Mian Hammad Nazir

University of South Wales · Electrical and Electronics Engineering

The effect of residual and diffusion-induced stresses on corrosion at the interface of coating and substrate has been analyzed within a multidisciplinary approach, i.e., material science, solid mechanics, and electrochemistry. A self-consistent equation for corrosion current density, involving the combined effect of residual stress and diffusion-in...

A study has been presented of pitting corrosion on internal walls of automotive exhaust muffler due to exhaust gases condensation. The problem mainly exists in the rear section of exhaust system close to tail end pipe such as muffler, especially when the temperature of muffler does not go up during short distance run or winter. The water vapor cond...

Electric power consistency is one of the essential variables in the social and economic growth of a smart city. In contrast, innovative energy sources and intelligent electricity networks are the primary components in making a city smart. This study describes an artificial neural network (ANN)- based controller for increasing power supply consisten...

A comprehensive study of nanocomposite coating friction behaviour in oscillating-reciprocating simulations with steel balls is presented. Graphene/Nickel (Ni/GPL) and pure Nickel (Ni) coatings have been studied. SEM, EDS, and AFM analyses of coatings pre-test were performed to characterise the coatings in addition to tests to compare the coefficien...

In this research, the mechanisms of end-grain corrosion of 304L NAG tubes in boiling 9M HNO3-containing Cr (VI) ions are reported to sustainably manage the corrosion of nuclear fuel reprocessing plant components. Specific heat treatments were applied to as-received specimens to produce phosphorus and/or sulphur intergranular segregation. End-grain...

Water oxidation could be helpful to have a generation of useful oxidant known as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via electrochemical route. A defined structured of molybdenum oxide based electrode was synthesised by a thermal compression treatment over PV-15 composite coating. The coating was then employed for electrochemical water splitting at constant p...

Research is being carried out worldwide for possible treatment of cancer. Graphene has been studied as a drug carrier for various cancer-related drugs [1-2]. In the present work, we apply theoretical models to study the electrons interactions, thermodynamic properties, and solvent interaction of the drug-carrier configuration. The stability of grap...

This Special Issue in Nanomaterials, “Development of Nanocomposite Coatings”, was set up with the aim to provide authors with an opportunity to showcase their latest developments in this field [...]

Research is being carried out worldwide for possible treatment of cancer. Graphene has been studied as a drug carrier for various cancer-related drugs [1-2]. In the present work, we apply theoretical models to study the electrons interactions, thermodynamic properties, and solvent interaction of the drug-carrier configuration. The stability of grap...

Apparatus (200) for detecting corrosion of a coating (250) of an object (216) , the apparatus comprising : an electrically conductive body (202) defining a cavity (204) for containing an electrolyte (206) , the body (202) arranged to be , in use , in electrically conductive contact with the object (216) and arranged to isolate , in use , the electr...

This research presents the performance evaluation of four various type of top-of-the-line commercial and prototype lithium-ion energy storage technologies with an objective to find out the optimal cell technology which is suitable for the development of high power battery packs for regenerative braking system applied in next-generation demonstrator...

Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during oxidation of water oxidation could present a valuable method to generate this powerful oxidant. A simply structured Mn based electrode over a carbon polymer composite substrate (Mn(III)oxide/C)was manufactured by a thermal compression bonding method. The electrode was then used for wat...

The greenhouse emissions are biggest challenge of the present era. The renewable power sources are required having characteristics of good charge capacity, energy density with proven charging discharging cycles for energy storage and applications.Mg-air batteries (MAB) are alternative renewable power source due to their inexpensive cost. In particu...

This paper investigates the potential for use of batteries from retired plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in specific grid applications. In this research project, a reference capacity test was performed to check state of health (SOH), state of charge (SOC) and battery durability of a PHEV battery, and the pack was then tested under duty cycl...

To solve the problems of climate change and pave the way towards a more sustainable future, research is being carried out to develop new electrode materials for high-performance batteries. Great efforts are underway to find new materials that can fulfil the demanding requirements for new batteries. Transition metals are a class of materials that ar...

This paper introduces essential key attributes of composite materials with a focus on carbon fi-bre (CF), followed by a description of common failure modes and proceeds to an investigation of stiffness of continuous CF laminates of 4-ply and 7-ply epoxy resin in pre-preg and wet layup. The three-point flexural test was performed with a Zwick Z010 m...

In this paper, three distinct distributed energy resources (DERs) modules have been built based on demand side management (DSM), and their use in power management of dwelling in future smart cities has been investigated. The investigated modules for DERs system are: incorporation of load shedding, reduction of grid penetration with renewable energy...

Electric power reliability is one of the most important factors in the social and economic evolution of a smart city, whereas the key factors to make a city smart are smart energy sources and intelligent electricity networks. The development of cost-effective microgrids with the added functionality of energy storage and backup generation plans has...

Electric power reliability is one of the most important factors in the social and economic evolution of a smart city, whereas the key factors to make a city smart are smart energy sources and intelligent electricity networks. The development of cost-effective microgrids with the added functionality of energy storage and backup generation plans has...

Disclosed is an apparatus for use in sensing electrochemical change in an object, the apparatus comprising: a substantially electrically conductive body defining a cavity for containing an electrolyte, the body arranged to be, in use, in electrically conductive contact with the object and arranged physically to isolate, in use, the electrolyte from...

An optimal condition based maintenance scheduling for metal structures based on a multidisciplinary research approach Abstract Latest research findings show that the deterioration of metal coatings results due to complex combination of material and meteorological parameters. The classical maintenance scheduling do not consider complex interface of...

This paper presents the study of wear responses of nanocomposite coatings with a steel ball under oscillating-reciprocating state. Nanocomposite coatings for this study include: Nickel-Alumina (Ni/Al 2 O 3), Nickel-Silicon Carbide (Ni/SiC), Nickel-Zirconia (Ni/ZrO 2) and Ni/Graphene. Ni/ZrO 2 exhibited maximum wear rate followed by Ni/SiC, Ni/Al 2...

The ambiguous nature of meteorological parameters in uncontrolled environmental conditions makes it difficult to determine the structural integrity of stationary and mobile assets. The weather conditions for large vehicles, at The Tank Museum at Bovington United Kingdom, which are operating under controlled and uncontrolled environmental conditions...

A comprehensive model for predicting fatigue failure probability of surface c-shaped cracks in silicon nitride ball bearing elements under rolling contact fatigue (RCF) has been presented in this paper. Firstly, three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) is used to determine the stress intensity factors (SIFs) along the front of crack by using...

This research presents analytical and mathematical modelling of coating failures within industrial components, structures, mobile assets and systems due to corrosive degradation and mechanical fracture. These failures lead to serval surface problems, therefore contact mechanics and electrochemistry approaches incorporating induced residual stresses...

This paper presents the effects of three major parameters; temperature, relative humidity and hygroscopic salts contaminants on the atmospheric corrosion of large steel structures. The effects of these three parameters have been analysed by using micro-sized LPR sensors to continuously monitor the corrosion rate of a degrading large structure under...

This paper presents analysis and modelling of synergistic wear-corrosion performance of Nickel-Graphene (Ni/GPL) nanocomposite coating and compares it with un-coated steel 1020 under reciprocating-sliding contact. A novel synergistic wear-corrosion prediction model incorporating Archard description with nano-mechanics and electrochemistry was devel...

The quality of coating and the resulting rate of corrosion of the underlying metal substrate can be measured by a variety of corrosion measurements (Tafel, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) by using standard laboratory electrochemical cells. However there is always a need of low cost, portable and non-destructive electrochemical cells which c...

The quality of coating and the resulting rate of corrosion of the underlying metal substrate can be measured by a variety of corrosion measurements (Tafel, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) by using standard laboratory electrochemical cells. However there is always a need of low cost, portable and non-destructive electrochemical cells which c...

This research presents analytical and mathematical modelling of coating failures within industrial components, structures, mobile assets and systems due to corrosive degradation and mechanical fracture. These failures lead to several surface problems; therefore, contact mechanics and electrochemistry approaches incorporating induced residual stress...

A study has been presented on the effects of intrinsic mechanical parameters, such as the surface stress, surface elastic modulus, surface porosity, permeability and grain size on the corrosion failure of nanocomposite coatings. A set of mechano-electrochemical equations was developed by combining the popular Butler-Volmer and Duhem expressions to...

This research investigates delamination and blistering as coating failure mechanisms due to corrosive diffusing species, residual and thermal stresses. Several mathematical models to include environmental variables as temperature, humidity ratio, and atmospheric constituents have been developed and reported. During this study, various coating failu...

The multidisciplinary approach has been adopted to model the formation and propagation of blistering effect for evaluation of useful coating life in the multi-layered coating–substrate system. A prognostic model of de-bonding driving force has been formulated as a function of material science, solid mechanics and fracture mechanics properties to es...

A comprehensive model has been developed to predict uniform corrosion rate of structural steel under the effect of low pH conditions for example, acid rain. Acid rain is mainly caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2) which reacts with the water droplets in the atmosphere to produce acidic solution which is the primary cause of corrosion of ste...

The objective of this article is to present the research impact, significance and reach made for British military heritage. An effective knowledge exchange model is being developed in terms of substantial contribution to the identification, measurement, analysis, prediction and condition-monitoring of structural failures within military tanks with...

This paper presents a comprehensive review of friction modelling to provide an understanding of design for durability within interacting systems. Friction is a complex phenomenon and occurs at the interface of two components in relative motion. Over the last several decades, the effects of friction and its modelling techniques have been of signific...

This paper contains a review of the most vital concepts regarding the analysis and design of film systems. Various techniques have been presented to analyse and predict the failure of films for all common types of failure: fracture, delamination, general yield, cathodic blistering, erosive and corrosive wear in both organic and inorganic films. Int...

This paper presents research findings on the tribological performance of electrodeposited coatings subject to nano-lubricants with the addition of nano-Al2O3 and graphene and Ni/nano-Al2O3 composite coatings. Electrodeposited coatings were produced by using a pulse electrodeposition method. Tribological experiments were conducted by using a linear...

RFID (Radio-frequency identification) technology using passive tags is gaining a lot of attention now days. One of the main problems with RFID systems is collision among messages from multiple RFID tags. Various anti-collision algorithms have been proposed in order to resolve these issues which have been mainly divided into Tree based and Aloha-bas...

This paper presents the delamination of coating with micro-cracks under compressive residual stress coupled with diffusion induced stress. Micro-cracks in coating provide a passage for corrosive species towards the coating-substrate interface which in turn produces diffusion induced stress in the coating. Micro-cracks contract gradually with increa...

Diamond like carbon (DLC) coatings are deposited by using PVD or sputtered methods, mainly targeting sliding contacts in automotive engines and other applications. DLC failure means limiting of the lifetime, especially within IC engines. Therefore, DLC coated components are susceptible to wear associated with debris release resulting in fretting co...

The objective of this paper is to present the research impact, significance and reach made for British military Heritage. An effective knowledge exchange model is being developed in terms of substantial contribution to the identification, measurement, analysis, prediction and condition monitoring of structural failures within military tanks with en...

This research presents time-dependent corrosion analysis of automotive steel utilised in a large military vehicle in real operating environment, followed by simulated environmental tests and simplistic surface corrosion modelling. Time-dependent surface corrosion accumulated on this specific component was observed to be approximately 250 μm thick,...

The influence of three parameters, i.e. interfacial roughness λ, coating thickness h and impurity radius r at the coating–substrate interface on interfacial toughness, has been investigated within the framework of two approaches, i.e. thermodynamics and fracture mechanics. The governing equations for both the approaches have been derived independen...

This article is a synopsis of our research and highlights the outcomes and its impact. It was conducted for the development of a sustainable approach to protect and sustain large vehicles in sheltered environment for their enhanced longevity. In this research, various modes of failures linked directly or indirectly to the structural ageing of large...

The paper presents a novel theoretical model of blistering initiation and propagation especially useful for coating life assessment. The focus is on initially circular blisters. A two-part theoretical analysis of blistering is conducted using mesomechanics approach coupling diffusion concepts with fracture mechanics concepts. The diffusion concept...

This paper addresses a novel modelling technique which is based on a multidisciplinary approach to predict the coating-substrate adhesion. It proposes new equations governing coating debondment that combines material science concepts with and solid mechanics concepts. The effects of two parameters i.e. interface roughness λ and coating thickness h...

The MnO–Zn thin films were fabricated by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and compared with pulse electrodeposition (PED) Zn thin films, doped with MnO and ZrO nanoparticles. Surface morphology, structural properties, chemical composition and corrosion resistance of these coatings were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, X-...

This paper addresses a holistic mathematical design by using a novel approach for understanding the mechanism of cathodic delamination. The approach employed a set of interdependent parallel processes with each process representing: cation formation, oxygen reduction and cation transport mechanism respectively. Novel mathematical equations have bee...

The MnO–Zn thin films were fabricated by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and compared with pulse electrodeposition (PED) Zn thin films, doped with MnO and ZrO nanoparticles. Surface morphology, structural properties, chemical composition and corrosion resistance of these coatings were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, X-...

A mathematical model for failure prediction and reliability assessment of coating-substrate system is developed based on a multidisciplinary approach. Two models for diffusion and bending of bi-layer cantilever beam have been designed separately based on the concepts of material science and solid mechanics respectively. Then, these two models are i...

The MnO-Zn thin films were fabricated by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and compared with pulse electrodeposition (PED) Zn thin films, doped with MnO and ZrO nanoparticles. Surface morphology, structural properties, chemical composition and corrosion resistance of these coatings were investigated by using Scanning Electron Microscopic (S...

The influence of three parameters i.e. interfacial roughness, coating thickness and the size of impurity at the interface on interfacial fracture toughness has been investigated within the framework of two approaches i.e. thermodynamics and fracture mechanics. Mathematical relationship for both the approaches have been designed independently and th...

A novel mathematical model has been developed to understand the mechanism of blister initiation and propagation. The model employs a two-part theoretical approach encompassing the debondment of a coating film from the substrate, coupled with the design components incorporating diffusion and fracture mechanics, where the latter is derived from equi-...

This paper, by experimental and investigation, examines the effects of dry and flood cutting conditions by comparing the rate of tool wear during metal turning and the produced surface roughness to determine if dry cutting can be a cost effective solution. For efficient manufacturing, the surface roughness of the turned parts should be dependent on...

A mathematical model for metal-coating delamination of degrading metal was developed incorporating multiple variable environmental and physical parameters. Metal-coating delamination not only depends on the electrochemical reactions at metal-coating interface but also on the factors like the type of propagating metal ions and their varying concentr...

Tag collision in a radio frequency identification system (RFID) is an important parameter that affects the overall system performance. Different algorithms have been proposed to efficiently utilize the slots during data transmission between reader and tags that need to be identified. Dynamic Frame slotted Aloha is a widely used anti collision algor...

DFSA (Dynamic Frame Slotted Aloha) based anti-collision algorithms resolve the collision among the RFID (Radio frequency-ID) tags by adjusting the frame size for the incoming frame according to the number of un-identified tags. The system efficiency directly depends upon the estimated number of tags that contribute towards the frame size adjustment...

DFSA (Dynamic Frame Slotted Aloha) based anti-collision algorithms resolve the collision among the RFID (Radio frequency-ID) tags by adjusting the frame size for the incoming frame according to the number of unidentified tags. The system efficiency directly depends upon the estimated number of tags that contribute towards the frame size adjustment....

Passive UHF RFID systems using Dynamic Frame-Slotted ALOHA (DFSA) adjust the frame size according to the number of tags, but frame size N is equals to 2^Q and cannot be adjusted exactly to the number of tags to be identified. In this paper, we propose an optimal Aloha algorithm (ODFSA), which uses probabilistic approach for tags to access...

ALOHA (DFSA) adjust the frame size according to the number of tags, but frame size N is equals to 𝟐 𝑸 and cannot be adjusted exactly to the number of tags to be identified. In this paper, we proposed a new Aloha based anti-collision algorithm which divides the tags and adjusts the frame sizes in such a manner as to always keep the system efficiency...