Metha Wanapat

• Ph.D., Post Doc.
• Managing Director at Khon Kaen University

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of crude protein (CP) levels combined with the supplementation of a microencapsulated phytonutrients pellet made from a mixture of lemongrass and dragon fruit peel (MiEn-LEDRAGON) on gas production, degradability, fermentation characteristics, and microbial diversity using the in vitro ga...

Plastic waste, particularly from packaging materials, has become a significant environmental concern due to its slow degradation and widespread use. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), commonly used in plastic bags and packaging, is resistant to biodegradation due to its hydrophobic backbone and high thermal stability. This study aimed to investigate...

Objective: The current study aimed to determine the impact of supplementing fruit peel pellet microencapsulated phytonutrients (mMARABAC) on rumen fermentation efficiency, in vitro degradability, methane production, and microbial diversity. Methods: The experiment was completely random, and the dietary treatments were mMARABAC supplements at 0,...

The poultry farming industry in Thailand plays a crucial role in the nation's economy and food security. However, its long-term sustainability is challenged by disease outbreaks, environmental concerns, rising feed costs, market fluctuations, and shifting consumer preferences. This review examines the current state of poultry farming in Thailand, f...

The aim of the trial was to evaluate the influence of diet supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on nutrient digestibility and milk and mozzarella cheese yield in buffalo cows during the transition period. Twenty buffalo cows in the last month of pregnancy were equally divided into two groups (control, C, and treated, T) homogeneous for par...

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of urea-lime treatment on rice straw regarding its influence on nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation efficiency in swamp buffaloes. Eight rumen-fistulated swamp buffaloes (353 ± 11 kg) were used in a completely randomised design experiment. They received one of the two diets (untreated rice straw (R...

Microencapsulation, the advanced and newest coating technology, enhances the efficacy and stability of phytonutrients, particularly sensitive plant extracts, in animal feed. Phytonutrients have potential to mitigate methane emissions (CH4) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations during rumen fermentation but require protection to maintain effec...

This study aimed to survey the prevalence of Fasciola spp. infection in cattle and buffaloes in Luang Prabang province, Lao PDR (Laos). To determine the prevalence of Fasciola spp. a total of 100 individual fecal samples (50 from buffaloes and 50 from cattle) were collected from smallholder farms in seven locations within Luang Prabang province. Th...

The increasing global population and subsequent animal protein source demand necessitate the exploration of alternative feed sources for animal. Insects have emerged as a viable option due to their potential to provide high-quality proteins with minimal environmental impact. Black soldier fly (BSF), containing high nutrients such as protein and bio...

Yaks play an important role in the livelihood of the people of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and contribute significantly to the economy of the different countries in the region. Yaks are commonly raised at high altitudes of ∼ 3,000-5,400m above sea level. They provide many important products, namely, milk, meat, fur, and manure, as well as socia...

This study examined the potential of duckweed powder (DWP) on in vitro fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradability, microbial change, and methane (CH4) production using in vitrostudy technique. This investigation used a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD) by different roughage-to-concentrate (R: C) ratios of...

The objective was to assess the supplementation with microencapsulation of hemp leaf extract (mHLE) utilized as a rumen enhancer on in vitro rumen fermentation and to enhance the bioavailability of active compounds for antimicrobial action, particularly in protozoa and methanogen populations. The feed treatments were totally randomized in the exper...

Objective: Tropical plants are composed of phytonutrients (PTNs) and are utilized for their capacity to manipulate rumen fermentation characteristics and methane production. The aim of this experiment was to determine the impact of microencapsulated phytonutrients-extracted from lemongrass and mangosteen peel (M-LEMANGOS), as well as crude protein...

Objective: This work was to investigate the effect of using Azolla (Azolla microphylla) leaf meal and phytonutrient powder on rumen fermentation efficiency and nutrient degradability using in vitro technique. Methods: All respective treatments were imposed in a 2 × 4 × 2 Factorial arrangements according to a completely randomized design (CRD). T...

Ruminant animals constitute major contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and play an important part in sustainable agricultural systems. A bioactive compound (BC) with antibacterial properties was utilized to inhibit rumen methanogens and decrease ruminant methane emissions. The bio efficacy of ruminant nutrition was frequently employed usi...

This study examined the effects of various insect species, such as those of Bombyx mori , Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio monitor , that have long been used in combination with medicinal plants and are an important alternative to modern medicine in many parts of the world. The current use of traditional pesticides from around the year 2010 and the c...

This study was conducted to investigate both fruit and different levels of leaf supplementation on the growth performance, organ indices and intestinal microflora of rats. Twenty-five healthy male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups. The rats in the control (NC) and positive control (PC) groups were fed by gavage a basal diet...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of microencapsulated bioactive compounds from lemongrass mixed dragon fruit peel pellet (MiEn-LEDRAGON) supplementation on fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradability, methane production, and the microbial diversity using in vitro gas production technique. The study was carried out...

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the impact of various doses of microencapsulated lemongrass and mangosteen peel (MELM) on gas dynamics, rumen fermentation, degradability, methane production, and microbial population in in vitro gas experiments. With five levels of microencapsulated-phytonutrient supplementation at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4...

Tropical fruit peels from mangosteen, rambutan, and banana are rich in phytonutrients. Several studies reported that the phytonutrients improved rumen fermentation. Nevertheless, the combination of phytonutrients and essential fatty acids on rumen fermentation have not yet been investigated. Hence, the aim of this research was to investigate the in...

Finding out how diet impacts health and metabolism while concentrating on the functional qualities and bioactive components of food is the crucial scientific objective of nutritional research. The complex relationship between metabolism and nutrition could be investigated with cutting-edge "omics" and bioinformatics techniques. This review paper pr...

Simple Summary Buffalo breeding in Italy has significantly increased in the new century because of mozzarella cheese, but also because of a growing interest in meat production. The nutritional factors that significantly affect animal performance are the forage/concentrate ratio, diet energy and protein content, supplementations (i.e., vitamins, min...

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo) pellet (BSP) supplementation on rumen fermentation, protozoal population, and methane (CH4) estimation in beef cattle. Four male Thai native beef cattle, 3 years old, with an average bodyweight of 180 ± 5 kg, were randomly arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin...

The aim of the present trial was to evaluate the growth performance of buffalo calves fed diets characterized by different forage/concentrate ratio with or without the Saccharomyces Cerevisiae supplementation (CBS 493.94, Yea-Sacc®). Twenty-four male buffalo calves (mean age 145.1 ± 16.1 days; mean weight 108.0 ± 18.7) were assigned randomly to 4 g...

Phytonutrients (PTN) namely saponins (SP) and condensed tannins (CT) have been demonstrated to assess the effect of rumen fermentation and methane mitigation. Phytonutrient pellet containing mangosteen, rambutan, and banana flower (MARABAC) and lemongrass including PTN, hence these plant-phytonutrients supplementation could be an alternative plant...

Article Info Importance of the work: The global dynamics encompassing production growth, food supply and the confronting scenario of climate change are profound indicators to harnessing livestock production to meet the anticipated demand of the world population of 9.7 billion in 2050. Objectives: This review collected available research data associ...

Buffaloes are one of the important ruminants contributing to food security in the form of meat and milk, as well as their by-products such as skin, horns, and manure. The buffalo’s meat, milk, and their products have been revealed to have high nutritious values, especially the protein and amino acids profiles and some essential bioactive compounds...

Objective: Mitragyna speciosa Korth is traditionally used in Thailand. They have a high level of antioxidant capacities and bioactive compounds, the potential to modulate rumen fermentation and decrease methane production. The aim of the study was to investigate the different levels of microencapsulated-Mitragyna leaves extracts (MMLE) supplementat...

Cyanogenic glycosides in forage species and the possibility of cyanide (CN) poisoning can have undesirable effects on ruminants. The literature estimates that unknown rumen bacteria with rhodanese activity are key factors in the animal detoxification of cyanogenic glycosides, as they are capable of transforming CN into the less toxic thiocyanate. T...

Cyanogenic glycosides in forage species and the possibility of cyanide (CN) poisoning can have undesirable effects on ruminants. The literature estimates that unknown rumen bacteria with rhodanese activity are key factors in the animal detoxification of cyanogenic glycosides, as they are capable of transforming CN into the less toxic thiocyanate. T...

Recent advancements in specific strain of probiotics have shown promising trends and applications in both ruminant and non-ruminant animal health. This study emphasizes the importance of tailored probiotics for these animal categories, discussing their potential benefits in improving nutrient utilization, growth performance, and disease management....

Objective: Replacing soybean meal (SBM) with cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal pellets (CMP) in concentrate diets was investigated for feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in Thai native beef cattle. Methods: Four male beef cattle were randomly assigned treatments using a 4×4 Latin square design, with four treat...

The aim of the previous research was to evaluate the effects of Brazilian spinach pellet (BSP) supplementation and dietary ratios on rumen characteristics, methane estimation, and milk production in dairy cows. Four crossbred Thai dairy cattle, with Holstein Friesian (HF) cows with a body weight of 442 ± 50 kg were assessed in a 2 × 2 factorial in...

This study aimed to study the effect of excessive elemental sulfur addition on intake, digestibility, rumen characteristics, blood metabolites and nitrogen balance in Thai native beef cattle fed diets containing high fresh cassava root (FCR) supplementation. Four Thai native beef cattle with an initial body weight (BW) of 100 ± 10.0 kg were used an...

Simple Summary The supplementation of direct-feed microorganisms (DFM) that are commonly used in ruminants. The main types of DFM used in ruminant studies include yeast, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), etc. However, the interaction and subsequent results of mixed microbes such as yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and other microbes in ruminants have not bee...

Simple Summary The use of agro-industrial by-products as ruminant feed will lower the production costs and improve livestock profitability. Cassava peel is a major by-product of processing cassava roots for food, starch, and animal feed. The abundant fiber and low crude protein in cassava peel present a nutritional challenge. The goal of this study...

Yaks play an important role in the livelihood of the people of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and contribute significantly to the economy of the different countries in the region. Yaks are commonly raised at high altitudes of ~ 3,000–5,400 m above sea level. They provide many important products, namely, milk, meat, fur, and manure, as well as soci...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of rubber seed kernel heat processing on in vitro rumen biohydrogenation of fatty acids and fermentation. The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design (CRD). The inclusion of RSK at 0% (CON) and 20% with different processing methods as follows: Raw rubber seed kernel (RAWR), roasted...

Simple Summary Indigo waste is a by-product of the processing of natural indigo dye. Indigo waste could be utilized as a protein source in ruminant rations, which would reduce the cost of feed. We evaluated the effects of the inclusion of indigo waste in concentrate diets on the feed utilization, rumen fermentation, hematology, immune function and...

The purpose of the present investigation was to detect the effect of replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with citric waste fermented yeast waste (CWYW) as an alternative protein source of portentous substances in a concentrate mixture diet of beef cattle on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, plasma urea-nitrogen, energy partitioning, and ni...

The development of functional food products is increasingly gaining lots of interest and popularity among stakeholders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioaccessibility of three Lactobacillus sp. starter cultures, including Lacticaseibacillus casei KKU-KK1, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus KKU-KK2, and Lactobacillus acidophilus KKU-KK3, in or...

Simple Summary The leaves of Mitragyna speciosa Korth contain phytogenic compounds, including total phenolics, flavonoids and mitragynine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaf pellets (MSLP) on feed intake and nutrient digestibility in Thai native beef cattle. The findings suggest that supplementa...

The study examined the effects of insect various species such as those of Hermetia illucens, Tenebrio monitor , and Bombyx mori which have long been practiced in combination with medicinal plants and are an important alternative to modern medicine in many parts of the world. The current use of traditional pesticides since about 2010 and the charact...

The objective of the research was to investigate the bioactive compounds of herbal plant leaves by microencapsulation technique for future application as a feed additive. In this experiment, three herbal plant leaves, namely Cannabis sativa L., Cannabis indica L., and Mitragyna speiosa K., were comparatively investigated using different methods to...

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing rice bran with mao pomace meal on feed intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation in beef cattle. Four crossbred (50% Brahman × 50% Thai native) beef cattle with an initial body weight of 195 ± 13 kg and 16 months of age were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The dietary tr...

The slow progress in the development of the subsector, particularly of alternative feed sources such as agro-industrial byproducts and unconventional feed resources, has deepened the gap in the availability of and accessibility to animal feed. Production of animal feed is highly resource demanding. Recently, it has been shown that increasing climat...

This work aimed to examine the effects of binding proteins from Gryllus bimaculatus with Sesbania grandiflora phytonutrient on gas dynamics, in vitro digestibility, and ruminal fermentation characteristics. For rumen fluid sources, two dairy bulls with permanent cannulas were used as donors. G. bimaculatus and S. grandiflora powder were combined in...

The purpose of this study was to see how substituting cassava pulp fermented yeast waste (CSYW) for soybean meal (SBM) in a concentrate affected feed intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation in Thai native beef cattle. In this study, four male Thai native beef cattle with an average age of 15.0 ± 25.0 months and body weights of 140 ± 5.0 kg we...

Simple Summary Hydrolyzed yeast consists of β-glucans, mannan-oligosaccharides, nucleotides, peptides, amino acids, and other compounds. It is a potential source of prebiotics for alternative antibiotics in ruminants. The aim of this study was to determine the different levels of hydrolyzed yeast supplementation on feed utilization, rumen fermentat...

The purpose of this field study was to compare the effects of top-dressing tropical lactating cows with soybean meal (SBM) or citric waste fermented yeast waste (CWYW) on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, purine derivatives, milk production, and economic return. Sixteen mid-lactation Thai crossbreeds, Holstein Friesian...

Simple Summary To improve the grade of beef marbling has great economic value in the cattle industry since marbling has the traits of high quality and comprehensive nutrition. This experiment studied the relationship between fecal metabolites and marbling characters, and further screened biomarkers (including ADP, SM(d18:0/16:1(9Z)), PC(15:0/18:2(9...

Simple Summary The manipulation of ruminal ecology and fermentation to improve feed efficiency and reduce nitrogen excretion in ruminants is a pertinent goal for animal nutritionists. The fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. are a rich source of phytonutrient compounds, which are attractive as rumen modifiers since these compounds are natural substan...

The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of yeast-fermented rubber seed kernels (YERSEK) on the feed intake, hematology, microbial protein synthesis, milk yield, and milk composition in dairy cows. Six crossbred Holstein Friesian (HF) × Thai lactating dairy cows with 110 ± 10 days in milk were randomly assigned to three differe...

Background Cryptosporidium spp. is recognized as an opportunistic zoonotic parasite that infects humans as well as wild and domestic animals. This enteric protozoan is a major cause of diarrhea in humans and animals and often result in death due to severe dehydration. The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence, identification of v...

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of nitrate, chitosan extract or shrimp shell meal on in vitro degradability and gas production kinetics. The study was arranged in a 2 × 7 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD). Factor A was two ratios of roughage (R) to concentrate (C) ratio, R:C ratios at 60:40...

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been used to improve the nutritive value of feedstuffs, especially rubber seed kernel. In the current study, rubber seed kernel was grated and subjected to solid-state fermentation with yeast to enhance the nutritive value. The yeast-fermented rubber seed kernel (YERSEK) was substituted for soybean meal in rumin...

The objective of this experiment was to assess the effects of chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) fruit peel pellet (CRP) supplementation on rumen fermentation, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance in crossbred beef cattle. Four beef cattle crossbred bulls (Brahman 75% × Thai native 25%)...

The purpose of this study was to determine how ruminal Crabtree-negative yeast affects the nutritional characteristics of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) tubers (WBT), in vitro gas and digestibility, and rumen fermentation. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete design with a 5 × 2 (+1) factorial arrangement. Factor A det...

Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Mill. Johnston) is a fodder shrub that contains flavonoid compounds and uses as feeds, medicine and food, respectively. This study examined the effects of Chaya leaf pellet (CHYP) supplementation on nutrient digestibilities, feed intake, rumen fermentation, milk yield and milk compositions. Four lactating crossbred...

We investigated effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) during a heat stress (HS) challenge on: 1) hepatic abundance of mTOR, insulin, and antioxidant signaling proteins, 2) enzymes in 1-carbon metabolism and 3) innate immunity. Holstein cows (n = 32; 184 ± 59 DIM) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 environmental groups, and 1 of 2 diets [TMR with RPM (...

This study aimed to determine the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) by red yeast fermented tofu waste (RYFTO) on feed intake, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in Brahman crossbred beef cattle. A total of 12 cattle (1.5–2 years old and 275.0 ± 6.1 kg of initial body weight) were randomly allotted to three dietary tr...

The search for alternative modifiers of rumen fermentation to improve the production efficiency of livestock production is highly essential. This in vitro fermentation experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement of two ratios of roughage to concentrate and seven levels of red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) leaf powder (RALP) as a perc...

BACKGROUND The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of bamboo grass (Tiliacora triandra, Diels) pellet (BP) containing phytonutrients on rumen fermentation under various level of roughage (R) to concentrate (C) ratios. The experimental treatments were randomly assigned following a completely randomized design using a 3 × 5 factoria...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of linseed supplementation on milk yield and quality, serum biochemistry and, in particular, to evaluate its possible effects on the production of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) in the milk of Cilentana grazing goats. Twelve pregnant Cilentana dairy goats were divided into two gr...

Abstract The experiment objective was to assess the shifting effect from cassava chip (CC) to fresh cassava root (FC) affected feed utilization, rumen metabolism, cyanide-using bacteria, and milk quality in lactating Thai Friesian dairy cows fed diets based on high sulfur-containing pellet (PS). Four lactating Thai Friesian dairy cows of 481.5 ± 31...

Rumen bypass protein can enhance protein availability in the lower gut. This study investigated the use of liquid-containing phytonutrients in dairy cows as a dietary additives to reduce rumen protein degradation. Four crossbred lactating Holstein Friesian cows (75% Holstein Friesian with 25% Thai native breed) with an initial body weight (BW) of 4...

The aim of this work was to conduct the effects of cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal (CM) as a protein supplement on in vitro gas production, rumen fermentation, and methane (CH4) mitigation. Dietary treatments were randomly assigned using a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement. The first factor was two ratios of r...

The aim of the present investigation is to determine the nutritional composition of various insects and their potential uses as alternative protein sources in animal diets. The feeding industry is to develop a production system that uses accessible resources, such as feed resources, and concentrate on their potential impacts on production yield and...

The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) adding and roughage-to-concentrate ratio (R:C ratio) on nutrients utilization, rumen fermentation efficiency, microbial protein synthesis, and protozoal population in Thai native beef cattle. Four Thai native beef cattle, weighing an average of 120 ± 10...

The objective of the research was to evaluate the different levels of Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaves powder (MSLP) added to rations with 60:40 or 40:60 roughage to a concentrate (R:C ratio) on in vitro nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, microbial population, and methane (CH4) production. The treatments were arranged accord...

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of inclusion of dragon fruit peel pellet (DFPP) and dietary non-protein nitrogen (NPN) on nutrients digestibility, rumen fermentation efficiency, plasma antioxidant activity, microbial protein synthesis, milk yield and composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows. Four ani...

The effect of dry yeast (DY) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation in a high-concentrate diet was evaluated for rumen fermentation, blood parameters, microbial populations, and growth performance in fattening steers. Sixteen crossbred steers (Charolais x American Brahman) at 375 ± 25 kg live weight were divided into four groups that received D...

Commonly, the life span of the cricket is very short, reaching from 60 to 70 days and the average egg production lies within the range of 200–1,500 eggs/female. The female can mate with many males and can produce more fertile eggs. The body composition of an adult cricket on analysis showed that it contains dry matter 33.30%, crude protein 63.30%,...

Cassava ( Manihot esculenta, Crantz ) is an important root crop in tropical climates for both human consumption and animal feed as a source of energy (ME, R 12.2 MJ/kg). Cassava produces high yields of dry matter and therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of including cassava as a source of energy replacing to corn on intake, r...

Providing high levels of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) in ruminant diets tends to change fermentation lowering rumen pH and reduce milk fat content. Balancing readily available N and energy-yielding carbohydrate may enhance microbial growth rate, alter fermentation and fibre digestion in the rumen, which subsequently may have an impact on nutrie...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of fibrolytic enzyme on nutrient utilization and milk production in dairy cows. Four multiparous early-to-mid-lactation Holstein–Friesian crossbred cows were randomly allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Cows were fed a balanced total mixed ration (TMR) on a dry matter (DM)...