Michael Grandner

University of Arizona | UA · Department of Psychiatry

Screen-based digital media devices potentially impact pediatric sleep health, which is fundamental to healthy development. Systematic reviews of the literature consistently show that screen use is associated with delayed bedtimes, shorter sleep duration, and reduced sleep quality. Studies also demonstrate that interactivity, content, and timing of...

Fruit and vegetable intake (FVI), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sleep duration are each independently associated with cancer-related and general health outcomes among cancer survivors. Past research suggests that health behaviors cluster among cancer survivors, with caregivers demonstrating similar patterns. This analysis exami...

Objective: The Mind after Midnight hypothesis proposes that nocturnal wakefulness increases the risk for dysregulated behaviors. Prior studies highlight a greater risk for suicide at night after adjusting for population wakefulness. How this risk varies hour to hour, differs across subgroups, or applies to other behaviors is unknown. Methods: Data...

Introduction Sleep disparities are well-documented in the population. Rarely are multiple dimensions of sleep experience evaluated on a national level, however. Even more novel is the implication that these differences are partially explained by mental health disparities. Methods Data from the Sleep In America Poll included a population-level samp...

Introduction Previous studies have shown that poor sleep is generally associated with daytime dysfunction. But few studies have examined this relationship in the general population across many dimensions of sleep health and it is not clear which sleep variables are most salient. Methods Data were collected as part of the National Sleep Foundation...

Introduction In the US, Black Americans (BA) are disproportionately impacted by sleep continuity disturbance (SCD; i.e. insomnia) and insufficient sleep duration (ISD; i.e., < 6hrs). Simultaneously, treating SCD and ISD may improve health and reduce sleep disparities experienced by BA. However, Increased risk for, and severity of, SCD and ISD in BA...

Introduction According to the arousal hypothesis, insomnia is often the result of excessive cognitive and somatic arousal during the sleep period. Individuals with insomnia show greater cortico-thalamic functional connectivity during waking hours than healthy sleepers. However, prior studies have only examined such connectivity at a static time poi...

Introduction Commercially-available wearable devices are increasingly used to detect sleep-wake patterns in free-living conditions. These devices, however, are infrequently assessed relative to their ability to detect naps. The present study evaluated whether a commercially-available wearable device was able to detect nap onset during a clinical Mu...

Introduction Insomnia prevalence among Hispanics is a significant public health concern, underscoring the need to uncover novel predictors of this sleep disorder. While prior studies have highlighted the high incidence of insomnia within this demographic, there is an urgent need to explore less-explored factors contributing to its development. Spec...

Introduction The “Mind After Midnight" hypothesis suggests that being awake at night is associated with cognitive/affective dysregulation and impaired decision-making. Previous work identified risks associated with suicide. The present study examined whether nocturnal wakefulness is associated with aberrant food intake. Methods Data were extracted...

Introduction Suicide is the second-leading cause of death among young adults. Feelings of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness may accompany or precipitate suicidal thoughts. It is unclear how these negative cognitions vary across the day. Methods Individuals aged 18-25 (N=143) participated in a week-long ecological momentary assess...

Introduction Suicide is the second-leading cause of death among young adults. Disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms may contribute to the risk of suicide in this age group. Nocturnal wakefulness, for example, may create changes in brain function that contribute to increased incidence of suicide. However, there are limited data on whether suicidal c...

Introduction Insufficient and excessive sleep are associated with cognitive dysfunction in older adults. Limited studies are available for adults < 50 years of age and the influence of race/ethnicity in a nationally representative population. We investigated the association between sleep duration and cognitive decline and the influence of age and r...

Introduction Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a procedure by which a magnetic coil is used to stimulate specific regions of the brain to bring about alterations in function. Continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) is a form of rTMS that was used to suppress cortical excitability and lower within network connectivity in the D...

Introduction Intergenerational transmission of stress is an underrecognized potential contributor to sleep and mental health disparities among at-risk populations. No existing tool captures this construct as experienced at the US-Mexico Border. Methods The DABITSS was originally developed based on the Danieli Inventory of Multigenerational Legacie...

Introduction In the Hispanic community, sleep impairment and the prevalence of anxiety represent pressing concerns. Sleep quality and patterns can be significantly affected by anxiety-related symptoms and disorders. Conversely, insufficient or disrupted sleep can worsen anxiety symptoms, creating a complex interplay. While chronic sleep disorders a...

Introduction Previous studies have shown sleep duration associated with racism, but few studies have examined population-level data and how these relationships differentiate across race/ethnicity groups. Methods Data from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) was used. The BRFSS is a state-based population survey conducted an...

Introduction Sleep disruption has a significant effect on emotional wellbeing. Prior research suggests that poor sleep or insufficient sleep can impair mental health, emotional intelligence, mood, and life satisfaction. However, little is known about how sleep problems contribute to an individual’s self-perceived success in critical areas of interp...

Introduction Previous studies have linked insufficient sleep duration and sleep apnea to the development of Type-2 diabetes but few studies have explored associations between objective diabetes risk and other sleep symptoms in a general population sample. Methods Data were obtained from adults age 20 or older from the NHANES 2017-2020 prepandemic...

Introduction Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders are associated with a wide variety of functional impairments that interfere with daily functioning. Sleep is one domain that is disturbed in almost 80% of people experiencing schizophrenia and similar symptoms. We hypothesized that self-reported sleep disturbances would significantly...

Introduction Personality has been shown to predict health-related outcomes, including eating behavior. However, the findings on extroversion and caloric intake have been inconsistent. This study sought to examine whether trait extroversion predicted total caloric intake, as well as calories from specific macronutrients, at different times of day du...

Introduction Racial and ethnic minority populations are at an increased risk of having shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality. This nationally-representative study examines whether groups differ on their typical sleep opportunity window, and whether this depends on typical work hours. Methods Data were obtained from adults who participate...

Introduction Snoring affects roughly 90 million Americans. Although snoring may indicate a serious health condition such as obstructive sleep apnea, most people attempt to manage snoring using alternative over-the-counter strategies. The present study examined the use patterns of alternative strategies across sociodemographic factors. Methods Data...

Introduction We recently reported findings from a project that used a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) known as continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to modulate connectivity within the brain’s Default Mode Network (DMN) as a potential treatment for insomnia. Continuous theta-burst stimulation(cTBS) was used to reduce...

Introduction Most Americans snack at night, though caloric consumption and consumption of certain nutrients and ingredients at night can contribute to sleep disruption and cardiometabolic disease risk. Chips, cookies, ice cream and candy are the most popular snacks consumed before bed. Perhaps certain snacks at night can minimize risks to sleep and...

Introduction Latinos/as in the United States face distinctive sociocultural stressors rooted in their marginalized status, immigration experiences, and challenges adapting to a new culture. These stressors, including acculturative stress, contribute to elevated stress levels that can have detrimental effects on sleep health and may engender sleep-r...

Introduction Previous studies have shown that poor sleep is generally associated with suicide ideation. But few studies have examined this relationship in the general population across many dimensions of sleep health, and it is not clear which sleep variables are most salient. Methods Data were collected as part of the National Sleep Foundation Sl...

Health behaviors such as fruit and vegetable intake (FVI), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sleep duration are associated with cancer-related and general health outcomes. This analysis examined to what degree FVI, MVPA, and sleep co-occur among cancer survivors and informal cancer caregivers and identified sociodemographic and cli...

Objectives Regional sleep differences may reflect other important indicators of health and well-being. Examining sleep health at the regional level can help inform policies to improve population health. We examined the relationship between neighborhood-level adult sleep health (modeled in this study via adult sleep duration) and other health metric...

Study Objectives The 3P and 4P models represent illness severity over the course of insomnia disorder. The 3P model suggests that illness severity is worst during acute onset. The 4P model suggests that illness severity crescendos with chronicity. The present analysis from an archival dataset assesses illness severity with new onset illness (i.e.,...

Background Sleep problems are common and costly in the US military. Yet, within the military health system, there is a gross shortage of trained specialist providers to address sleep problems. As a result, demand for sleep medicine care far exceeds the available supply. Telehealth including telemedicine, mobile health, and wearables represents prom...

Objectives: The present study investigated the roles birthplace and acculturation play in sleep estimates among Hispanic/Latino population at the US-Mexico border. Measures: Data were collected in 2016, from N = 100 adults of Mexican descent from the city of Nogales, AZ, at the US-Mexico border. Sleep was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quali...

Objectives The present study evaluated whether completers of a 12-week app-based, personalized text supported sleep coaching program demonstrated improvements in sleep continuity, sleep duration, and reduced use of sleep aids. Methods Data were obtained from Sleep Reset, a 12-week consumer product that offers app-based sleep education and monitori...

Introduction Hazardous alcohol use correlates with greater insomnia, potentially leading to increased use of sleep medications. However, combining sleep medications with alcohol can yield serious and even fatal health consequences. We examined the relationship between alcohol use and sleep medication use during the first year of the COVID-19 pandem...

Introduction Use of sleep supplements and other sleep aids is increasing. Yet, many of these are not supported strategies for ameliorating sleep problems. Providing educational and behavioral strategies may reduce reliance on these substances. Methods Data were obtained from N=93 individuals who participated in the 12-week Sleep Reset program. The...

Introduction Although quality sleep is crucial for good health, well-being, and cognitive function, racial and ethnic minority populations are at an increased risk of having shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality in comparison to other groups. This study, which is nationally representative, intends to show differences in population-level s...

Introduction MTBI remains on one of the most prevalently reported brain injuries. Previous studies have shown an association between sleep efficiency, performance, and neurocognitive outcome. Reported time-since-injury (TSI) has also shown an association with neurocognitive outcome measures, with some evidence suggesting neurocognitive status is si...

Introduction Social determinants of health (SDOH) have been linked to well-being, quality-of-life and health disparities. We aim to investigate, 1) To classify adults based on their SDOH characteristics, and 2) To examine association between SDOH classes and sleep health. Methods This study used 2020 National Health Interview Survey data (n=31,568...

Introduction The Spielman 3P and Perlis 4P models represent illness severity over the course of insomnia disorder. The 3P model suggests that illness severity is worst when subjects experience acute illness (as compared to the subchronic and chronic phases of the disorder). The 4P model suggests that illness severity crescendos with chronicity. The...

Introduction Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is highly prevalent during acute illness and survivorship, with almost 100% of cancer patients experiencing such symptomatology. While CRF commonly co-occurs with sleep disturbance during and/or after cancer treatment, CRF is (nevertheless) defined as occurring independent of sleep considerations. Last year...

Introduction There is a bidirectional relationship between sleep duration and mental health. This relationship may be impacted by race/ethnicity, indicating differential risk profiles across groups. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether race/ethnicity play a role in the relationship between sleep and mental health at the population level. Metho...

Introduction Although suicides are more prevalent during the day, the risk of suicide is highest at night when adjusted for population wakefulness. It is unclear how nighttime patterns of suicide risk vary by demographic and clinical subgroups. Methods Population wakefulness data were combined with time of fatal injury data for 78,647 suicides fro...

Introduction The relationship between sleep disruption and depressive symptoms is well established. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is commonly associated with emotional dysregulation and decreased sleep quality. Less is known about the course of mTBI and its association with mood symptoms over time. We hypothesized that those in acute stages of...

Introduction As part of a larger study to examine the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over a single node of the default mode network (DMN) on sleep quality, we also examined secondary effects on depression. We hypothesized that rTMS would be more effective in females, rather than males, due to previously established h...

Introduction Insomnia is associated with risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. It is unclear if insomnia drives risk equivalently across all individuals, or whether there are subgroups of high-risk individuals for whom insomnia is more relevant. This exploratory archival analysis examined the relationship between insomnia and current suicidal i...

Introduction Near-infrared (NIR) light delivered transdermally exhibits several therapeutic properties, likely through stimulation of parasympathetic activity. This may aid in relaxation. However, little is known about the benefits to sleep and next-day daytime function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of NIR exposure befor...

Introduction Insomnia affects 10 to 20 percent of Americans annually. Unfortunately, evidence-based training on the diagnosis and management of insomnia during U.S. undergraduate medical education is limited. This educational gap may promote use of off-label medications or supplements (e.g., melatonin) and contribute to the “medicalization of sleep...

Introduction Insomnia identity is defined as the “conviction that one has insomnia” or self-identifies as an “insomniac.” The present study sought to evaluate whether insomnia chronicity and past insomnia treatment predicts whether someone identifies as an “insomniac” in a large sample of adult participants with sleep complaints. Methods This stud...

Introduction Co-morbid sleep continuity disturbance (SCD) and insufficient sleep duration (ISD) disproportionately affect the sleep health of Black Americans (BA). Simultaneously, treating SCD and ISD may improve health and reduce disparities experienced by this community. Although standard cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) ranges f...

Introduction Habitual sleep duration is associated with many aspects of health. Previous studies show that some groups of Hispanic/Latine Americans are somewhat protected from sleep disparities seen in other groups, but also that this may depend on acculturation. This study expanded this finding to nationally-representative data and explored some p...

Introduction Adverse childhood events have been linked with many mental and physical health risks, but less work has explored nighttime and daytime sleep problems, especially inability to control sleep. Methods Data were obtained from the Sleep and Healthy Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization (SHADES) study of N=1007 adults aged 22-60 ye...

Introduction It has been widely reported in the literature that insomnia, depression, and anxiety are reciprocally related, and that CBT-I not only improves insomnia but also symptoms of depression and anxiety. With respect to cancer, patients of-ten report high co-morbidity of insomnia, fatigue, depression, and anxiety, with fatigue occurring in a...

Study objectives: Near-infrared (NIR) light exhibits several therapeutic properties, but little is known about the benefits to sleep and daytime function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of red and NIR exposure before bed on sleep and next-day function. Methods: Thirty adults (30-60 y) with a self-reported sleep complain...

Objectives: This real-world study aimed to characterize the impact of illness of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who are adherent to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed participants in Evidation Health's Achievement app (November 2020-January 2...

BACKGROUND Sleep problems are common and costly in the U.S. military. There is a gross shortage of trained specialist providers to address sleep problems. Telehealth and mobile health represent promising approaches to increase access to high quality and cost-effective care. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to present preliminary data regard...

Objective: Insufficient and disturbed sleep are associated with significant morbidity among working-age adults. Poor sleep results in negative health outcomes and increases economic costs to employers. The current systematic review surveyed the peer-reviewed scientific literature and aggregated scientific evidence of sleep-related economic burdens...

Research on melatonin’s antioxidant and sleep-chronobiotic properties has increased exponentially over the past 15 years. Resolving the evolutionary progression along which melatonin gained chronobiotic properties—in addition to its primordial antioxidant functions—is essential for understanding the divergent mechanisms by which the hormone assumed...

Introduction: Smoking is a major cardiometabolic risk factor that is associated with worse sleep health, partially since nicotine is a stimulant. The present study examined the population-level association between habitual sleep duration and smoking, and whether this relationship may be stronger in younger adults. Methods: Data from the 2020 Behavi...

Objective/background Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) substantially reduces total wake time (TWT) by the end of treatment. In contrast, total sleep time (TST) does not increase above baseline levels for most patients following 4–8 sessions of treatment. In the 6–12 months following CBT-I, without any further intervention, up to 64...

Objective: To evaluate sleep continuity, timing, quality, and disorder in relation to suicidal ideation and attempts among college students. Participants: Eight hundred eighty-five undergraduates aged 18-25 in the southwestern United States. Methods: Participants completed questionnaires on sleep, suicide risk, mental health, and substance use. Dif...

Racial and ethnically minoritized and under-resourced populations do not reap the same benefits of sufficient sleep as their white counterparts resulting in insufficient sleep and sleep health disparities. Research exploring these disparities have documented a plethora of factors including social determinants of health, community violence, and stru...

Objective /Background: The goal of the present study was to assess the prevalence and incidence of insomnia in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether, among those that contracted COVID-19, insomnia predicted worse outcomes (e.g., symptoms of greater frequency, duration, or severity). Methods A nationwide sample of 2980 adults...

The purpose of this study was to develop and test the reliability and validity of a 13-item self-report Assessment of Sleep Environment (ASE). This study investigates the relationship between subjective experiences of environmental factors (light, temperature, safety, noise, comfort, humidity, and smell) and sleep-related parameters (insomnia sympt...

Background: It is known that sleep disturbance is associated with increased suicidal thinking. Moreover, completed suicides, when adjusted for the proportion of the populace that is awake at a given time, are more probable during the late night/early morning hours. Despite these concerns, no studies have examined the role of trait-like individual d...

Although insomnia is reliably associated with anxiety symptoms, aspects of insomnia may differentially relate to one anxiety symptom versus another. Therefore, treatment for insomnia comorbidity with anxiety might be individually tailored to optimize treatment response. Working from this hypothesis, we analyzed data from a survey of 1007 community-...

Objectives Many studies have investigated the role that travel plays in athletic performance. However, these studies lacked a holistic representation of travel. For instance, they do not consider travel distance and uniquely focuses on travel direction. Design An open source (www.evolving-hockey.com) provided NHL (2013−2020) game data. In total, t...

Sleep is a universal, biological need, foundational to human biology. Poor sleep health is associated with worse physical performance, greater likelihood of illness, injury risk, decreased recovery, metabolic dysregulation, cardiovascular risk, cognitive dysfunction, worse mental health, and decreased longevity. Most outcomes that are important for...

Objectives: Sleep continuity (i.e., ability to initiate and/or maintain sleep) worsens with age. It is unclear whether problem endorsement and/or daytime dysfunction show similar age-related trends. Accordingly, a large archival dataset was used to examine age differences in sleep continuity, problem endorsement, and sleep related daytime dysfunct...

There exists a U-shaped relationship between sleep length and mortality, with short (<7h) and long (>9h) sleep both associated with poor health. However, given that the propensity for sleep and the circadian drive for wakefulness bookend a sleep period even when further opportunity presents itself, it remains unclear whether long sleepers are indee...

Background Insomnia is associated with suicide risk in civilian and military populations. Thwarted belongingness is proposed as a mediator of this relationship under the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS). The present study explored how insomnia relates to suicidal ideation in conjunction with thwarted belongingness among civilians, Service mem...

Objective Commonly held beliefs about sleep unsupported by scientific evidence (ie, myths) among adolescents and their parents/caregivers may adversely influence sleep-related attitudes and behaviors among adolescents. Thus, identifying such myths with the goal of developing effective evidence-based counter-messages has the potential to improve sle...

Insufficient sleep duration has emerged as a key behavioral risk factor for cardiometabolic disease risk, daytime functioning deficits, and other adverse outcomes, including mortality. Epidemiologic estimates of insufficient sleep vary, likely due to variability in how sleep is assessed. Most population-based estimates are based on single item retr...

Study objectives: Wearable sleep technology has rapidly expanded across the consumer market due to advances in technology and increased interest in personalized sleep assessment to improve health and mental performance. We tested the performance of a novel device, the Happy Ring, alongside other commercial wearables (Actiwatch 2, Fitbit Charge 4,...

Objective: Temporal patterns for suicide over a 24-hour period have shown mixed results among prior studies. However, analyses of 24-hour temporal patterns for wakeful actions including suicidal behavior should adjust for expected sleep requirements that inherently skew such activities to conventional wakeful times. This study analyzed the time-of-...

Sleep health is an important consideration for athletic performance. Athletes are at high risk of insufficient sleep duration, poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and fatigue, suboptimal sleep schedules, irregular sleep schedules, and sleep and circadian disorders. These issues likely have an impact on athletic performance via several domains. S...

Introduction Multisensor sleep wearable devices have demonstrated utility for research and relative accuracy for discerning sleep-wake patterns at home and in the laboratory. Additional sensors and more complex scoring algorithms may improve the ability of wearables to assess sleep health. Methods Thirty-six healthy adults completed assessment whi...

Introduction Multisensor sleep wearable devices have demonstrated utility for research and relative accuracy for discerning sleep-wake patterns at home and in the laboratory. Additional sensors and more complex scoring algorithms may improve the ability of wearables to assess sleep health. Methods Thirty-six healthy adults completed assessment whi...

Introduction Nocturnal wakefulness may mediate the relationship between disrupted sleep and suicide risk since nighttime is associated with a peak in negative mood and altered reward processing and executive function. One example is a wakefulness-adjusted nocturnal peak in population suicide risk measured from 2003-2010 (Perlis et al, 2016), but th...