Mercedes Olaya-C

Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Hospital Universitario San Ignacio

Cervical cancer continues to be a matter of significant concern, worldwide. Research has provided broad understanding on cervical cancer and its relation to infection through HPV (human papilloma virus), on HPV behavior in the cervix, and on the effects of HPV upon the general population. However, HPV behavior in men, as well as the role, that men...

Children born to women with hypertension during pregnancy have a two to threefold increased risk of developing cognitive disorders compared to children born to women without hypertension. However, structural changes in the central nervous system of these children remain poorly understood. We aim to compare the brain histological findings from autop...

Background Children born to women with hypertension during pregnancy have a two to threefold increased risk of developing cognitive disorders compared to children born to women without hypertension. However, structural changes in the central nervous system of these children remain poorly understood. We aim to compare the brain histological findings...

Background: Exposure to toxins during pregnancy is the main modifiable behavior that affects the placenta and, consequently, the fetus. In particular, smoking is a recognized risk factor for negative outcomes. Our study pretended to examine gross and microscopic placental features in women who reported exposure to tobacco, alcohol, or other psycho...

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been described as bone marrow stromal cells, which can form cartilage, bone or hematopoietic supportive stroma. In 2006, the International Society for Cell Therapy (ISCT) established a set of minimal characteristics to define MSCs. According to their criteria, these cells must express CD73, CD90 and...

Introduction Chromosome abnormalities are an important cause of fetal and perinatal deaths. Molecular testing can be a useful tool in preconception counseling in selected families. However, such testing is neither routine nor mandatory at many healthcare centers; a number of factors can contribute to the lack of genetic and chromosome diagnoses. M...

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy continue to pose the most important risks for adverse maternal and neonatal outcome. Among histological findings, decidual artery disease is one of the most common, one that has both good reproducibility among observers and whose abnormal vascular remodeling is the sole aspect of preeclampsia pathop...

La corioamnionitis se ha relacionados con desenlaces desfavorables en el período prenatal y neonatal (abortos, parto pretérmino, sepsis neonatal, entre otros), además de implicaciones a largo plazo en la infancia, tales como alteraciones en el coeficiente intelectual. Por esta razón es de vital importancia el diagnóstico histopatológico oportuno. E...

Introduction: Laryngeal clefts (LC) are upper respiratory malformations predominately found in the posterior laryngeal wall. The frequency is 1:10,000, more frequently affect males, and can be syndromic features. There is no report of a transfixing anterior laryngeal cleft. Case report: This diabetic mother at full-term pregnancy delivered a stillb...

Introduction: Chorioamnionitis and funisitis produce high impact maternal, fetal and neonatal repercussions; intra-amniotic infections are present in 40-70% of preterm deliveries; additionally, intrauterine infections trigger systemic inflammatory conditions in 50% of exposed fetuses. On the contrary, maternal symptoms register low sensitivity for...

Introduction: Congenital soft tissue tumors are uncommon; proper diagnosis calls for histo-pathological experience and ancillary techniques based upon immunohistochemial, cytogenetic, and molecular biology. Following excision, intermediately aggressive soft tumors tend to local recurrence, which significantly impacts prognosis; some cases occur clo...

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAT) in breast cancer (BC) has been used to reduce tumor burden prior to surgery. However, the impact on prognosis depends on the establishment of Pathological Complete Response (pCR), which is influenced by tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte levels and the activation of the antitumor immune response. Nonetheless, NAT can affec...

Gestational trophoblastic disease comprises a spectrum of proliferative trophoblastic disorders related to pregnancy, some of them premalignant (such as complete and partial hydatidiform moles), exaggerated placentation site, and placental nodule. Other entities are considered malignant lesions as gestational trophoblastic neoplasms: invasive mole,...

BACKGROUND: Hairy cell leukemia is a lymphoproliferative neoplasm of mature B cells, which can infiltrate the bone marrow or spleen. It represents 2% of lymphoid leukemias and initial clinical laboratory results range from cytopenias to pancytopenia. Morphological analysis and typical pattern of bone marrow infiltration and immunophenotypic profile...

BACKGROUND: Hairy cell leukemia is a lymphoproliferative neoplasm of mature B-cells, which can infiltrate the bone marrow or spleen. It represents 2% of lymphoid leukemias and initial clinical laboratory results range from cytopenias to pancytopenia. Morphological analysis and typical pattern of bone marrow infiltration and immunophenotypic profile...

Chorioangioma is the most commonly occurring vascular, non-malignant placental tumor in pregnancy, with a reported incidence of 1% in all examined placentas. Nonetheless, real tumor incidence remains unknown because of small specimen sizes, which contributes to a lack of detection throughout the entire gestational period. Prenatal detection and dia...

Objective. Reports of heterotopic tissue in the placenta are few and mainly include liver and adrenal cells. We report on adipose tissue found in the placenta. Case report. We present the case of a microscopic finding in a 25-year-old’s placenta who suffered from hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. During routine microscopic study, we observed a he...

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAT) in breast cancer (BC) has been used to reduce tumor burden prior to surgery. However, the impact on prognosis depends on the establishment of Pathological Complete Response (pCR), which is influenced by tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte levels and the activation of the antitumor immune response. Nonetheless, NAT can affec...

Introduction: Few studies exist that research the association between umbilical cord characteristics with cardiac malformations. In this study, we describe a population of newborns with congenital heart defects (CHD) and the frequency of presentation of umbilical cord (UC) alterations, based upon the hypothesis that the continuity of the cardio-pl...

Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder that affects 2–8% of pregnancies and is one of the main causes of fetal, neonatal, and maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although PE etiology and pathophysiology remain unknown, there is evidence that the hyperactivation of maternal immunity cells against placental cells triggers trophoblast ce...

The work of Santiago Ramón y Cajal has been widely commented in biographies and scientific articles. This text seeks to provide historiographical information on a facsimile illustration donated to the National Academy of Medicine of Colombia, currently on display in its permanent collections at the Museum of the History of Medicine in Bogotá. For t...

La obra de Santiago Ramón y Cajal ha sido ampliamente comentada en biografías y artículos científicos. El presente texto busca aportar información historiográfica sobre una ilustración facsimilar donada a la Academia Nacional de Medicina de Colombia, que se encuentra expuesta en su Museo de la Historia de la Medicina en Bogotá. Para el efecto, se r...

El delito sexual sigue siendo una problemática frecuente en nuestro medio. Los médicos de todos los niveles de atención deben estar preparados para la mejor atención a las víctimas y además para la recolección del material probatorio requerido por la justicia. Se expone el planteamiento y desarrollo del “Taller de delito sexual” como experiencia pe...

The placenta can be affected by environmental factors, such as exposure to cigarette smoke. This exposure in the fetal context is considered a risk factor for the development of short-term postnatal diseases, such as asthma. Asthma is an inflammatory disease characterized by predominant acquisition of CD4 T lymphocytes (TLs) of the Th2 type. Transc...

The placenta can be affected by environmental factors, such as exposure to cigarette smoke. This exposure in the fetal context is considered a risk factor for the development of short-term postnatal diseases, such as asthma. Asthma is an inflammatory disease characterized by predominant acquisition of CD4 T lymphocytes (TLs) of the Th2 type. Transc...

Las cardiopatías congénitas son alteraciones de la forma y la función del corazón y corresponden a la segunda anomalía congénita más frecuente en el mundo. En Colombia, se registra una prevalencia de 15,7 por 10000 recién nacidos con predominio masculino, y con una mortalidad prenatal de 2,7%, y posnatal del 2,5% durante el primer año de vida. Repo...

Aim: To analyze the differential genetic expression and protein localization of thrombomodulin (THBD) and tissue factor (F3) in the placentas of pregnancies affected by preeclampsia. Methods: We assessed the expression of THBD and F3 by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in placentas from 20 PE cases: 10 early-ons...

Objetive: To determine the expressions of the bone surface marker CD44 in samples of alveolar bone previously regenerated with allograft, xenograft, and mixed, using the technique of guided bone regeneration. Material and Methods: This exploratory study was approved by the institutional research and ethics committee. By means of intentional samplin...

VACTERL association (OMIM 192350) is a heterogeneous clinical condition characterized by congenital structural defects that include at least 3 of the following features: verte-bral abnormalities, anal atresia, heart defects, tracheoesoph-ageal fistula, renal malformations, and limb defects. The nonrandom occurrence of these malformations and some f...

After undergoing remodeling, uterine spiral arteries turn into wide, flexible tubes, with low resistance. If remodeling does not occur, spontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth restriction, and pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders can ensue. Arterial transformation begins at a very early gestational stage; however, second quarter pregnancy hi...

In Latin America and the Caribbean, hypertensive pregnancy disorders are responsible for almost 26% of all maternal deaths [1] and, in Colombia, they account for 59% of all severe maternal morbidity (SMM) cases, and 59.7% of all SMM cases in adolescents [2]. One of the most important hypertensive pregnancy disorders is preeclampsia (PE). Lives can...

The umbilical cord suspends the fetus within the amniotic cavity, where fetal dynamics is one of its many functions. Hence, the umbilical cord is a viable index in determining fetal activity. Fetal movements result in mechanical loads that are fundamental for fetal growth. At present, mechanical environment during early human fetal development is s...

IntroductionNumerous studies have revealed the impact of umbilical cord (UC) length on fetal perfusion; abundant data implicate abnormal UC length to neurological delay and subsequent poor prognoses for fetuses and newborns. Indeed, our group previously developed theoretical approximations that contributed to formulas capable of explaining the impa...

Background Umbilical cord (UC) abnormalities are related to neurological outcome and death; specific molecular factors that might be involved are, as yet, unknown; however, protein-coding genes insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) have been identified as potential candidates. Methods An analytical o...

Immunohistochemical Protein Expression Profiling of Smoking Women’s Placentas. Mercedes Olaya-C∗,1 Litzy Gisella Bermudez†,2 Ithzayana Madariaga†,2 Maria Isabel Zuñiga†,1 Alejandra Canas∗,1 Olga Maria Niño†,1 Adriana Patricia Rojas∗.2 1Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota DC, Colombia; 2Pontificia Universidad...

Objective: Apply in a pilot study tests that show the deregulation of the cell cycle and therefore the progression to cancer, as is the case of the studies with p16 and ki-67; as a complement in the study of the evolution of the lesions reported as squamous atypia (ASC-US, LSIL, and HSIL) in cytological outlines. Methods: An observational analytic...

Background Congenital tumors, including mesenchymal rhabdomyoma, are highly infrequent. The combination of a congenital tumor and rhabdomyoma is rarer yet, even more so when primary origin is in the heart. Case presentation We present a case of fetal hydrops fetalis, wherein the post-mortem exam revealed a cardiac tumor more than twice the size of...

Histoplasmosis is a fungal disease usually occurring in endemic areas that can affect immuno-impaired patients in whom pulmonary involvement is the rule. We present the case of an 18 year-old immunocompetent, male patient, resident of the State of Florida, who showed signs of mononucleosis syndrome that included odynophagia, cervical adenomegaly, s...

Hepatic organogenesis is a complex process involving various molecular and cellular determinants. Knowledge of the anatomical and functional structure of the liver and its relationship with other abdominal organs is fundamental from a surgical point of view. Clinical autopsies were performed upon twelve fetal specimens. Photographic foot-age was re...

ESTUDIO EPIDEMIOLOGICO DE LA PREECLAMPSIA EN UN HOSPITAL DE ALTA COMPLEJIDAD EN BOGOTA

Introduction: Chromosomal disorders cause a high mortality in the fetal and perinatal age group; however, cytogenetic or molecular studies are not routinely performed in our setting. Methods: Study where the morphology of patients subjected to perinatal autopsy in the HUSI during 2012 and 2013, with the diagnostic impression of chromosomal disorder...

Este estudio debe citarse como Olaya CM, Barragán-Osorio P, Giraldo G, Castro J, y col. Malformaciones menores y otras anormalidades mor-fológicas en serie de necropsias fetales y perinatales en Bogotá. Patología Rev Latinoam. 2019;57: https://doi.org /10.24245/patrl. v57id.2932 Recibido: febrero 2019 Aceptado: mayo 2019 Resumen OBJETIVO: Revisar l...

Introduction The VEGF family has been identified as abnormal in preeclampsia (PE). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are major contributors to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide; likewise, umbilical cord anatomical abnormalities (UCAA) are linked to poor neonatal outcomes. Based on the relationship described between PE...

Introduction: The umbilical cord (UC) is a vital structure; its alterations affect the newborn and neurological impact can be permanent. Paradoxically, factors that determine it remain unknown. We explore the differential VEGF protein expression in the UC's proximal and distal portions in relation to the hypothesis that the UC has differential gro...

Introduction: Umbilical cord (UC) abnormalities and their clinical relations in 434 newborns were analyzed. We had previously reported on clinical associations of long and short UCs with any kind of malformation. This study focuses on other UC features (insertion, vessels, entanglements, coiling, and knots) and their associations with clinical char...

Introducción: Durante el examen de pediatría, genética, ecográfico o de anatomía patológica de fetos de gestaciones gemelares, suelen aparecer interrogantes en el diagnóstico diferencial, especialmente cuando los casos se asocian con maceración, malformaciones o duplicación de estructuras. Objetivo: Proponer un algoritmo para el enfoque de la auto...

La asociación VACTERL-H es una condición clínica heterogénea caracterizada por la asociación de malformaciones congénitas (MC) multisistémicas: anomalías vertebrales, cardiacas, renales, atresia anal, fístula traqueoesofágica con o sin atresia esofágica, y defectos en miembros1,2. La prevalencia se estima en 1 de cada 7000 a 40000 individuos En Col...

Alrededor del 15% de los embarazos clínicamente reconocibles, resulta en una perdida espontánea. Las causas son genéticas, anatómicas, infecciosas, inmunológicas, endocrinológicas y ocupacionales. La genética explica hasta dos tercios de los abortos espontáneos, m i e n t r a s q u e a l a s a n e u p l o d í a s autosómicas, se les atribuye hasta...

Fetal hepatic calcifications can be caused by infections, chromosomal disorders, thrombotic events, ischemic hepatic necrosis and subcapsular hematomas among others events. Its features and clinical significance are still not well known. We performed an observational study to describe fetal hepatic calcifications and its association with main clini...

Introduction: Preeclampsia has a global frequency of 2-8% and a frequency of 10% in developing countries. In Colombia, preeclampsia causes 42% of maternal mortality. Alterations in placental homeostasis have been proposed to be involved in its pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to compare mRNA and protein levels of tissue factor (F3) and t...

Introduction: Preeclampsia is associated with abnormalities in the umbilical cord in several ways: morphological, biochemical and functional. Alteration in blood vessels of the placenta, decidua and circulatory system of the fetus might be related to factors that cause preeclampsia and may be associated with alterations of the umbilical cord. Obj...

Introduction: Umbilical cord is vital to fetal development and its alterations are related to fetal and neonatal deaths and to late neurological complications. Abnormal cord length has been recognized as the most important cord feature leading to unfavorable outcomes. We aimed to examine the relationship between fetal abnormalities and the length...

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the expression levels of cystathionine β-synthase and histopathological observations from placentas of infants with Down syndrome and healthy newborns. Materials and methods: Six placentas of fetuses/infants with Down syndrome and sixteen placentas of healthy fetuses were studied. Cystathionine β-s...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a persistent virus with oncogenic capacity that has been implicated in the development of aggressive B-cell lymphomas, primarily in immunosuppressed individuals, although it can be present in immunocompetent individuals. Changes in the function and clonal diversity of T lymphocytes might be implied by viral persistence a...

Introduction: Umbilical cord (UC) alterations are related to fetal and neonatal deaths and late neurological complications. Abnormal UC length has been recognized as the most significant abnormality linked to unfavorable outcomes. Despite its importance, causal factors resulting in abnormally long or short UCs have yet to be established. The factor...

Artículo de reflexión RESUMEN Introducción: el cordón umbilical es una estruc-tura incomprendida a pesar de transportar todo lo que un feto necesita para crecer y subsistir. Cada una de sus características es relevante, y la principal es la longitud, la cual, cuando está alterada, se relaciona con pobre pronóstico neurológico y muerte fetal. Materi...

Introducción: el cordón umbilical es una estructura incomprendida a pesar de transportar todo lo que un feto necesita para crecer y subsistir. Cada una de sus características es relevante, y la principal es la longitud, la cual, cuando está alterada, se relaciona con pobre pronóstico neurológico y muerte fetal. Materiales y métodos: con base en la...

Introduction: Despite its role of transporting all the things that a foetus needs to grow and survive, the umbilical cord is still poorly understood. All of its characteristics are relevant, and paramount among them is its length. When abnormal, length is associated with poor neurological prognosis and foetal demise. Materials and methods: Based on...

Umbilical cord (UC) alterations are involved in fetal and neonatal complications, and even deaths. Abnormal length has been recognized as the most important UC feature linked to unfavorable results. However, how can the UC be accurately measured in cases in which there is an overriding need for intravenous intervention, urgent lab samples or segmen...

Objective: to determine HR-HPV DNA detection using the Cobas® PCR automated method in cervix samples collected among women of Proboquilla, Cartagena, Colombia. Methods: case series based on conventional cytology and second samples, in a vial, through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for HR-HPV DNA detection, among women who attended the camp...

Objetivo: determinar ADN-HPV-HR por método automatizado PCR (cobas®) en muestras cervicouterinas de una población en Proboquilla, Cartagena, Colombia. Métodos: serie de casos de mujeres que asistieron a la campaña donde se tomó citología convencional y una segunda muestra en un vial para determinar DNA del HPV-HR mediante la reacción en cadena de l...

Olaya et al. Diagnóstico diferencial en lesiones congénitas de la pared toracoabdominal fetal y neonatal Diagnóstico diferencial en lesiones congénitas de la pared toracoabdominal fetal y neonatal Mercedes Olaya cOntreras 1 , JOsé luis rOdríguez 2 , gustavO giraldO 3 , tatiana Pineda 3 , ana Janeth salazar 2 , JOrge andrés FrancO 4 1

Objetivo: determinar mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) la infección por el virus del papiloma humano de alto riesgo (DNA-HPV-H) y la presencia de cambio morfológico con atipia en la citología de mujeres que laboran en un hospital y un ente educativo. Métodos: serie de casos de muestras cérvico uterinas con citologías convencional y...

Introduction: Analysis was carried out on cases of fetal and perinatal mortality from 2007-2011, on fetuses and newborns in the Pathology Department at San Ignacio University Hospital (HUSI), in Bogota. Typical characteristics of the umbilical cord, their abnormalities and clinical outcomes were studied. Methods: A prospective study was performed f...

Contreras. Lo que las placentas dicen pero nadie quiere escuchar ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL Lo que las placentas dicen pero nadie quiere escuchar Mercedes Olaya cOntreras 1 Resumen Introducción: La placenta tiene la misma información genética que el feto; dentro del útero hace la labor de varios de sus órganos y guarda información sobre la vasculatura de la...

Abstract Craniofacial duplication is a twin pregnancy defect; particularly in monozygotic, monochorionic and monoamniotic pregnancies. Of all twin pregnancy complications, the least frequent is a fetus with craniofacial duplication (diprosopus). In this article we report a case with this condition, and we review the literature on this rarest of hum...