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July 2016 - July 2017
Publications
Publications (121)
The purpose of this study is to examine and interpret machine learning models that predict dry eye (DE)-related clinical signs, subjective symptoms, and clinician diagnoses by heavily weighting lifestyle factors in the predictions. Machine learning models were trained to take clinical assessments of the ocular surface, eyelids, and tear film, combi...
SIGNIFICANCE
This study examines a potential stress test of repeated blink refrainment and its effects on the interblink period and the rate of evaporative ocular surface cooling. Such a test could aid in the study of computer vision syndrome, in which screen users unconsciously delay blinking, leading to onset of symptoms.
PURPOSE
This study aime...
Accurate diagnosis of ocular surface diseases is critical in optometry and ophthalmology, which hinge on integrating clinical data sources (e.g., meibography imaging and clinical metadata). Traditional human assessments lack precision in quantifying clinical observations, while current machine-based methods often treat diagnoses as multi-class clas...
Purpose
We determined interblink corneal surface-temperature decline and tear-film evaporation rates of localized tear breakup cold regions (LCRs) and localized tear unbroken warm regions (LWRs) of the corneal surface, as well as that of the overall average corneal surface.
Methods
Each subject underwent 4 inter-day visits where the interblink cor...
Purpose
To use artificial intelligence to identify relationships between morphological characteristics of the Meibomian glands (MGs), subject factors, clinical outcomes, and subjective symptoms of dry eye.
Methods
A total of 562 infrared meibography images were collected from 363 subjects (170 contact lens wearers, 193 non-wearers). Subjects were...
Purpose
To examine and interpret machine learning models that predict dry eye (DE)-related clinical signs, subjective symptoms, and clinician diagnoses by heavily weighting lifestyle factors in the predictions.
Methods
Machine learning models were trained to take clinical assessments of the ocular surface, eyelids, and tear film, combined with sym...
Purpose
This study enhances Meibomian gland (MG) infrared image analysis in dry eye (DE) research through artificial intelligence (AI). It is comprised of two main stages: automated eyelid detection and tarsal plate segmentation to standardize meibography image analysis. The goal is to address limitations of existing assessment methods, bridge the...
Objective:
To evaluate the effects of scleral lens size and the duration of wear on intraocular pressure (IOP) during lens wear.
Methods:
Healthy adults were recruited for this prospective and randomized study. Intraocular pressure measurements were performed using a pneumotonometer. A block randomization was used to assign the order of scleral...
Purpose:
With soft-contact-lens wear, evaporation of the pre-lens tear film affects the osmolarity of the post-lens tear film and this can introduce a hyperosmotic environment at the corneal epithelium, leading to discomfort. The purposes of the study are to ascertain whether there are differences in evaporation flux (i.e., the evaporation rate pe...
Dry Eye Disease (DED) is one of the most common ocular diseases: over five percent of US adults suffer from DED. Tear film instability is a known factor for DED, and is thought to be regulated in large part by the thin lipid layer that covers and stabilizes the tear film. In order to aid eye related disease diagnosis, this work proposes a novel par...
This study introduces a deep learning approach to predicting demographic features from meibography images. A total of 689 meibography images with corresponding subject demographic data were used to develop a deep learning model for predicting gland morphology and demographics from images. The model achieved on average 77%, 76%, and 86% accuracies f...
Significance:
Our analysis shows that post-lens tear-film (PoLTF) hyperosmolarity is not preventable with midday removal and reinsertion of soft contact lenses. However, low lens-salt diffusivity can prevent the PoLTF from becoming hyperosmotic. Lens-salt diffusivity should be lowered to minimize PoLTF osmolarity while also avoiding lens adhesion....
Purpose
To determine whether localized hyperosmotic spikes on the pre-lens tear film (PrLTF) due to tear break up results in hyperosmotic spikes on the ocular surface during soft-contact-lens (SCL) wear and whether wear of SCLs can protect the cornea against PrLTF osmotic spikes.
Methods
Two-dimensional transient diffusion of salt was incorporated...
Hypothesis
Biophysical property and water evaporation retardation through a lipid nanofilm can be altered by model tear protein and topical ophthalmic formulation.
Experiment
Evaporation rate and dynamic surface pressure were measured using a sessile drop technique. Water evaporations from 5 individual protein solutions, their mixture, and 6 ophth...
Hyperosmotic tear stimulates human corneal nerve endings, activates ocular immune response, and elicits dry-eye symptoms. A soft contact lens (SCL) covers the cornea preventing it from experiencing direct tear evaporation and the resulting blink-periodic salinity increases. For the cornea to experience hyperosmolarity due to tear evaporation, salt...
Significance:
Quantifying meibomian gland morphology from meibography images is used for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of meibomian gland dysfunction in clinics. A novel and automated method is described for quantifying meibomian gland morphology from meibography images.
Purpose:
Meibomian gland morphological abnormality is a common c...
The surface of the human eye is covered with a protective tear film that refreshes with each blink. Natural blinking occurs involuntarily, but one can also voluntarily blink or refrain from blinking. The maximum time one can refrain from blinking until the onset of discomfort is the maximum interblink period (MIBP). During the interblink period the...
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare objective, noninvasive assessments of tear function using the OCULUS Keratograph with the corresponding clinical assessments [tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer test, and bulbar erythema] among patients with moderate-to-severe dry eye disease.
Methods:
Participants in the Dry Eye Assessment and...
Purpose
To examine the relationship between pre-corneal and pre-contact lens tear film stability (TFS), and to determine whether pre-corneal TFS is a reliable predictor of subsequent pre-lens TFS after a contact lens is placed on the eye.
Methods
667 records met inclusion criteria and were extracted from a soft contact lens multi-study database. M...
The surface of the human eye is covered with a protective tear film that refreshes with each blink. Natural blinking occurs involuntarily, but one can also voluntarily blink or refrain from blinking. The maximum time one can refrain from blinking until the onset of discomfort is the maximum inter-blink period (MIBP). In between blinks the tear film...
Purpose
With active investigation underway for embedded-circuit contact lenses, safe oxygen supply of these novel lenses remains a question. Central-to-peripheral corneal edema for healthy eyes during wear of soft contact (SCL) and scleral lenses (SL) with embedding components is assessed.
Methods
Various 2-dimensional (2D) designs of SL and SCL w...
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to develop an unsupervised feature learning approach that automatically measures Meibomian gland (MG) atrophy severity from meibography images and discovers subtle relationships between meibography images according to visual similarity.
Methods:
One of the latest unsupervised learning approaches is to apply...
Significance:
Lipid deficiency due to meibomian gland (MG) dysfunction is believed to account for the vast majority of patients with dry eye compared with aqueous deficiency. Clinicians commonly evaluate MG length to determine a disease, but our research with isotretinoin users suggests that MG contrast is also an important characteristic to consi...
A novel methodology for assessing evaporation (up to 48 h) through lipid-nanofilms in vitro was developed. The influence of lipid-mixture compositions on evaporation rates was studied. The evaporative fluxes and rheology of lipid-nanofilms were compared with those of human tear-lipid nanofilms in vitro.A sessile-drop technique with precise drop-vol...
Significance:
This study evaluated the effects scleral lens wear has on corneal health using fluorometry and in vivo confocal microscopy. No subclinical changes on healthy corneas of young subjects were observed during 3 months of scleral lens wear.
Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate the effects 3 months of scleral lens wear has on the cornea...
Purpose:
To assess the influence of limbal metabolic support on corneal edema during scleral-lens (SL) and soft-contact-lens (SCL) wear for healthy lens wearers.
Methods:
A two-dimensional (2D) model of the cornea and sclera was designed on Comsol Multiphysics 5.4 along with SL and SCL architectures to mimic lens-wear induced hypoxia. The cornea...
Homeostasis of the lacrimal functional unit is needed to ensure a well-regulated ocular immune response comprising innate and adaptive phases. When the ocular immune system is excessively stimulated and/or immunoregulatory mechanisms are disrupted, the balance between innate and adaptive phases is dysregulated and chronic ocular surface inflammatio...
Purpose:
To report a diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) cluster attributed to autoclave reservoir biofilm and to review the risk and prevention of DLK and toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) caused by such biofilmsSETTING: Refractive Surgery Center, University of California, BerkeleyDESIGN: Observational case control study and review of literatur...
Purpose:
Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation is used to treat systemic inflammatory diseases, but the role of n-3 in the pathophysiology and therapy of dry eye disease (DED) is not definitive. We evaluated the relationship of systemic n-3 levels with signs and symptoms at baseline in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study.
Metho...
Purpose:
To develop a deep learning approach to digitally segmenting meibomian gland atrophy area and computing percent atrophy in meibography images.
Methods:
A total of 706 meibography images with corresponding meiboscores were collected and annotated for each one with eyelid and atrophy regions. The dataset was then divided into the developme...
Objectives:
To compare subjective and clinical outcomes in three study groups: (1) asymptomatic contact lens (CL) wearers (ASYM); (2) symptomatic CL wearers who become asymptomatic on lens removal; and (3) symptomatic CL wearers who do not resolve on lens removal.
Methods:
Ninety-two subjects completed the Berkeley Dry Eye Flow Chart with and wi...
Purpose:
Women have a higher dry eye disease prevalence compared with men, although only relatively minor differences in the ocular surface have been observed. Interestingly, a sex difference in pain sensitivity is known, and recent research suggests that pain sensitivity is associated with dry eye symptoms. This study attempts to discern whether...
Purpose:
To assess and compare the wetting kinetics of sheathed and unsheathed Schirmer's tear test (STT) strips, and to determine the repeatability of 5-minute wetted length (WL) and basal tear production rate (BTPR).
Methods:
Seventeen subjects underwent two sheathed and unsheathed STTs each for both eyes on four visits on separate days. After...
Significance:
Identification of the association of specific signs of dry eye disease with specific visual function deficits may allow for more targeted approaches to treatment.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to explore the association of dry eye signs and symptoms with visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity in the Dry Eye Assessment...
Purpose:
To investigate the effect of various oxygen transmissibilities (Dk/t) of scleral lenses and corneal thickness recovery time from overnight eye closure with patching on corneal edema during 5 h lens wear.
Methods:
Scleral lenses (hofocon A, 15.6 mm diameter) were worn bilaterally with three different Dks (100, 140, and 160 Barrer). Centr...
Purpose:
To evaluate post-lens tear dynamics at two different time points during scleral lens wear in two cohorts with 10 neophytes each.
Methods:
All subjects wore bilaterally scleral lenses for 5 h on 3 separate visits. Post-lens tear exchange was measured using Out-in method, which required 5 μL of 2% FITC-Dextran instilled on the bulbar conj...
Purpose:
Meibomian gland contrast may be a potential indicator of gland health, especially among isotretinoin users. We aimed to develop a repeatable and reliable method for measuring Meibomian gland contrast from meibography images.
Methods:
Lower lid (LL) and upper lid (UL) meibography were captured with the OCULUS Keratograph 5M (OCULUS, Inc)...
To quantify corneoscleral junction (CSJ) topography in soft contact lens (SCL) wearers, and assess the association between the CSJ and SCL performance and subjective comfort, forty-four adapted SCL wearers (16 Asians, 16 Caucasians, 12 Latinos) were recruited for the present study. Corneal topography was taken with a Medmont E300 (Medmont Internati...
Purpose:
To evaluate the prevalence of novel candidate Sjogren syndrome (SS) autoantibodies [salivary protein-1 (SP-1), parotid secretory protein, carbonic anhydrase 6] in the DRy Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) cohort, a study evaluating the effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acid supplements for the treatment of dry eye.
Methods:
Participant...
Purpose: To evaluate the safety of scleral-lens designs, we model and clinically assess central corneal edema induced by scleral-lens wear for healthy subjects.
Materials and Methods: Central corneal swelling during scleral-lens wear is measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Transport resistances are modeled for oxygen diffusion through...
Significance:
The present study with small-diameter scleral lenses (SLs) revealed that post-lens tear thickness (PoLTT) was significantly associated with post-lens tear mixing, but not with central corneal edema, after short-term SL wear.
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of SL tear clearance (PoLTT) on central corn...
MC. The relationship of lid wiper epitheliopathy to ocular surface signs and symptoms. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59:1878-1887. https://doi.org/10.1167/ iovs.17-23639 PURPOSE. There has been interest in determining whether lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) plays a key role in causing ocular discomfort. Conflicting reports have made it difficult t...
Purpose:
There has been interest in determining whether lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) plays a key role in causing ocular discomfort. Conflicting reports have made it difficult to discern whether LWE is more prevalent in certain populations, what characteristics are associated with its severity, and what its role is in symptomology. This cross-sec...
Significance:
A simple methodology is presented to quantify basal tear production with a modified Schirmer-tear test.
Purpose:
We introduce a simple clinical procedure to measure quantitative basal tear-production flowrates, QL, from a modified Schirmer-tear test (STT).
Methods:
Eight healthy subjects aged at least 18 years underwent modified...
Purpose
In this article, we introduce a novel flow chart-based screening tool for the categorization of contact lens-induced dryness (CLIDE) and its impact on daily visual activities: the Berkeley Dry Eye Flow Chart (DEFC).
Methods
One hundred thirty (130) experienced soft contact lens wearers discontinued lens wear for 24 hrs, passed a baseline s...
Purpose:
Pain sensitivity has been identified as a factor that affects how individuals answer dry eye questionnaires, but it is unknown how it affects ocular discomfort. This study used the time that individuals could refrain from blinking as an indicator of ocular discomfort and set out to determine whether it was related to pain sensitivity, whi...
Significance:
A corneal heat-transfer model is presented to quantify simultaneous measurements of fluorescein tear-breakup area (TBA) and ocular-surface temperature (OST). By accounting for disruption of the tear-film lipid layer (TFLL), we report evaporation rates through lipid-covered tear. The modified heat-transfer model provides new insights...
Purpose
Assess potential risk factors for severe Meibomian gland atrophy (SMGA) in a young adult population.
Methods
Cross-sectional study using medical history and ocular surface examination to evaluate relationships with study outcomes: SMGA, tear lipid layer (TLL) thickness, non-invasive (NITBUT) and fluorescein (FTBUT) tear breakup times, and...
Significance:
Lens care multipurpose solutions (MPSs) can have varying effects on contact lens (CL) surface properties and the corneal epithelium.
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of newer MPS on CL comfort and dryness, prelens tear-film stability, and ocular-surface health. In vitro study was also perform...
Contact lens discomfort is a common problem that can lead to unsuccessful or limited contact lens wear. Although many factors may contribute to contact lens discomfort, limited research has explored the influence of ethnicity-related differences in the anatomy and physiology of the ocular surface. Therefore, we performed a search of the literature...
Purpose:Meibography imaging has becomes increasingly common in clinical ophthalmic practice. Several different grading techniques exist for evaluating the images generated by meibographers. In addition, many practitioners have noticed pathological changes in the meibomian gland structure and function in patients who have a history of isotretinoin (...
Purpose:
To utilize the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) to assess the influence of pain sensitivity on perceptions of ocular discomfort and dryness.
Methods:
Subjects completed a battery of questionnaires, including history of ocular and general health, contact lens wear history, the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, visual...
Purpose:
Directional Optical Coherence Tomography (D-OCT) is a method used to optically segment and identify the outer nuclear layer (ONL) i n vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the repeatability and reproducibility of D-OCT ONL thickness measurements in healthy eyes.
Methods:
Sixteen healthy eyes of sixteen subjects were imaged us...
This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding interfacial properties of very complex biological colloids, specifically, human meibum and tear lipids, and their interactions with proteins similar to the proteins found in aqueous part of human tears. Tear lipids spread as thin films over the surface of tear-film aqueous and play cru...
To investigate the relationship between ocular surface temperature (OST) and tear film thinning and breakup.
Simultaneous imaging of OST and fluorescein tear thinning and breakup (FTBU) was performed on 20 subjects. Subjects were asked to open their eyes and refrain from blinking for as long as they could during testing. Ocular surface temperature...
To identify patient characteristics at a baseline ocular surface evaluation that correlate with improvement in dry eye symptoms at a follow-up visit after treatment with the LipiFlow Thermal Pulsation System.
Thirty-two patients completed a comprehensive baseline ocular surface evaluation and were treated with the LipiFlow Thermal Pulsation System...
: A panel of experts was invited to discuss the following questions: Why does the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) appear to be increasing? Are you satisfied with the current definition and classification of DED-aqueous deficiency versus evaporative dry eye? Beyond the innate human factors (e.g., genetics), what external factors might contribute...
To determine associations for contact lenses (CLs) and meibomian gland atrophy in a matched-pair study.
Contact lens wearers (case) and age- and sex-matched non-contact lens (NCL) wearers with no history of CL use (control) were recruited for a multicenter study. All subjects were administered the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire and a co...
: The authors have reviewed the potential etiology and long-standing consequences of isotretinoin use in the development of dry eye symptoms in the absence of significant clinical findings. Despite the normal appearance of meibomian gland structure on meibography and minimal signs of eyelid margin inflammation, the secretory function of these gland...
To examine the relationships among tear osmolarity, tear film stability, and several measures of dry eye (DE) symptoms in a multivariable analysis.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 137 subjects (68 non-contact lens [CL] wearers and 69 soft CL wearers) recruited from a university campus. Tear breakup time (TBUT) was measured noninvasively...
Purpose: To evaluate the influence of lens care solutions (LCS) on interfacial dynamics and rheological properties of human tear-lipid films. Methods: Tear lipids were extracted from Schirmer strips collected from 6 healthy subjects. Sessile bubble tensiometry was used to study interfacial properties at 22 • C. Lipids were deposited on an air bubbl...
A novel in vivo flow evaporimeter is developed to measure human tear-evaporation rates. The flow evaporimeter relies on a well-defined flow field to the eye with known and adjustable flow rates and relative humidities, and quantitatively reproduces evaporation rates for pure water. Mass-transfer analysis of the evaporimeter data elucidates, for the...
Purpose: To determine the rate of meibomian gland (MG) atrophy in a matched-pair sample of contact lens (CL) and non-contact-lens (NCL) wearers.
Methods: CL wearers with a minimum of five years of CL use and NCL wearers who were age- and gender-matched were recruited across five study sites from three countries (USA, Canada and Germany). Lower and...
Purpose
To evaluate the influence of lens care solutions (LCS) on interfacial dynamics and rheological properties of human tear-lipid films.
Methods
Tear lipids were extracted from Schirmer strips collected from 6 healthy subjects. Sessile bubble tensiometry was used to study interfacial properties at 22 °C. Lipids were deposited on an air bubble...
Purpose:
To investigate factors of ethnicity, sex, age, and diurnal variation on human corneal epithelial permeability.
Methods:
Data of corneal epithelial permeability to sodium fluorescein (Pdc) were collected from 374 noncontact lens wearers at various times after awakening throughout the day. Mixed-effect models were developed to investigate...
Objectives:
To determine whether Asian and white subjects differ in clinical signs or subjective symptoms in response to the use of different biguanide-preserved contact lens care solutions.
Methods:
Forty-two subjects (15 Asian and 27 white) wearing lotrafilcon B silicone hydrogel contact lenses used a preservative-free lens care solution bilat...
To develop and test a novel quantitative method of describing the corneoscleral junction, including metrics that reflect both the angle and the topography in this region of the ocular surface.
Forty-eight neophyte subjects were recruited (16 Asian, 16 white, and 16 Latino). Optical coherence tomography images of the nasal, temporal, superior, and i...
Purpose:
To determine whether daily irrigation with sterile saline solution during silicone hydrogel (SiH) contact lens continuous wear (CW) can mitigate increases in corneal epithelial permeability (Pdc) and reduce the risk of adverse events.
Methods:
In this study, 161 non-contact lens wearers were fit with SiH contact lenses and randomized to...
This study aimed to examine the effects of demographic, lens performance, and ocular surface response measures on contact lens-related discomfort and dryness, using a large contact lens study database.
A total of 4164 records were extracted from a database of 220 subjects participating in 46 silicone hydrogel contact lens studies. Subjects disconti...
To explore interfacial behaviors and effects of temperature and dilatation on dynamic properties of multilayered human tear lipids extracted from silicone hydrogel (SiH) lenses worn by asymptomatic Asian and white subjects.
Interfacial properties of lipids extracted from Focus N&D lenses worn by 14 subjects continuously for 1 month were studied. Th...
To identify the diurnal variations of tear osmolarity (TO) and its relationship with central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal deswelling over a 14-hour period.
TO and CCT were measured using the TearLab Osmometer and Bioptigen spectral domain optical coherence tomography, respectively, on 38 healthy neophytes (mean age, 21.5 ± 2.2 years). TO and...
To explore the relationships among length of contact lens (CL) wear, degree of corneal staining and severity of dryness symptoms, and to determine whether these relationships differ between Asians and non-Asians.
Adapted soft CL wearers (n=395; 180 Asian, 215 non-Asian) were required to discontinue CL wear for at least 24h and report to the Univers...
Purpose:
To investigate the effects of 30 nights of overnight orthokeratology (OOK) on corneal epithelial permeability (Pdc) and corneal biomechanical properties.
Methods:
BE Retainer and Paragon CRT lenses were used. Visits were scheduled approximately 4 hours after awakening at baseline and after 1, 5, 10, 14, and 30 days of treatment. Pdc was...
: To improve the digital quantification of fluorescence intensity of sodium fluorescein instilled on corneal surface by modifying a slit lamp hardware and performing computerized processing of captured digital images.
: The optics of a slit lamp were modified to remove corneal Purkinje reflection and to expand the illuminated area on the cornea, fo...
Purpose:
To ascertain whether a difference in the permeability of the corneal epithelium to fluorescein (Pdc) exists between Asians and non-Asians.
Methods:
From a multi-study database we extracted 632 records of baseline, open-eye Pdc measurements taken on both eyes of 176 subjects. Subjects were awake for a minimum of 4h before measurement, an...
With the introduction of silicone hydrogel (SiHy) lenses over a decade ago, clinicians have seen both improvements and challenges in contact lens (CL) wear. Regardless of lens design or material, the presence of a CL on the ocular surface induces mechanical complications. Although some of these complications have diminished in frequency and severit...
Ethnic variations in accommodative amplitude (AA) are not uncommon. Accommodation can become reduced in response to short-term wear of first near spectacles. Whether ethnicity has an influence on the magnitude of this adaptation is not well understood. We investigated the impact of first near spectacles on changes in AA and on convergence cross-lin...
The recognition and appreciation of soft contact lenses as simple, efficient and aesthetically gratifying vision-correction
devices is ever growing, especially among younger population. Stable thin tear film uniformly spread over corrective lens
surface is essential for acute vision, and also for comfortable and safe contact lens wear. The signific...
To determine whether corneal biomechanical properties and intraocular pressure (IOP) are affected by eye rubbing and breath holding.
Corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor, corneal compensated IOP (IOPcc), and Goldmann equivalent IOP (IOPg) were measured on both eyes of 40 subjects. Measurements were taken at baseline before eye rubbing (ER(...
To determine whether there are significant differences in standard clinical measures of vision, progressive addition lens (PAL)-specific vision tests, or subjective ratings and preferences between customized free-form and standard non-free-form PALs in an experienced wearing population. In addition, we aim to determine whether subjective or objecti...
To determine the effects on corneal epithelial permeability and ocular response of 30 nights of continuous wear (CW) of gas permeable (GP) and silicone hydrogel (SiH) contact lenses.
Ninety-one subjects successfully completed 30 days of CW of either GP (n = 42) or SiH (n = 49) contact lenses. Epithelial permeability (P(dc)) was measured by scanning...
To investigate the release of surface-active agents (surfactants) from unworn soft contact lenses (SCLs) and their influence on the lens surface wettability in vitro.
Surface tension (ST) of blister pack solutions was measured by pendant-drop technique. STs at the air-aqueous interface and contact angles (CAs) of four conventional and seven silicon...
To evaluate the interfacial properties of ex vivo tear lipid multilayers with controlled and varying thickness. The influence of lysozyme and surfactant-containing multipurpose lens care solution (MPS) on interfacial rheology of lipids and mixed lipid-protein films were studied.
Lipids were extracted from lotrafilcon A lenses worn continuously for...
