Michael C. Faudree

Tokyo City University · Liberal Arts and Sciences, Engineering

In short-carbon-fiber-reinforced polyamide 66 articles shaped by 3D printing (3D-SCFRPA66), the interfaces between printed layers are often susceptible to damage, and the composite is excessively brittle. Therefore, a novel treatment for 3D-printed short-carbon-fiber-reinforced polyamide (3D-SCFRPA66) using homogeneous low-potential electron beam i...

It is vital to maximize the safety of outdoor constructions, airplanes, and space vehicles by protecting against the impact of airborne debris from increasing winds due to climate change, or from bird strikes or micrometeoroids. In a widely-used compression-molded short glass fiber polyester bulk-molded compound (SGFRP-BMC) with 55% wt. CaCO 3 fill...

The literature contains numerous studies including computer algorithms to evaluate pronunciation level of Japanese speakers of English. However, up to now, most research has been based on English native speakers' (NSs’) accuracy perceptions. Japanese NSs’ perception of correct pronunciation has been relatively overlooked. Relevant questions are: “W...

In an interlayered carbon fiber-reinforced polycarbonate polymer (CFRPC) composite composed of three sized of CF plies, alternating between four PC sheets, designated [PC]4[CF]3, and a new process of activating CF cross-weave cloth plies directly on both sides with homogeneous low-energy electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) before lamination assembly...

New types of hybrid aluminum joints: Al-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer (CFRTP) designated Al/Ni-CFP/ABS, and Al-18-8 Stainless steel, Al/Ni-CFP/18-8, by Ni-plated carbon fiber plug (Ni-CFP) insert not before seen in the literature have been fabricated. The goal is to take advantage of extremely h...

Achieving a strong bond between carbon fiber (CF) and recyclable thermoplastic polymer (TP) has always been highly sought after. So far, applying electron beam (EB) irradiation with optimal dose and cathode potential ( V c ) has shown success in increasing mechanical properties of interlayered CFRTPs. However, with concern for durability and safety...

Impact by hailstone, volcanic rock, bird strike, or also dropping tools can cause damage to aircraft materials. For maximum safety, the goal is to increase Charpy impact strength (auc) of a carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polyphenylene sulfide polymer (CFRTP-PPS) composite for potential application to commercial aircraft parts. The layup was...

In Japan, hearing impaired university students comprise approximately 0.05% of the total population according to a 2018 report by the Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO). From 397 reported, 247 were hard of hearing, and 150 were predominantly hearing impaired. Therefore, it is always important to deliver the best education possible, especia...

Strong adhesion between recyclable thermoplastic (TP) polymer and carbon fiber (CF) has always been highly sought after. Therefore, for an interlayered CF reinforced TP polypropylene (CFRTPP) composite composed of 3 sized CF plies, alternating between 4 PP sheets, designated [PP]4[CF]3, a process of activating CF plies directly on both sides with h...

A literature review of up-to-date methods to strengthen Ti/carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) hybrid joints is given. However, there are little or no studies on Ti/CFRP joints by carbon fiber plug insert, which takes advantage of the extremely high surface adhesion area of ~6 μm CFs. Therefore, we cover the current status and review our previou...

University level textbook for English as a Second Language (ESL) learners focusing on science topics: Vocabulary (English plus Japanese), Reading, Listening, Speaking Conversations, Writing. 15 Chapters: Secrets of the Stradivarius Violin 「ストラディバリウスバイオリンの音色の秘密」, Miracle of Catechin in Green Tea 「緑茶とカテキンの奇跡」,Plastic Surgery 「美容整形手術」,Pluto 「冥王星」,...

Bird strike, volcanic rock, hailstones, micrometeoroids, or space debris can cause damage to aircraft and space vehicles, therefore their composite materials must have high impact resistance to maximize safety. In a 55% wt. CaCO3 compression molded short glass fiber polyester GFRP-BMC (bulk molded compound), shortening the nominal 6.4 mm fiber leng...

Academia Journal of Educational Research: There has been a wide body of research and models that aim to describe acquisition order of obstruent phonemes in the second language and how it follows that of the first language and universal grammar. This research proposes a new and simple graphical “wave addition” model based on Wode’s notion that the L...

A new process of activating sizing film free (removed sizing) carbon fiber (SFF-CF) mats directly with electron beam irradiation (EBI) under oxygen-rich nitrogen gas prior to lamination assembly and hot-press was found to increase bending strength of CFRTP (CF reinforced thermoplastic polypropylene (PP)) interlayered composite composed of 3 SFF-CF...

In a layered carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer (CFRTP) composite composed of 3 cross-weave carbon fiber (CF) cloth sheets between 4 polypropylene (PP) mats, [PP]4[CF]3 (55 vol%-CFs), effects of: (1) factory provided sized CF (sizing film (SF) coated CFs with nano-scale rough surface after anodic oxidization), and (2) electron beam irrad...

A novel joint of 18-8 stainless steel and aluminum (Al) connected by a 20 © 10 © 0.3mm nickel (Ni)-coated carbon fiber (CF) crossweave cloth junction utilizing extremely large friction force by broad interface of 6 μm diameter CF has been successfully developed for potential aerospace application. This was done by a partial welding process of the C...

DOI: 10.15413/ajer.2020.0701, ISSN 2315-7704, Academia Journal of Educational Research 8(3): 117-137, March 2020, Numerous phonological studies up to now have focused on second language acquisition of obstruents following markedness universals learned in the order of: initial < medial < final word positions, final being most difficult, and voiceles...

A new method of linear connected joints (Ti/CF-plug/Epoxy) of Ti (Titanium) to Epoxy connected by CF-plug was innovated and developed, since fine carbon fibers (CFs) generate the extremely large friction force by their broad interface between metals and Epoxy polymer (M/Epoxy). Compared with glue and spontaneous adhesions of M/Glue/Epoxy and M/Epox...

Writing ability is paramount to academic and professional success especially for EFL students learning the foreign language in their homeland. It follows Japanese and English have very different lexical and syntactic features, Japan being reported as 148th of 170 countries in the 4-Skills TOEFL iBT 2017 rankings. Therefore, there is continued need...

A new process of internal activation of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer (CFRTP) of polypropylene (PP) by applying electron beam irradiation (EBI) under oxygen (O2)–rich nitrogen gas (N2) atmosphere to CF chopped strand matt (CSM) layers prior to assembly and hot press to strengthen the typically weak CF/thermoplastic polymers (TPs) ad...

A new method to fabricate linear connected joints of Ti (titanium) to Epoxy polymer connected by CF-plug designated here as [Ti/CFW-CFRP] was innovated to enhance safety level of airplanes, since fine carbon fibers (CFs, 6-7/1000 mm) generate extremely large friction force by their broad interface between Ti and Epoxy [Ti/Epoxy] giving strong adhes...

This study investigates voice contrast by Japanese speakers in their L2 (second language) of English, in particular percent correct voicing of English obstruent phonemes. We asked five Japanese native speakers to be recorded reading a text and word list containing voiced /b/, /d/, /g/ /v/, /z/, /ʒ/, /d͡ʒ/, /ð/ and voiceless /p/, /f/, /k/, /t/, /s/,...

In a highly CaCO3 filled compression molded short glass fiber polyester GFRP-BMC composite with high solidification texture angle of 71 ± ∼7 deg with respect to specimen length, Charpy impact strength, auc at both low −79°C (194 K) and high 70°C (343 K) temperatures were apparently increased 69 and 32%, respectively over that at RT (293 K). This re...

Applying low-potential electron beam irradiation (EBI) dose of 0.13 MGy to polycarbonate (PC) sheet on both side surfaces apparently improved the impact value (auc) over the untreated samples at all accumulative probabilities of fracture (Pf). Based on 3-parameter Weibull equation, the 0.13 MGy-EBI also raised the lowest limit of auc (25.5 kJ m⁻²)...

Interconnection of Polymers to Ti by Using CF-Plug

Tensile strength at each accumulative probability of strength (Pf) was obtained for 28mass% carbon fibers (CF) reinforced thermoplastic polypropylene (PP) with and without sizing epoxy film on the fibers prior to making composites (CFRTP) of three cross CF cloth sheets and four PP matts, layer by layer. The sizing film covered on CF apparently impr...

A unimorph 2-layer (PU:LaNi5/Ti) actuator consisting of a driving composite sheet with large expansion of polyurethane (PU) dispersed with powder mixture of hydrogen storage alloy of 35 vol%-LaNi5 and Pd-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by solution cast method, and a 5 μm thick Ti sheet exhibited reversible and giant rapid bending motion when subjected to h...

A new titanium (Ti)/polycarbonate (PC) joint [Ti/EBCF/PC] internally connected by homogeneous low potential electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) activated cross-weave carbon fiber (6 μm in diameter) cloth insert taking advantage of broad CF surface area had been developed. Applying HLEBI dose in the range of 0.043 to 0.43 MGy to the bare CF half-lengt...

Read and Decide is a TOEIC® Reading Text (Level 400 to 650) to help ESL learners with the difficult Parts 6 and 7. It contains hundreds of TOEIC® words throughout the text. The main character is Mr. Shinichi Tanaka who goes to an American company, Eco-World to work. It is "The Work Adventures of Shinichi Tanaka". Format is like short novel written...

A 2-layer Titanium/polycarbonate (Ti/PC) laminated sheet treated by homogeneous low energy electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) to only the PC side prior to assembly and hot press at 438 K for 3.0 min under 20 MPa without the use of fasteners, rivets or glue was investigated. Experimental results showed the 0.30 MGy HLEBI dose appeared to be at or nea...

Experimental viscosity measurements (50 to 100 Pas at mold walls, T = 273 to 373 K) of an injection-molded highly-filled glass fiber reinforced polyester bulk molding compound (GFRP-BMC) whose fiber length (lfiber = 0.44 mm) was optimized for tensile mechanical strength agreed well with that previously calculated by Navier-Stokes equation from fibe...

We propose a new method of applying homogeneous low potential electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) externally to both sides of glass fiber (GF) chopped strand mat (GF-CSM) reinforced thermoplastic polypropylene (PP) interlayered samples (CSM-GFRTP) after lamination assembly and hot press with layup of [PP]6[GF-CSM]5. The external process apparently im...

Homogeneous electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) induces formations of active terminated atoms with dangling bonds. Activations are induced by both charging with short life and formation of dangling bonds with long life, resulting in improving electronic conductivity of insulators and mist-resistance of endoscope lens and dentist mirror. HLEBI general...

EB-Strengthening Methods of ERTPs Composites Inside--Fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymers (FRTPs), already applied for automobile bumper and IC (integrated circuit) substrate, can be easily produced with high productivity for mass production by various forming process. However, it is serious problem of the low strength of FRTPs because of high v...

Influences of homogeneous low potential electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) on the fracture resistance for ceramics were studied. Optimal dose of HLEBI, which was one of short-time treatments of dry process at near room temperature, increased fracture resistance for ceramics. HLEBI generated not only vacant sites with dangling bonds in PZT crystallin...

The conventional joint methods of welding, blazing, rivet connecting and glue often reduce the strength of light metals and polymers. Since fine carbon fibers (CF: 6 µm-diameter) induce the extremely large friction force by their broad interface in matrix, a new method of CF cloth reinforced universal joint (CFR-UJ) has been suggested. When the CFR...

Aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti) and polycarbonate (PC) are light materials utilized for dream worthy transport vehicles. Although both Al and Ti are active metals, they exhibit good corrosion resistance due to formation of strong thin passive films on their surface. In addition, Al exhibits the radiation shielding except heating and high electric cond...

Introduction Glass and carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymers (GFRTPs and CFRTPs) are cutting-edge strong, lightweight materials that are widely used in numerous daily articles and prime mover machines. Although thermoplastics have the advantages of having higher crack resistance, easier formability, and can be more easily recycled than the...

Evaluation of the Tensile Strength of Electron Beam Irradiated Powdered Ultra High Molecular Weight-Polyethylene Prior to Sintering [1] The variation in tensile strength (σb), fracture strain (εf) and Young modulus (dσ/dε) of low voltage electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) on powdered ultra-high molecular weight-polyethylene from 0.043 to 0.43 MGy p...

A 2-layer aluminum/polycarbonate (Al/PC) joint was fabricated between half specimens of typically difficult to adhere Al and PC without use of welding, fasteners, rivets, chemical treatment or glue by a new double-step adhesion method: applying a low dose of homogeneous low energy electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) to only the PC connecting surface,...

Glass fiber reinforced polymer bulk molding compounds (GFRP-BMCs) are composites that have wide application in aerospace, automotive parts, housing for electrical wiring, and corrosion resistant needs. They have excellent flow characteristics that make them well suited for injection molded parts requiring precise dimensions and detail hence differe...

Strengthening carbon and glass fibers reinforced polymers (FRPs) were recently developed by using pre-stress [1-3] and electron beam irradiation [4-10]. Optimal conditions were mainly caused by strengthening polymers matrix and/or fibers, as well as resistance to pull-out by adhesion and/or compressive stress at interface. Firstly, Since the pre-st...

Introduction Both titanium (Ti) and carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymers (CFRTP) are typical light structural materials not only to save energy for the environment, but also to enhance the mobility of aircraft. They have been already utilized for dream worthy mover machines, as well as airplanes and automobiles. Although the four joint me...

Adhesive 2-layer lamination plies (Metal/CFRP) of metals (18-8, Al and Cu) and carbon fiber reinforced epoxy polymer (CFRP) were prepared using a new adhesion method consisting of applying low dose of less than 0.3 MGy of homogeneous low energy electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) to connecting surfaces of the metals and CFRP prior to assembly and hot...

A new method with extremely large friction force taking advantage of the high interface area of carbon fiber (CF: 6 µm-diameter) cross weave cloth, surface activated by homogeneous low voltage electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) on the ABS half-length prior to dipping in ABS resin to enhance the ability of difficult to adhere thermoplastic with CF ha...

Adhesive 2-layer lamination joints of 18mass%Cr-8mass%Ni austenite stainless steel and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (18-8/CFRP) were prepared using a new adhesion method consisting of applying low dose of 0.13 MGy of homogeneous low energy electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) to connecting surfaces of the 18-8 and CFRP prior to assembly and hot-pre...

Experimental results show applying homogeneous low-energy electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) treatment of 0.30 MGy to both sides of sandwich structural CFRP/ABS/CFRP composite constructed of an ABS core between two thin plies of carbon cross textile fiber/epoxy CFRP apparently increased Charpy impact values, auc at all fracture probabilities, Pf at...

A new process of internal activation of glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer (GFRTP) of Polypropylene (PP) was achieved by homogeneous low energy electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) to the interlayered glass fiber chopped strand mats (GF-CSM) prior to assembly. Panels were fabricated by hot-press consisting of 5 HELBI-treated GF-CSMs between...

Adhesive 2-layer lamination joints of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/epoxy resin were prepared without the use of hot press using a new adhesion method of applying homogeneous low energy electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) to the PET prior to assembly by hand pressure. HLEBI treatment within the range of 0.13 to 0.43MGy increased the adhesive force...

PTFE (Polytetraflouroethylene) exhibits high strength, corrosion and heat resistance, although adhesion of PTFE with simple principal chains to others has not been easy. To create and improve the adhesion force, many sites number of chemical bonds at interface has been required. One of possible tool is homogeneous 100 keV class low voltage electron...

A new method with extremely large friction force by broad interface of carbon fiber (CF:6μm-diameter) have been suggested for a joint (M/CF/P and M/CF/M) of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polymer (P) and metal (M). The new joint part was strengthened by impregnated carbon fiber (CF). The joint tensile strength (σB) values of both M/CF/P and M/CF/M jo...

Laminations of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy polymer (CFRP) and metals of Aluminum and 18mass%Cr-8mass%Ni austenite stainless steel (CFRP/Al and CFRP/18-8) were prepared by using a new adhesion method consisting of applying low dose of homogeneous low energy electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) prior to hot-press in vacuum below 1 Pa for 2 h at 401±0....

Adhesive 2-layer lamination joints of 18 mass%Cr-8 mass%Ni austenite stainless steel and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (18-8/CFRP joint) were prepared using a new adhesion method consisting of applying low dose of 0.13MGy of homogeneous low energy electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) to connecting surfaces of the 18-8 and CFRP prior to lamination as...

Metal/Metal universal joints reinforced by carbon fibers had been proposed to save the energy and to enhance the mobility of mover machines. The ductile fracture occurred at aluminum part in the Ti/Al joint with carbon fiber reinforcement (CFR). Although the tensile strength (σ_b) was slightly reduced, its strain (ε_b) and maximum strain (ε_f) of t...

Although carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymers (CFRTPs) for aerospace structural materials have been developed to improve the productivity with cost reduction for mass production, it is serious problem of strength deterioration during solidification process. In order to improve the resistance to pull out fibers from thermoplastic polymers...

Several new novel methods have been applied lately to increase density and homogenity of internal micro-compressive stresses for strengthening highly-filled SGFRPs. Charpy impact value, an indicator important for safety of aircraft flight and mover machines has been improved in compression-molded SGFRP-BMC panels by: shortening fibers from commerci...

The electrical conductivity, thermoelectric power, superconducting properties, giant magnetostriction and electrostriction have often been improved by using homogeneous low potential electron beam irradiation (HLEBI). HLEBI has improved the electrical conductivity of PTFE, thermoelectric power of n (p)-type Bi-Se(Sb)-Te nanocrystalline thin films,...

Adhesive 2-layer lamination joint of aluminum/carbon fiber reinforced epoxy polymer (Al/CFRP) were prepared by a new adhesion method, a double-step treatment consisting of applying low dose (= 0.22 MGy) of homogeneous low energy electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) to the CFRP and Al prior to lamination assembly and hot-press in vacuum below 1 Pa for...

Textbook for ESL (English as a Second Language), or EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students that covers various science topics, including Life Cycles of Stars, Planets of the Solar System, The Chance to Grow Old is Indeed a Privilege, Tour Through the Miracle of the Human Body, Reading Mathematics: A Universal Language, and Good and Bad Points...

Up to now, increasing modulus of fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) by shortening fibers has not been reported however, shortening fiber length from commercial 6.4 to 0.44 mm by additional mixing of paste prior to injection molding was found to increase initial and maximum tensile modulus 5 to 25% in a 3-phase system of highly CaCO3 filled 20 mass% E...

In short carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (SCFRP-PEEK) composites, carbon fibers and PEEK matrix typically exhibit a weak adhesive force at the interface. However, applying 0.43MGy dose of homogeneous low-voltage electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) was apparently shown to improve not only the bending modulus (Ef ) 65.5% at the median-rank...

Sandwich structural composites (CFRP/ABS/CFRP) of inexpensive acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) cores (2.0 mm thickness) between carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CFRP) laminate plies (2.5 mm thickness) were suggested and prepared, since the materials cost of ABS resin was about 8% that of CFRP. Although Young’s modulus of CFRP/ABS/ CFRP is slight...

In discontinuous short glass fiber reinforced polymer (SGFRP) and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (SCFRP) composites most data for unfilled FRP reports increasing fiber length increases tensile properties. However, in a highly-filled short fiber SGFRP-BMC (bulk molding compound) it has been found that decreasing fiber length to sub-millimeter can s...

A nickel coated carbon fiber reinforced joint (Ti/NiCF/CFRP) was suggested and developed between carbon fiber reinforced epoxy polymer (CFRP) and titanium (Ti). The most important point of the new joint method are not only extremely large friction force by broad interface of carbon fiber with 6 mu m-diameter, but also Ni-coating for suppression of...

Effects of tensile prestress level on Charpy impact value (a(uc)) of 50 vol% continuous unidirectional 0 degree oriented carbon fiber reinforced epoxy polymer (CFRP) were investigated. Experimental results showed the a(uc) at mid-fracture probability P-f = 0.50 induced by a large prestress of 17.6 MPa (109 kJm(-2)) was increased 30% over that (84 k...

There is an extensive body of research and texts on numerical simulation to obtain rheological properties of injection molded resins and composites, however to our knowledge there is no or little research on estimating velocity profile from fiber orientation mapping of GFRP-BMCs (glass fiber reinforced polymer bulk molding compounds). This study re...

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin has been applied as light and inexpensive materials. In order to reduce the cost, the ABS resin covered with high strength CFRP sheets (CFRP/ABS/CFRP) has been proposed. Concequently, small dose of homogeneous 100 keV class EB-irradiation perfectly improved the a_ of CFRP. The maximum a_ value at mid P_f...