Melih Motro

Objective To assess the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances on the developing roots of anchor teeth compared with completely formed roots. Methods Pre- and post-treatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 19 patients (mean pre-treatment age 10.9±1.3, mean post-treatment age 13.66...

Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the genetic and environmental effects on transverse growth of craniofacial structures, within and between identical and fraternal twins. Methods The sample consisted of 142 children in total, divided into 29 pairs of monozygotic twins, 42 pairs of dizygotic twins, and 1 set of dizygotic triplets. Po...

Background: This study aimed to assess the facial profile preferences of lay people in seven locations from different countries and whether their place of residence, sex, age, race, education, or income influenced the decision. Methods: After altering the lip and nose in 1 mm increments in the sagittal and sagittal/vertical directions, 50 profil...

Introduction The growth of the sphenoethmoidal and sphenofrontal suture in the anterior cranial base (ACB) terminates around 7 years old; therefore, ACB is used as a reference structure for superimposing radiographs in 2-dimensions (2D) and 3-dimensions (3D). The data in the literature regarding the cessation of growth of ACB in 3D is insufficient....

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term volumetric changes of the upper airway compartments in response to counterclockwise bimaxillary advancement surgery with multi-piece maxillary osteotomy, and to analyze the relationship between the postoperative stability of the maxillomandibular skeletal complex, and the volumetric ai...

Background/objectives The aim of this study was to explore the effect of palatally displaced canines on maxillary dimensions and arch shape. Methods Occlusal and skeletal landmarks were plotted on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 156 orthodontic patients: 78 with palatally displaced canines (PDC) (27 left, 28 right, and 23 bilateral)...

Distraction osteogenesis is a commonly used process in the treatment of patients with craniofacial disorders, especially in those with cleft lip and palate (CLP) having severe maxillary deficiency. This chapter discusses the use of alveolar distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of CLP with large defects. Major goals in the treatment of CLP incl...

Introduction This study aimed to assess growth-related dental and symmetry changes in the dental arch within and between identical and fraternal twins in mixed and permanent dentition. Methods Three-dimensional scanned dental models of eligible subjects were selected from the Forsyth-Moorrees Twin Study sample. This retrospective cohort study was...

Objective The purpose of this investigation of untreated monozygotic and dizygotic twins was to identify the genetic and environmental component to the facial soft tissue growth. Settings and Sample Population The sample consisted of 52 untreated monozygotic twins (36 male, 16 female) and 46 untreated dizygotic twins (23 male, 23 female) from the...

Objective: To determine whether multiple siblings resemble one another in their craniofacial characteristics as measured on cephalometric radiographs. Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively using the Forsyth Moorrees twin sample. A total of 32 families were included, each with ≥4 postpubertal siblings, totaling 142 subjects. Only 1 mo...

Introduction: The midface and nasal bones have a significant influence on facial esthetics. Being able to predict the ultimate size of a growing patient's nose may influence the orthodontic treatment plan. Our study aimed to determine whether significant heritability exists between parents and children using multiple soft and hard tissue measureme...

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to assess the changes in right vs left nasal cavity volumes and minimum cross-sectional width, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal volumes of the upper airway in response to rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Methods: Pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography scans of 28 patients wit...

Objectives To evaluate the three-dimensional changes following rapid maxillary expansion (RME) of the nasal cavity (NC) and pharyngeal airway (PA) in growing patients, using innovative and validated evaluation methods. To investigate whether a correlation between skeletal expansion and increase in airway volume exists. Settings and sample populati...

Background Vitamin D is critical for bone physiology. In this study, we quantified Vitamin D Binding Protein (VitDBP) levels in saliva as a measure of Vitamin D during orthodontic tooth movement. Methods In this longitudinal study, saliva samples were collected from 73 orthodontic patients for 4 timepoints for the first six months of orthodontic t...

Objectives To determine the additive genetic and environmental contributions to the vertical growth of craniofacial structures. Materials and Methods The sample consisted of 64 untreated monozygotic (44 male, 20 female) and 61 untreated dizygotic twins (32 male, 29 female). Lateral cephalograms taken at 15 and 18 years of age were traced to analyz...

In many situations, conventional bone augmentation techniques, such as bone grafting or guided bone regeneration, are considered to be sufficient to generate adequate bone support for implant placement. However, in cases with extensive bone loss, these methods may lack providing adequate bone support and architecture for implant placement and an es...

Tooth replantation is the first recommended approach in traumatic dental injuries with dental avulsions. However, if the dental trauma also results in alveolar bone fractures, such an approach is not always adequate for the management of such events. In these cases, bone augmentation and prosthetic dental restoration of the defected area is a typic...

Hippocrates was the first to use repositioning and stabilization techniques of bone fractures in written history. Closer to our date, Codivilla was a pioneer to apply bone elongation techniques, who in 1905 published a case report of femoral extension using axial forces of distraction (Codivilla 2008) (Fig. 1.1). However, the distraction osteogenes...

A 16-year-old female patient presented with absence of the premaxilla and bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (Fig. 8.1). The etiology was uncertain. The treatment plan was reconstruction of the premaxilla and correction of the sagittal jaw relationship, using the alveolar distraction protocol to improve the patient’s facial profile and appeara...

At the beginning of designing the archwise distraction concept for the treatment of cleft defects, fixed orthodontic appliances were planned to be used, and the distraction procedure was planned along the archwires. The aim of this method was to obtain a regenerated bone through distraction osteogenesis, which is curvilinear in shape, close to the...

After the introduction of the distraction osteogenesis procedure to the alveolar region, this method is used in the treatment of many different cases (Chin and Toth 1996). Mainly, the method is preferred in the reconstruction of the alveolar bone in width and length for implant restorations, closure of cleft defects in patients with cleft lip and p...

Vertical distraction osteogenesis is a commonly accepted treatment modality in cases with loss of alveolar bone height and width, especially where bone grafting methods failed previously. When vertical bone augmentation need exceeds 7 mm, and with anterior large bone defects, this technique has been a method of preference. As in every surgical tech...

Distraction osteogenesis is a kind of fracture healing process directed in a beneficial manner. To understand the mechanism of distraction osteogenesis, one should first know the details of fracture healing. Distraction osteogenesis is a procedure that slowly parts two segments of a bone by performing osteotomy in an abnormal bone. A device known a...

The main aim in the treatment of cleft lip and palate cases is to achieve labial, palatal, velopharyngeal closure, a balanced profile, harmonic facial appearance, and a good occlusion (Eppley and Sadove 2000; Phua and de Chalain 2008; Cheung and Chua 2006; Jackson et al. 2004; Williams et al. 2001). Most of the time, these goals are accomplished in...

Cleft lip and palate treatment is a long journey for the patient, family, and also the team that is involved in the treatment that starts from the first day of birth and continues till the late adolescence. The first shock the parents live the first day they meet their baby turns to questions and worries. In this moment, health-care professionals s...

Strong regenerative capacity of the bone is critical in the scarless fracture healing processes. Similar highly regulated molecular processes take place during and following distraction osteogenesis. However, it is important to note that, in all three phases (latency, distraction, and consolidation) of distraction osteogenesis, cellular signaling s...

Some tumoral, cystic, or inflammatory lesions are treated with total excision and reconstruction of the affected area. The treatment in such conditions is performed in two steps.

Class II malocclusion is a condition frequently seen in orthodontic practice, and it constitutes 27% of all orthodontic problems (Angle 1899, 1900). It is characterized by maxillary excess, mandibular retrusion, or a combination of both the problems (Henry 1957; Moyers et al. 1980). The morphogenic pattern shows variations in population; therefore,...

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is considered first-line treatment in the management of pediatric patients without a surgically correctible cause of obstruction who have confirmed moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The evidence supports its reduction on patient morbidity and positive influence on neurobehavioral outcome. U...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether bone cement increased the resistance of miniscrews against pull-out and shear forces. Materials and Method: Sixty commercially available miniscrews were placed into bovine bone samples (one each) at a 908 angle, using a custom-made orientation jig and controlling torque (30 N-cm) and rot...

The second edition of this comprehensive book describes a new alveolar distraction osteogenesis method that offers important advantages and can be used for the treatment of various orthopedic abnormalities and congenital malformations. Detailed guidance is provided on the selection of suitable candidates for alveolar distraction, including those wi...

Objective: The aims of this longitudinal analysis of untreated monozygotic and dizygotic twins were to investigate vertical changes of the craniofacial structures during growth, to determine the concordance between genetically twins, and to assess the genetic component for the various aspects of vertical growth. Settings and sample population: T...

Introduction: The aims of this longitudinal analysis of untreated monozygotic twins were to investigate the change of the facial soft tissues during growth, to determine the concordance of soft tissue growth patterns between genetically identical twins, and to assess the genetic component of soft tissue development. Methods: The sample consisted of...

The objective of this project was to retrospectively evaluate changes in volume of different compartments of the upper airway in response to maxillary, mandibular, and bimaxillary advancement surgeries and to predict the extent of volumetric changes associated with these surgical movements. Pre- and post-surgical cone beam computed tomography scans...

Context: Effects of high Le Fort I SARME on the malar complex. Aims: To compare and evaluate the effects of two techniques used for SARME, using 3D cone-beam computed tomography, focusing on changes in hard and soft tissues in the malar region. Settings and design: A conventional Le Fort I osteotomy group (10 patients, mean age: 19.3 years) an...

Objective: This preliminary study was planned to provide information about preoperative mandibular canal (MC) position and the postoperative positional changes of MC and length in three dimensions, with the purpose of providing some assistance in reducing inferior alveolar neurosensory disturbance (IAND). Methods: MC was examined on CBCT data us...

Introduction Buccolingual inclinations of the maxillary permanent molars and intermolar widths increase with growth for Class I subjects. Changes for untreated Class II subjects have not yet been assessed. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that changes in palatal inclination of the maxillary molars and intermolar width throughout gro...

Distraction osteogenesis is a kind of fracture healing process directed in a beneficial manner. To understand the mechanism of distraction osteogenesis, one should first know the details of fracture healing. Distraction osteogenesis is a procedure that slowly parts two segments of a bone by performing osteotomy in an abnormal bone. A device known a...

Cleft lip and palate treatment is a long journey for the patient, family, and also the team that is involved in the treatment that starts from the first day of birth and continues till the late adolescence. The first shock the parents live the first day they meet their baby turns to questions and worries. In this moment, health-care professionals s...

A 16-year-old female patient presented with absence of the premaxilla and bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (Fig. 7.1). The etiology was uncertain. The treatment plan was reconstruction of the premaxilla and correction of the sagittal jaw relationship, using the alveolar distraction protocol to improve the patient’s facial profile and appeara...

Class II malocclusion is a condition frequently seen in orthodontic practice, and it constitutes 27 % of all orthodontic problems (Angle 1899, 1900). It is characterized by maxillary excess, mandibular retrusion, or a combination of both the problems (Henry 1957; Moyers et al. 1980). The morphogenic pattern shows variations in population; therefore...

Some tumoral, cystic, or inflammatory lesions are treated with total excision and reconstruction of the affected area. The treatment in such conditions is performed in two steps.

After the introduction of the distraction osteogenesis procedure to the alveolar region, this method is used in the treatment of many different cases (Chin and Toth 1996). Mainly, the method is preferred in the reconstruction of the alveolar bone in width and length for implant restorations, closure of cleft defects in patients with cleft lip and p...

Hippocrates was the first to use repositioning and stabilization techniques of bone fractures in written history. Closer to our date, Codivilla was a pioneer to apply bone elongation techniques, who in 1905 published a case report of femoral extension using axial forces of distraction (Codivilla 2008) (Fig. 1.1). However, the distraction osteogenes...

At the beginning of designing the archwise distraction concept for the treatment of cleft defects, fixed orthodontic appliances were planned to be used, and the distraction procedure was planned along the archwires. The aim of this method was to obtain a regenerated bone through distraction osteogenesis, which is curvilinear in shape, close to the...

The aim of this review was to evaluate associations between different orthodontic treatment techniques, the role of malocclusion types, and signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Associations between different orthodontic treatment techniques and TMD were found in some studies, whereas most of the reviewed articles failed to iden...

Hypodontia is often used as a collective term for congenital absence of primary or secondary teeth, although specifically it describes the absence of one to six teeth excluding third molars. The prevalence of hypodontia varies from 0.03 to 10.1% in various populations. In this retrospective study, we reviewed the records of Turkish orthodontic pati...

Conventional dental-borne rapid maxillary expansion (RME) leads to a widening of the airways, followed by improved nasal breathing. Although combined skeletal-dental appliances are nowadays being inserted increasingly often and provide a force at the center of resistance in the nasomaxillary complex, no study exists so far that shows whether this t...

This book describes a new method of alveolar distraction osteogenesis that offers important advantages and can be used for the treatment of various orthopedic abnormalities and congenital malformations. Detailed guidance is provided on selection of patients suitable for alveolar distraction, including those with cleft lip and palate, skeletal class...

The main aim in the treatment of cleft lip and palate cases is to achieve labial, palatal, velopharyngeal closure, a balanced profile, harmonic facial appearance, and a good occlusion (Eppley and Sadove 2000; Phua and de Chalain 2008; Cheung and Chua 2006; Jackson et al. 2004; Williams et al. 2001). Most of the time, these goals are accomplished in...

The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare skeletal, dentoalveolar, dental, and periodontal changes in surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) patients with and without pterygomaxillary disjunction. The records of 20 patients who underwent SARME in the clinics of the dental school at Marmara University in Turkey were collecte...

Aim: To evaluate and compare the dentoskeletal effects associated with surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) performed with (+) and without (-) pterygomaxillary disjunction (PD), utilizing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: A retrospective study of 9 patients (1 male, 8 females, mean age 18.9 years) unde...

Objective: To determine if density measurements of several maxillary regions in Hounsfield Units (HU) and outcomes of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) are correlated. Is correlation powerful enough to give us direct information about maxillary resistance to RME? Materials and methods: Twenty-two computed tomographic (CT) scans (14 years) are used...

This article describes a new method that enables vector control during alveolar distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of a cleft palate patient. The patient presented with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate, and the alveolar part of the defect was covered by a mobile buccal flap. The distraction was performed by sliding the surgically rel...

Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine whether bone cement increased the resistance of miniscrews against pull-out and shear forces.Materials and Method:Sixty commercially available miniscrews were placed into bovine bone samples (one each) at a 90° angle, using a custom-made orientation jig and controlling torque (30 N-cm) and rotati...

Objective: To evaluate the pharyngeal airway and maxillary sinus volume changes after mandibular setback surgery combined with maxillary advancement and/or impaction surgery. Materials and methods: Seventeen Class III skeletal patients (11 females, 6 males) who required bimaxillary orthognathic surgery were selected. Volumetric measurements were...