Michael Baldauf

Hochschule Wismar | HS Wismar · Department of Maritime Studies

Some port approaches require challenging manoeuvring strategies for arrival and departure, specifically under heavy wind and current conditions. In recent papers a discussion of the “Stern-First-Method” SFM was started suggesting that it would be beneficial to go astern into the harbour instead of the conventional bow first method. In this paper th...

Several risk management frameworks have been introduced in the literature for maritime Pollution Preparedness and Response (PPR). However, in light of the actual needs of the competent authorities, there is still a lack of framework that is established on a sound risk conceptual basis, addresses the different risk management decision-making context...

Some years ago, the SAMMON software tool box was introduced for “simulation augmented manoeuvring design, monitoring & conning”. It is based on the innovative “rapid advanced prediction & interface technology” (RAPIT) to simulate the ships motion by fast time simulation FTS with complex dynamic math models and to display the ships track immediately...

Safe and efficient vessel traffic flow is the overall aim of maritime transportation. Each of the different components of the transportation system contributes to this aim. The current situation is characterized by substantial changes in the maritime world. They are caused by he introduction of new technologies and the implementation of e-Navigatio...

The “Simulation Augmented Manoeuvring Design, Monitoring & Conning” (SAMMON) software toolbox is based on the innovative “Rapid Advanced Prediction & Interface Technology” (RAPIT). The ship’s motion is calculated by fast-time simulation (FTS) with complex dynamic math models, and the ship’s track is displayed immediately in an electronic sea chart...

Collision avoidance is one of the main tasks on board ships to ensure safety at sea. To comply with this requirement, the direct ship environment, which is often modelled as the ship’s domain, has to be kept free of other vessels and objects. This paper addresses the question to which extent inaccuracies in position (P), navigation (N), and timing...

This paper describes project work supported by the German Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (BMVBS) to perform an in-depth evaluation of the transfer and presentation of information received via communication equipment on onboard navigational displays. The goal was to identify safety-relevant information items and then map the f...

A new technology called RAPIT for “Rapid Advanced Prediction & Interface Technology” was developed, based on Fast Time Simulation to simulate the ships motion with complex dynamic models in order to immediately display the ships track in an Electronic Sea Chart for intended or actual rudder or engine manoeuvres. This is the basis for the innovative...

Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) are shore-based systems to ensure safe and efficient flow of shipping along coast lines and from and to ports. They are standardized and regulated by United Nation’s International Maritime Organization (IMO) with major contributing work from International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorit...

Ein ökologisch sinnvoller und ökonomisch effizienter Schiffsbetrieb ist eine zwingende Grundanforderung der (nationalen und internationalen) Schifffahrt und kann durch vielfältige Maßnahmen erreicht werden. Viele dieser Maßnahmen sind technologische Ansätze, wie z.B. die Veränderung von Motorparametern oder Steuerungssystemen, Nutzung von alternati...

Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) are well established all over the globe. They become increasingly important in contributing to safety, the efficiency of maritime traffic and the protection of the marine environment. The Sunda Strait with a high traffic density in its coastal waters, serving national and international shipping, including crossing pass...

The ability of an infrastructure to be resistant against hazards or to accommodate and recover from hazard-induced destructions and disturbances is characterized as resilience. Usually, infrastructures are engineered socio-technical systems or systems-of-systems. Jackson and Ferris consider the use of finite state machine (FSM) modelling as a suita...

This paper discusses the application of resilience engineering principles by shipborne navigation systems. As a technological system, the ship navigation system comprises all the communication and navigation equipment required to operate a ship. If examined as a socio-technological system, one has to additionally consider the use of the ship naviga...

Zur Unterstützung des nachhaltigen und sicheren Betriebs von Kreuzfahrtschiffen in Küstengewässern und in Häfen werden neue Konzepte am Maritimen Simulations-Centrum Warnemünde MSCW in Forschungsprojekten entwickelt. Die Innovation besteht in der Anwendung von integrierten, komplexen Modellen für die Manövrierbewegung in Kombination mit erweiterten...

There is a unique approach at ISSIMS-Institute called "Rapid Advanced Prediction & Interface Technology" (RAPIT): It provides instant visualization of the ship's track for the intended rudder, thruster or engine manoeuvres, additionally the ship can be steered by a smart interface to allow for the involvement of the professionalism of a human opera...

The presentation discusses the application of resilience engineering principles by shipside navigation systems and their effectiveness taking into account their mutual dependencies. Within this context the ship navigation system is considered as technological system (without human in the loop) as well as socio-technical system (with human in the lo...

Critical infrastructures are essential lifelines for a wellfunctioning society, the competitiveness of the economy, and the social prosperity. One of the basic technological infrastructures of the global trade is the maritime transportation system with its wide range of sub-systems and their components as e.g. provided services and involved actors....

One of the greatest challenges in shipping automation is the automatic manoeuvring in areas with high safety standards which are executed today exclusively by nautical officers with appropriate expertise. Precise manoeuvre plans and suitable control solutions are missing because the human operators act according their mental strategies. The present...

New concepts to support sustainable and safe operation of ships in coastal and harbour areas have been developed at Maritime Simulation Centre Warnemünde MSCW/ISSIMS Institute in research projects based on Fast Time Simulation (FTS). These methods provide instant visualization of the ship’s track for the intended rudder, thruster or engine manoeuvr...

Current maritime transportation and shipping is characterized by rapid technological developments effecting the basic concepts of operating ships and even changing traditional paradigms of controlling ships. The e-Navigation concept of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) specifically aims at more comprehensive and reliable support of the...

In shipping, collision risk is a serious safety threat. Risk probability estimations used for policy making are derived from trac density statistics, largely ignoring the decision making process on board. Conict detection and resolution on board is done using rather rudimentary but eective mental-model based techniques. In this article the authors...

This article explores the perception of seafarers towards offshore wind farms, and the safety risks associated with navigation, and maritime activities in their vicinity. The data was gathered through a large-scale survey study, and triangulated through further interviews, simulation exercises, and existing literature.

This work focuses on the development of a deterministic dynamic risk method that can be used by operational end-users such as seafarers, when navigating in restricted waters where there is spatial conflict due to multi-use of marine areas by the shipping and offshore renewable energy industries. The developed method can also be used during the plan...

Risks in the maritime domain have various sources, of which the transportation of oil and other noxious products is one of key concern to industry and public stakeholders. Operational or accidental releases of oil or other pollutants from ships or offshore facilities into the marine environment can have disastrous effects on the marine ecosystems,...

Recent discussions on digitalization, and autonomous ships provide a disruptive picture of how the maritime industry may be transformed in this process. The magnitude of this digitalization trend is very different from the one of implementing e-Navigation initiated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 2006 to harmonize, integrate, ex...

Maritime Spatial Planning has become an essential requirement in order to ensure and contribute to the protection of the marine environment. The challenge is to regulate economic interests by simultaneously ensuring appropriate levels of safety for the various off-shore activities in coastal and open sea areas like fish farming, establishing operat...

A fast time simulation toolbox was developed to simulate the ships motion with complex dynamic models and to display the ships track immediately in an Electronic Sea Chart for the intended or actual rudder or engine manoeuvre. At INSLC 2016 the “Simulation Augmented Manoeuvring Design and Monitoring” - SAMMON toolbox introduced and experiences were...

New technologies as Fast Time Simulation (FTS) have great potential for teaching and learning in the maritime training environment and for use on board of ships. New concepts for training application of these innovative technologies have been developed at Maritime Simulation Centre Warnemunde MSCW / ISSIMS Institute in research projects. The innova...

Research results are described that explore technological innovation to reduce ship groundings and collisions by significantly increasing watchstander situational awareness to environmental conditions below the waterline. This is especially relevant to ship navigation in the Arctic requiring transit through shallow, draft-constrained coastal and ar...

Recent discussions on digitalization, and autonomous ships provide a disruptive picture of how the maritime industry may be transformed in this process. The magnitude of this digitalization trend is very different from the one of implementing e-Navigation initiated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 2006 to harmonize, integrate, ex...

The majority of accidents in the maritime domain is caused to by human errors. One of the measures to reduce human-related marine accidents is proposed to implement the e-Navigation concept according to the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) strategy implementation plan. E-Navigation is harmonized collection, integration, exchange and pres...

The so called "digitalization" phenomenon provides new opportunities to enhance the productivity and efficiency of ship operations beyond its traditional limits… A reduced number of crew is already the norm in today’s partially automated socio-technical system on board; in the near future crew number will go further down! There will be periods when...

This contribution presents the systematic conception of a modular manoeuvring assistance system based on dynamic motion model. Selected components of the system are described in detail such as additional measurement equipment for precise dynamic modelling, the sensor fusion as well as the proximity recognition module tested on unmanned surface vehi...

The use of simulation tools is a proven method for many applications in the domain of ship manoeuvring. It has been found highly useful in the form of huge full mission ship handling simulators for training, as well as for port and fairway investigation. These simulators, however, are designed based on real time simulations to mimic real processes...

Shipping contributes to air pollution, especially in coastal zones and harbour areas where a large number of people are concentrated. The urgent need for ‘green’ ship manoeuvres with less (or even no) emissions arises from such concerns. While there is already a lot of support available for an energy-efficient mode of operation and reduced emission...

The increasing number and sizes of offshore wind farms (OWFs), combined with the ambitious plans for future developments in the sector, portray a bleak outlook for ‘traditional’ maritime and marine players. The sustained growth of OWFs can cause conflict with other marine users, and thus certain risk control options (RCOs) may need to be adapted in...

An article in the September 2017 issue of Seaways provided an overview of the advantages of manned model training for shiphandling. Although this type of training is effective for developing major parts of an individual mental model for monitoring and controlling shiphandling processes, there are some aspects that this training method is unable to...

Energy-efficient operation of ships focusses on economical use of fuel. Consumption of fuel in shipping causes costs and pollutes the environment. ‘Green Manoeuvring’ refers to ship handling in an environmentally friendly manner, meaning, using the settings for controlling a ship’s movement in a way that emissions of nitric and sulphur oxides (NOx...

The present situation in international shipping is characterized by rapid technological developments effecting the basic concepts of operating ships and even changing traditional paradigms of controlling ships. The e-Navigation concept developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Association of Marine Aids to Nav...

Avoidance of collisions is one of the most important tasks for the officer of the watch on a ship's bridge. Measures and actions required to avoid such accidents are described in the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 1972 and still valid...

The work presented was conducted as part of on-going research which contributes among others to project on further development and implementation of the e-Navigation concept by new and enhanced shore-based applications (TSDG study) funded by Korea Research Institute Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO). It also contributed to the European project for...

In the analysis at hand, the authors consider if, and how, ship handling simulators can be used to feasibly augment existing navigational risk assessment (NRA) studies – particularly those concerning offshore renewable energy installations (OREIs). In order to achieve their aim, they have conducted an experimental pilot study that allowed them to o...

The poster provides a guideline on the different spatial terms related to maritime activities. This is part of a wider range of reports which serve to improve the planning and approval process of Offshore Renewable Energy Installations.

The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is intended, primarily, to allow ships to “view” marine traffic in their area and to “be seen” by that traffic; it is an automatic tracking system used on ships and by Vessel Traffic Services (VTS). AIS integrates a standardized VHF transceiver with a positioning system such as a GPS receiver, with other el...

In the analysis at hand, the authors consider if, and how, ship handling simulators can be used to feasibly augment existing navigational risk assessment (NRA) studies – particularly those concerning offshore renewable energy installations (OREIs). In order to achieve their aim, they have conducted an experimental pilot-study that allowed observing...

The innovative “Simulation-Augmented Manoeuvring Design, Monitoring & Control” system (SAMMON) based on Fast Time Simulation (FTS) technology was developed at the Institute for Innovative Ship Simulation and Maritime Systems (ISSIMS) of the Maritime Simulation Centre Warnemuende MSCW. The system consists of software modules for (a) Manoeuvring Desi...

Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) is a structured methodology in maritime safety rule making processes. FSA takes organizational, technical and human-related factors into concern. While the method allows for the use of expert input during the identification of hazards and risk control options, the FSA guidelines give preference to assessment methods g...

Areas of the world where the physical environment is relatively unknown in terms of hydrographic surveys and nautical chart content are under pressure from increasing vessel transits as well as tourism and exploration for natural resources. This includes the Arctic, Antarctic and even remote tropical regions. Research efforts are described that are...

In the analysis at hand, the authors consider if, and how, ship handling simulators can be used to feasibly augment existing navigational risk assessment (NRA) studies – particularly those concerning offshore renewable energy installations (OREIs). In order to achieve their aim, they have conducted an experimental pilot-study that allowed observing...

Vessel traffic in the Arctic is expanding in volume both within and transiting the region, yet the infrastructure necessary to support modern ship navigation is lacking. This includes aids to navigation such as buoys and beacons that can be difficult to place and maintain in this hostile environment that stretches across vast distances. The results...

Emergency response, crew resource and crisis management are important aspects of Maritime Education and Training (MET). The authors of this paper approach these aspects, utilizing enhanced simulation based team training. The authors argue that an effective way to gain experience and achieve corresponding skills, are practice runs on specially desig...

Safety of navigation is especially challenging and critical when a ship approaches and manoeuvres in harbour areas. Improving the safety especially in the first and last phase of a voyage is crucial and requires measures addressing both the human and technical-technological elements including support systems that shall provide human operators with...

Virtual electronic aids to navigation are being introduced into the present short range aids to navigation system in the form of Automated Information System radio-based aids. Research is also underway into the development of their equivalents for use in regions that feature hostile environments, are poorly charted and lack any infrastructure whats...

The scope of this paper is implementation issues of the e-Navigation concept of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). IMO has adopted the e-Navigation strategic implementation plan (SIP) in 2014. This plan, i.a., bases on estimating the effect of e-Navigation applications on reducing navigational accidents, including collisions and groundi...

The primary goal of this study was the assessment of maritime operators’ mental workload in simulation scenarios designed for containing typical traffic situations to be handled by officers during usual routine ship navigation. Taskload was manipulated throughout the sessions to analyse changes in ocular activity during complexity peaks. Specifica...

The current paper discusses how 3-dimensional Forward Looking Sonar (3D FLS) technology can be used to improve the safety of navigation around offshore wind farms (OWFs). The authors make the case that although the use of 3D FLS is not widespread at present, the rapid growth in the number, and sizes of offshore wind turbines presents a formidable c...

Recent accident statistics have shown a continuous increase in year to year serious and very serious accidents at sea. In the near future, higher traffic density is estimated, which may further contribute to this increase. Within the 3-year Project MTCAS, partners from industry and academia contribute to accident reduction by developing an e-Naviga...

In the rather extended maritime domain, a term that should be the epicenter of any successful career-building path is tailor-made training via cutting-edge simulators. To cut a long story short, the breadth of operations on the various types of ships has expanded to such a large extent that extensive practical training drills are becoming a compell...

International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted the e-Navigation strategic implementation plan (SIP) in 2014, estimating its effect on reducing navigational accidents, including collisions and groundings of ships falling under the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) by approximately 65 per cent. However, IMO Member...

Low carbon shipping can be achieved in various ways, e.g. by applying constructive measures, using low carbon fuels or alternative propulsion systems. Another approach will be discussed in this paper: By means of Fast-Time-Simulation (FTS) Technology the ship’s motion can be calculated for more than 20 minutes within only one second. This predictio...

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das gegenwärtige Nutzungspotential des Forschungshafens und zeigt exemplarisch auf, wie neue GNSS Systeme sowie Ergänzungssysteme für Entwicklungen zur modernen Schiffsführung genutzt werden können

The safe and economic movement of commercial and military vessel traffic and cargo of strategic military importance is dependent upon a short range Aids to Navigation (AtoN) system designed to enable navigators to accurately determine their position, plot a safe course, and be warned of dangers and obstructions that exist along their route of trans...

The risk of navigational accidents remains a prime concern and priority in maritime transportation and shipping. Authors are turning to other high-risk industries for inspiration. In particular, another high-risk transport industry – the aviation industry – is often used as a source of comparisons and ideas by researchers in the maritime domain. Ke...

Since 2003, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has emphasised the need to address and integrate ergonomics knowledge in a concerted manner. However, there is little guidance on the application of this knowledge in the design of merchant vessels. Utilizing a mixed methods approach, the paper identifies the need for crew-centered design (C...