

We developed new production method for thin (0.3 - 1.0 micron) crystalline film (TCF) coating. Method comprises three steps: first, deposition of solvent based liquid crystalline ink on the surface in thin (10 micron) layer, second, orientation of the liquid by laminar shear flow in desirable direction, drying/crystallization of the laser into subm...

—LCDs with internal polarizers were designed and fabricated as production prototype TN-LCDs. Optiva™ Thin Crystalline Films (TCFs) were used as the polarizers for these displays. The design and processes for fabrication of a TN-LCD with Optiva internal polarizers will be discussed.

The results of the modeling and optimization of a 90° TN LCD using Optiva V017 thin-film E-polarizer material reveal remarkable viewing angle and chromaticity characteristics. The on-state photopic transmission using the V017 material approaches the level achieved with high-efficiency sheet polarizers.

New submicron film retarders are produced by the deposition and drying of water-based lyotropic liquid crystal materials on various substrates. The coatings have high refraction coefficient anisotropy. Birefringence varies from 0.5 to 1.0 for 380–900nm wavelength range. These materials provide new options for LCD designs.

— New thin-film polarizers have been developed for use in optical applications. The polarization technology is based upon liquid-crystalline material built from dichroic dyes that can be deposited on virtually any substrate. Theoretical calculations and experimental results on viewing-angle characterization of conventional O-type polarizers and new...

New molecular material has been developed for optical applications. Thin (sub-micron) film of crystalline material build from dichroic dyes has high optical anisotropy of refraction and absorption indices. In present paper we describe polarizing properties of the material.

Molecular structure of pathologically changed biological tissue differs greatly from the normal one. It gives the opportunity to diagnose different diseases by using methods of structural tissue analysis. The present paper is based on Ultra-Low Angle X-ray (ULAX) coherent scattering data from 1000 paired samples of mammary gland tissue dissected du...

The Carothers solution for a wedge loaded by a concentrated couple at its vertex is known to be valid for the wedge angles 2 alpha <2 *approximate to 257 deg only. Moreover, for pi <2 <2 (*) it exists for antisymmetric loading only. The more realistic model of the concentrated couple of the arbitrary orientation is examined by the approach of Dundu...

The authors collected small angle X-ray diffraction data from samples of fresh human tissue of prostate, breast and brain. Diffraction at small angles corresponds to large diffracting structures in tissue material. These soft tissues all have different and distinct diffraction patterns. Further, for a particular tissue, patterns from normal and pat...

Morphological stability of a thin layer growing on a single-crystal substrate through vapor condensation is studied with consideration for the growth kinetics, temperature field, and impurity distribution in the deposited layer. Elastic stress is shown to increase the critical perturbation wavelength. The wavelength of the perturbation developing m...

The coupled nonlinear theory of diffusion in elastic media is considered. It is shown that the classical result of I.M. Lifschitz and V.V. Slezov (1990) for the critical size of an equilibrium void is also valid for coupled nonlinear diffusion in elastic media. Analytical solutions to some model problems are obtained.

The Cosserat Spectrum theory is briefly summarized and applied to two-dimensional thermoelasticity. The discrete Cosserat eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the first bound ary value problem for a solid cylinder and a cylindrical rigid inclusion in an infinite space are derived. The problem of uniform heat flow past a cylindrical cavity is reviewed wi...

We construct the orthogonal bases of the Cosserat eigenvectors ũ(−1) for the first boundary value problem of an elastic solid sphere and an infinite elastic space containing a spherical rigid inclusion. These orthogonal bases are expressed in terms of the Jacobi and Legendre polynomials. An example of a nonharmonic heat source shows the convergence...

The Cosserat Spectrum theory is applied in the theory of linear viscoelasticity. The solution for the Laplace transform of the displacement of the viscoelastic problem is expressed in a series of the Cosserat eigenfunctions, which are dependent only on position, and the coefficients are expressed as convolutions of the time dependent body force or...

We apply the Cosserat Spectrum theory to boundary value problems in thermoelasticity and show the advantages of this method The thermoelastic displacement field caused by a general heat flow around a spherical rigid inclusion is calculated and the results show that the discrete Cosserat eigenfunctions converge fast and thus provide a practical meth...

The homogeneous Navier equations o2u + yo(o·u) = 0, (y = (u + w)/w = 1/(1-2v), with homogeneous boundary conditions of place or traction admit non-trivial solutions when y takes values in a set of point (lying of course outside the physical range for Poisson's ratio) called the Cosserat spectrum. The properties of the spectru and the corresponding...

The wedge paradox for stress–free boundaries is the wedge loaded by a concentrated moment at the vertex (Carothers problem). The paradox consists of the fact the for wedges smaller than a half–space the solution exists, while for wedges bigger tha a half–space as shown by Sternberg–Koiter the solution does not exist. We examine the possiblity of a...

The interaction of Al4 clusters with a GaAs (001) crystalline substrate has been studied using the method of molecular dynamics. Some physical characteristics describing the surface diffusion process (coefficients of diffusion, adhesion and others) are computed as functions of the substrate temperature, magnitude and direction of the cluster speed...

A solution is given for a partially bridged straight crack in orthotropic elastic material in particular unidirectionally fiber-reinforced brittle composite. The problem of crack with constant bridging forces is solved by use the complex potentials. By use of Novogilov's fracture criterion the estimation elf the bridged part of crack and full lengt...

The results of theoretical and experimental investigations of vibrations of the shrouded blades in large steam turbines are discussed. A method for calculating the frequencies of simultaneous vibrations of the blading is proposed.

The correspondence in two-dimensional elasticity between the stress fields of cavities and rigid inclusions has been obtained by Dundurs [1] and Markenscoff [3]. It was shown that if the limit of the stress of the inclusion boundary-value problem, which depends on the elastic constants, exists when the Poisson's ratio v tends to 1, then this solves...

The Dundurs' correspondence in plane elasticity between the stress fields of cavities and rigid inclusions in the limit as λ + 2μ → 0 (or k → -1) holds true also in three-dimensional elasticity, but only for dilatation constant or linear function of position. In general, in the limit λ + 2μ → 0, the normal traction between rigid inclusion and matri...

The theory of one-dimensional, singular integral equations, as an independent, scientific discipline, began in the Twentieth Century, almost contemporary with Fredholm’s theory, in the work of D. Hilbert and H. Poincaré. The efforts of F. Noether (1921) and T. Carleman (1922) were of fundamental importance for this theory. Its further developments...

The two-dimensional problems of the theory of elasticity form a class of problems which lend themselves, in contrast to the majority of three-dimensional problems, to analytical treatment and at the same time do not have such intuitively clear answers as one-dimensional problems. This intermediate position between the one-dimensional and three-dime...

Finite difference methods, widely employed for the solution of differential (or other operator) equations are also used to solve approximately integral equations; they include the methods of Ritz, Bubnov-Galerkin, least squares, collocation as well as a variety of these methods, linked to the application of so called finite elements. One has also b...

We will assume that the reader is familiar with the theory of Fredholm integral equations (for example, as presented in one of the books [24, 33, 39, 41]). We also require the reader to know the simplest concepts of Functional Analysis such as Banach Spaces (in particular, the spaces C and L 2), separable spaces, linear functionals and operators (b...

A general approach to the study of the integral equations for plane as well as space problems for regions with non smooth boundaries was proposed by V.G. Maz’ja [35] and developed by him for the plane problem in cooperation with S.S.Zargaryan [24,25]. An other approach was employed independently by W. Wendland, E. Stephan and M. Costabel [87, 101,...

An overwhelming majority of practically important engineering problems formulated in terms of the theory of elasticity, are contact problems, and only mathematical difficulties force investigators to replace the action of the second media by transitional boundary conditions. However, at the present time, the requirement of accuracy of computations...

The classical results of S.G. Mikhlin [45], N.I. Muskhelishvili [54], N.P. Vekua [8], V.D. Kupradze [28], and also the monographs of V.Z. Parton and P.I. Perlin [58], T.V. Burchuladze and T.P. Gegelia [7] and others [69, 9], it might be said, have presented comprehensive answers to questions, linked to applications of integral equations to problems...

We consider the rectilinear propagation of a semi-infinite crack with constant velocity in a crystal structure. We obtain the solutions of homogeneous boundary-value problems for the corresponding difference-differential operators in spaces of one and two dimensions. We give a justification of the computational aspect of the problem. Bibliography:...

The authors propose a method of optimizing the rigidity of stiffened spherical shells and plates. The model problem of determining the rigidity of an infinite plate partitioned by a stiffener system into convex polygons is considered. A program that calculates the overall length of the stiffener system and the rigidity of the structure is described...

We employ the method of integral boundary equations to investigate the problem of torsion of an elastic cylinder with shear modulus μ-, reinforced by an elastic rod with shear modulus μ+ and cross section G+ of pointed shape, whose diameter is assumed to be much less than the cross-sectional diameter of the cylinder. The boundary value of the torsi...

In terms of the method of molecular dynamics, the problem of impulse loading of a 'finite triangular lattice' with a crack is investigated. The kinetics of the crack tip and the energy distribution in the system on the time interval, starting from the wave encounter, is analyzed.