Michael Keith Drew

Institution

Objectives Illness can disrupt training and competition performance of athletes. Few studies have quantified the relative contribution of the known medical, behavioural and lifestyle risk factors. Design Cross-sectional Methods Olympic athletes from 11 sports (n = 221) were invited to complete questionnaires administered nine months before the Ri...

Objectives: To investigate the effects of experimental adductor pain on the pain referral pattern, mechanical sensitivity and muscle activity during common clinical tests. Design: Repeated-measures design. Methods: In two separate sessions, 15 healthy males received a hypertonic (painful) and isotonic (control) saline injection to either the a...

Training loads contribute to sports injury risk but their mitigation has rarely been considered in a sports injury prevention framework. A key concept behind monitoring training loads for injury prevention is to screen for those at increased risk of injury so that workloads can be adjusted to minimise these risks. This review describes how advances...

This is the first study to evaluate the mechanical sensitivity, clinical classifications and prevalence of groin pain in Australian football players.

Systems thinking frameworks have gained attention in both modelling athlete performance and injury prevention in sports medicine.1–3 We believe that these fields may contribute valuably and interdependently within a larger high performance system.1 The purpose of this editorial is to explain how ‘injury’ and ‘performance’ interact within a system-b...

To investigate: (1) the injury epidemiology in an Australian academy; (2) how athletes transition through the high‐performance sport (HPS) pathway; and (3) why athletes leave this HPS program. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at an Australian HPS academy over a 4‐year period. Medical attention injuries were prospectively recorded. Inju...

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Context The Olympic sport of diving involves the competitive disciplines of 3 m springboard and 10 m platform. Although it is generally accepted that lumbar spine injuries are common in diving athletes, the existing literature of health problems in diving athletes remains scarce. Objective To identify the incidence, prevalence, and type of health...

Background Athlete health is known to affect successful performance. It has also been identified as the most important and feasible athlete retention issue to address by Australian high-performance sport system (HPSS) stakeholders. However, previous research has shown that one in four developing athletes enter the HPSS with a current injury and mor...

Background There is limited evidence describing the injury profile of short-course triathletes, and detail regarding differences between male and females. Comprehensive and reliable longitudinal epidemiological information is required to inform athlete healthcare and preventative practices. Objectives To characterise the prevalence, incidence rate...

Background Athlete attrition is poorly understood in high-performance pathway systems. Literature primarily focuses on understanding athlete attrition factors from intrapersonal (intrinsic) or interpersonal (extrinsic relationships) perspectives, and less on environmental, system or broader societal factors. Objective A complex systems approach wa...

Objective To characterise the prevalence, incidence rate (IR) and burden of injuries in elite short-course triathletes over a 4-year training and competition period. Methods Fifty elite Australian triathletes were prospectively monitored for injury during four consecutive seasons (2018–2021). Injuries requiring medical attention were prospectively...

Background Value-based healthcare provider reimbursement models have been proposed as an alternative to traditional fee-for-service arrangements that can align financial reimbursement more closely to the outcomes of value to patients and society. This study aimed to investigate stakeholder perceptions and experiences of different reimbursement syst...

Introduction: Elite military trainees are burdened by high numbers of musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries and are a priority military population for injury prevention. This research aims to describe the MSK complaint epidemiology of trainees undertaking special forces (SF) training in the Australian Defence Force (ADF). One barrier to accurate injury s...

Enabling athletes to achieve peak performances while also maintaining high levels of health is contextually complex. We aim to describe what a ‘health system’ is and apply the essential functions of stewardship, financing, provision of services and resource generation to an Australian high-performance sport context. We introduce a fifth function th...

Military personnel may be exposed to a range of hazards. The assessment, documentation and reporting of military exposure information are important steps to guide health protection, services, and research to support actively serving members and veterans. In 2021, a Working Group of researchers from veteran and defense administrations across the Fiv...

Background: Determining the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness in short-course triathletes would improve understanding of their etiologies and therefore assist in the development and implementation of prevention strategies. This study synthesizes the existing evidence on the incidence and/or prevalence of injury and illness and summari...

Background Value-based healthcare provider reimbursement models have been proposed as an alternative to traditional fee-for-service arrangements that can align financial reimbursement more closely to the outcomes of value to patients and society. This study aimed to investigate stakeholder perceptions and experiences of different reimbursement syst...

Background: In high-performance sport, athlete performance health encompasses a state of optimal physical, mental, and social wellbeing related to an athlete's sporting success. The aim of this study was to identify the priority areas for achieving athlete performance health in Australia's high-performance sport system (HPSS). Methods: Participa...

Muscle tendon unit fibre mechanics of hamstring and adductor strain injuries are not well studied, with factors such as fatigue promoted as risk factors in the absence of mechanistic evidence. In this study, musculoskeletal modelling was used to estimate fibre mechanics of four hamstring (biceps femoris long head, biceps femoris short head, semimem...

Objective Surveillance of health problems at the 2019 17/U & 19/U Australian Netball National Championships (ANNC) and compare this data with the 2018 17/U & 19/U ANNC. Determine the rate for risk of low energy availability and poor sleep quality in athletes competing at the 2019 ANNC. Design Prospective observational cohort study. Method One hun...

Objectives To investigate associations between nutrition factors (diet restriction, menstrual status, calcium intake, vitamin D and K status), bone mineral density (BMD) and rib stress injury (RSI) history. Design Cross-sectional. Methods 133 elite rowers completed a self-report questionnaire to collect information regarding training and injury h...

Objectives To investigate the prevalence, incidence rate (IR) and burden of health problems (injuries and illnesses) in Australian Olympic class and State Sailing Pathway Program (SSPP) athletes over 12-months of training and competition. Design Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods Ninety-two Australian Sailing and SSPP athletes were prospe...

Objectives Primary: To gain a system-wide perspective on factors leading to athlete attrition from a high-performance sport system (HPSS). Secondary: To identify what a sample of system-wide stakeholders and past athletes value as the most important and feasible attrition factors to address to retain talented athletes. Design Mixed-methods. Metho...

In applied program settings, such as in natural environment control and education, performance evaluation is usually conducted by evaluators considering both self-comparison and comparison with peers. We have developed the performance outcome scoring template (POS-T) for assessments with high face-validity in these settings. POS-T puts achievements...

Background The primary aim of our systematic scoping review was to explore the factors influencing team function and performance across various industries and discuss findings in the context of the high-performance sport support team setting. These outcomes may also be used to inform future research into high-performance teamwork in sport. Methods...

Background The aims of this retrospective study were to (i) provide a description of sleep quality in elite athletes as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), (ii) provide normative PSQI data, (iii) identify differences across sex and sport, (iv) identify components that contribute to high PSQI scores and (v) assess PSQI test–retest...

Objectives To report the medical attention and time-loss injury epidemiology of Australia's premier netball competition. Design Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods One-hundred and nineteen players in the Suncorp Super Netball league were under surveillance during three consecutive seasons (2017–2019), inclusive of pre-, in-, and post- seas...

Background Athlete health, training availability and performance can be impeded due to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). Development of RED-S is underpinned by low energy availability (LEA), however its natural history is yet to be defined. Objective To quantify the prevalence of issues previously described in association with RED-S in...

Background Netball Australia is Australia’s governing netball body, and introduced the ‘Knee injury prevention for Netballers and Enhance performance and Extend play’ (KNEE) program in 2015. Ankle sprains and ACL rupture are the most frequent and costly injuries in 17U & 19U athletes competing at the Australian Netball Championships (ANC). Thirty-e...

Background Pre-elite athletes are at increased risk of injury/illness due to rapid increases in training load, insufficient rest and recovery, growth and a lack of support services compared to elite athletes. Objective Surveillance of incidence, site, nature and mechanisms of injury/illness at the 2018 & 2019 17/U & 19/U Australian Netball Nationa...

Purpose: Psychological stress is reported to be an important contributor to reduced sleep quality and quantity observed in elite athletes. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between psychological stress and sleep and to identify if specific aspects of sleep are disturbed. Methods: One hundred thirty-one elite athletes (mean...

In applied program settings, such as in natural environment control and education, performance evaluation is usually conducted by evaluators considering both self-comparison and comparison with peers. We have developed the Performance Outcome Scoring Template (POS-T) for assessments with high face-validity in these settings. POS-T puts achievements...

Objectives To 1) investigate the incidence, prevalence, burden and characteristics of injuries; and to 2) describe the frequency and type of physiotherapy and medical servicing for elite sports academy athletes over a 12-month season. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Medical attention and time-loss injuries were prospectively recorded by...

The Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) was validated to identify risk of the female athlete triad (triad) in female endurance athletes. This study explored the ability of the LEAF-Q to detect conditions related to low energy availability (LEA) in a mixed sport cohort of female athletes. Data included the LEAF-Q, SCOFF Questio...

Objectives To assess whether ankle tape applied by a Sport and Exercise Physiotherapist (SEP) or self-applied by the athlete results in a change in proprioception and whether it is maintained during a netball session. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Australian Institute of Sport. Participants 53 pre-elite netball athletes. Main outc...

Objective To identify challenges for implementing Netball Australia’s ‘Knee injury prevention for Netballers and Enhance performance and Extend play’ (KNEE) program for 17/U & 19/U State (i.e. regional/provincial representative) teams. Design Concept mapping, a mixed-methods approach incorporating qualitative and quantitative data collection and a...

Objectives To identify if basketball players aged <20 years (U20) self-report hip and/or groin pain and if they perceive this as a problem. To determine potential differences in self-reported playing (training and match play) loads and Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) between those with and without hip/groin pain. Design Cross-sectio...

Sport science and medicine practitioners are interested in the relationships between training load, injury, and illness. The extent to which training preparedness is associated with workload‐related injury and illness risk is debated. Therefore, this study applied multi‐level mixed effect logistic regression to investigate time‐dependent (±7‐ and ±...

Objectives Athlete health, training continuity and performance can be impeded as a result of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). Here we report the point prevalence of symptoms described by the RED-S model in a mixed-sport cohort of Australian female athletes. Methods Elite and pre-elite female athletes (n=112) from eight sports completed...

Background: An emerging method to measure muscle activation patterns is muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging (mfMRI), where pre- and post-exercise muscle metabolism differences indicate spatial muscle activation patterns. Objective: To evaluate studies employing mfMRI to determine activation patterns of lumbar or lower limb muscles followin...

Aim To report the epidemiology of injury and illness in elite rowers over eight seasons (two Olympiads). Methods All athletes selected to the Australian Rowing Team between 2009 and 2016 were monitored prospectively under surveillance for injury and illness. The incidence and burden of injury and illness were calculated per 1000 athlete days (ADs)...

This study investigated the association between synthetic ovarian hormone use [i.e., the oral contraceptive (OC) pill] and basal C-reactive protein (CRP), peripheral blood immune cell subsets, and circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in elite female athletes. Elite female athletes (n = 53) selected in Rio Summer Olympic sq...

The purpose of testing for any communicable disease is to support clinicians in the diagnosis and management of individual patients and to describe transmission dynamics. The novel coronavirus is formally named SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical disease state resulting from an infection is known as COVID-19. Control of the COVID-19 pandemic requires clini...

Objective To identify studies that report three-dimensional (3D) biomechanical analysis of jump-landing tasks in relation to athletes with current patellar tendinopathy (PT), and/or asymptomatic with history of PT or patellar tendon abnormality (PTA) on diagnostic imaging. Methods Five electronic databases were searched. Included articles were req...

Hip-related pain is a well-recognised complaint among active young and middle-aged active adults. People experiencing hip-related disorders commonly report pain and reduced functional capacity, including difficulties in executing activities of daily living. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are essential to accurately examine and compare th...

In 2013, the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O) was developed to record the magnitude, symptoms and consequences of overuse injuries in sport. Shortly afterwards, a modified version of the OSTRC-O was developed to capture all types of injuries and illnesses—The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire...

Patellar tendinopathy is a leading cause of morbidity in jump‐landing athletes. Landing mechanics are identified as a factor associated with PT and/or Patellar Tendon Abnormality. This study aimed to identify key jump‐landing variables associated with PT. Thirty‐six junior elite basketball players (men n=18, women n=18) were recruited from a Basket...

There is no agreement on how to classify, define or diagnose hip-related pain—a common cause of hip and groin pain in young and middle-aged active adults. This complicates the work of clinicians and researchers. The International Hip-related Pain Research Network consensus group met in November 2018 in Zurich aiming to make recommendations on how t...

Aim To describe the demographics, frequency, location, imaging modality and clinician-identified factors of rib stress injury in a cohort of elite rowers over the Rio Olympiad (2012–2016). Methods Analysis of prospectively recorded medical records for the Australian Rowing Team in 2013–2015 and the combined Australian Rowing Team and Olympic Shado...

Purpose: Habitual intense exercise may increase the incidence of upper respiratory symptoms (URS) in elite athletes. This study investigated whether immune gene expression could identify gene markers that discriminate athletes with a higher prevalence of URS. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis of elite Australian athletes from various sports...

Hip-related pain can significantly impact quality of life, function, work capacity, physical activity and family life. Standardised measurement methods of physical capacity of relevance to young and middle-aged active adults with hip-related pain are currently not established. The aim of this consensus paper was to provide recommendations for clini...

The 1st International Hip-related Pain Research Network meeting discussed four prioritised themes concerning hip-related pain in young to middle-aged adults: (1) diagnosis and classification of hip-related pain; (2) patient-reported outcome measures for hip-related pain; (3) measurement of physical capacity for hip-related pain; (4) physiotherapist...

The Acute Recovery and Stress Scale (ARSS) and the Short Recovery and Stress Scale (SRSS) are well-established monitoring tools in German-speaking countries. This study aimed at validating them for English-speaking populations. Overall, 996 athletes (536 males, 24.9 ± 9.1 years) of Australia/New Zealand (n = 380), the United Kingdom (n = 316), and...

Objective: To investigate the incidence, site, nature and cause of injuries sustained during and four weeks following the 2018 Australian National Netball Championships (ANNC's) using medical attention and self-report surveillance tools. Design: Prospective cohort study. Method: Injuries were recorded prospectively using medical attention and...

Background: The risk of sustaining a subsequent injury is elevated in the weeks after return to play (RTP) from an index injury. However, little is known about the magnitude, duration, and nature by which subsequent injury risk is increased. Purpose: To quantify and describe the risk of injury in a 12-week period after RTP from an index injury i...

Objectives: To analyse the characteristics of injuries sustained by elite sprint kayak athletes, to investigate relationships between initial and subsequent injuries, and to examine injury differences between male and female athletes. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data from 63 athletes (37 male, 26 female) of the Australian...

Objectives: To examine the epidemiology of bone stress injuries in an elite sports institute. Design: Retrospective cohort study at the Australian Institute of Sport. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical records contained within the Australian Institute of Sport Athlete Management System electronic database was performed. Records...

Purpose: This review set out to summarise, define, and provide future direction towards the use of performance outcome measures as endpoints in research performed at international benchmark events in athletics. Methods: Scoping review methodology was applied through a search of the PubMed and Sports Discus databases and a systematic article sele...

Background: The original subsequent injury categorisation (SIC-1.0) model aimed to classify relationships between chronological injury sequences to provide insight into the complexity and causation of subsequent injury occurrence. An updated model has recently been published. Comparison of the data coded according to the original and revised subse...