Melchor Fernández

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Verified

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• Phd
• Professor (Associate) at University of Santiago de Compostela

resumo | A região Norte do Brasil apresenta índices de desenvolvimento inferio-res comparativamente a outras regiões do país. Por essa razão, foram implementadas políticas públicas específicas para a região com o propósito de reduzir as desigual-dades socioeconômicas e melhorar a integração regional. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal desta inves...

La región norte de Brasil presenta índices de desarrollo más bajos en comparación con otras regiones del país. Por esta razón, se han implementado políticas públicas específicas para la región con el propósito de reducir las desigualdades socioeconómicas y mejorar la integración regional. En este contexto, el objetivo principal de esta investigació...

Purpose This study aims to introduce a dynamic perspective of tourism resilience by analyzing tourism demand in Spain during the 2020 and 2021 summers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach This study uses regression and Lasso-type methods to demonstrate a great explanatory capacity of past determinants to explain the...

The concept of Tourism Destinations Competitiveness has evolved from a price-focused perspective to the consideration of multiple factors including sustainability, residents’ well-being, or destination image. Regardless of the version used, it is expected that a competitive destination should be able to convert its advantageous position into econom...

Economic accounts at sub-territorial level are projected primarily through Location Quotients (LQ). The degrees of sectoral specialisation at this level will therefore be key in spatial projections. This article advocates rectified use of the Cross-Industry Location Quotient (CILQ). Indirectly, the aim is to check to what extent CILQs are well expl...

This paper addresses the concept of tourism vulnerability associated with the structure of the destinations' tourism source markets, by using several relevant factors and the construction of synthetic indexes. Following an operable and parsimonious criterion, we select a reduced set of fundamental indicators that have been stressed in the literatur...

La investigación desarrollada con base en datos de la World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) y el Instituto Costarricense de Turismo de Costa Rica (ICT), permite analizar la evolución de la actividad turística en el país con relación a destinos altamente competitivos como España, Francia y Estados Unidos. Se utilizó una metodología de tipo descriptiva...

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) stated by the United Nations (UN) constitute a universal agenda committed to human rights. In this context, mathematics can perform a fundamental role. Exploring possible contributions to these goals could be considered an interesting approach. Input–output (IO) tables provide detailed information for socio-...

This paper quantitatively analyzes the resilience of tourism to COVID-19 and its territorial distribution in Spain, a global tourism power and one of the countries most affected by the pandemic. A first descriptive analysis of data from the summer of 2020 shows that: i) resilience was not homogeneously distributed across Spanish provinces; ii) the...

Projection via LQs for Austria in 2010 LQs: 2D-LQ AFLQ FLQ CILQ go to link: https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40008-021-00237-5/MediaObjects/40008_2021_237_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx

This article seeks to verify the extent to which the formulation of two-dimensional location quotients (2D-LQ) entails a methodological advance in building or generating economic accounts related to sub-territories drawing from basic information. The input–output tables of the Euro Area 19 for 2010 and 2015 are references for analysis. We have used...

Este trabajo estudia la percepción de los residentes de dos municipios rurales sobre los impactos económicos, sociales, culturales y medioambientales del Camino de Santiago, a partir de la información cuantitativa obtenida en una encuesta de satisfacción. Los resultados revelan una percepción global positiva y descartan problemas de percepción de s...

Purpose This proposal represents four main advantages: the immediate availability of the relevant information to the local manager; its potential application to any municipality regardless of its size; its reduced economic cost both in terms of information and calculation; and the possibility of obtaining information for very short periods (monthly...

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted tourism and leisure activities worldwide, especially in the hospitality sector. This paper has a conceptual and empirical motivation based on two objectives. First, it identifies several of the primary factors behind the vulnerability of tourism to COVID-19 (tourism dependency, market structure, the s...

Este libro se corresponde con el numero 34 de la serie de Informes Anuais sobre A Economía Galega, que bajo la dirección del Profesor Alberto Meixide se realiza por un amplio equipo, desde el año 1986 en el que se publicó el primer numero, una síntesis de la economía gallega en los cinco años previos, continuando anualmente hasta este Informe 34 qu...

This article seeks to verify the extent at which the formulation of two-dimensional location quotients (2D-LQ) entails a methodological advance in building or generating economic accounts related to sub-territories drawing from basic information. The input-output tables of the Euro Area 19 for 2010 and 2015 are taken as a reference for analysis, an...

COVID-19 in Spain. Coming back to the “New normality” after two months of confinement - Raimundo Mateos, Melchor Fernández, Manuel Franco, Manuel Sánchez

The difficulties in obtaining input–output tables at subnational levels have led to multiple methodological developments in order to obtain local technical coefficients using semi-survey approaches. A widely accepted method is based on the use of location quotients (LQ) according to Flegg's formula (AFLQ). However, it makes the adjustment of purcha...

Purpose This proposal represents four main advantages: the immediate availability of the relevant information to the local manager; its potential application to any municipality regardless of its size; its reduced economic cost both in terms of information and calculation; and the possibility of obtaining information for very short periods (monthly...

Economic theoretical models suggest that health, as a component of human capital, affects wages through productivity. However, during economic downturns, circumstances like increased presenteeism and scarcer promotion opportunities can blur this relationship. We use a variety of estimators on European individual-level panel data from before and dur...

El presente artículo aplica la metodología del tiempo discrecional al caso de la sociedad española. Mientras que la noción de tiempo libre en los estudios sobre usos del tiempo es generalmente construida como el remanente tras sustraer el tiempo efectivamente empleado en el empleo, el trabajo doméstico y los cuidados personales, el tiempo discrecio...

A accesibilidade aos servizos básicos é esencial para asegurar a calidade de vida da poboación. Unha distribución equilibrada destes servizos (escolas, centros de saúde, oficinas de farmacia, centros sociais, servizos deportivos, servizos financeiros, supermercados etc.) permite á poboación identificarse co seu espazo máis próximo, aumentando a coh...

This paper assesses the economic impact of international students (IS) in a regional economy (Galicia) from the viewpoint of the tourism industry. The current extent of international student mobility and its potential future development make it an appropriate topic for analysis in terms of its local and regional economic impacts, first and foremost...

The aim of this paper is to calculate net input-output multipliers using different adjustments on the Leontief inverse, without simply removing part of its elements. Moreover, in order to increase the accuracy of the estimation, a standardization of the inverse is offered. The empirical application is presented for the Galician economy, based on th...

The ways in which tourism consumption affects income distribution involves three channels: changes in prices, earnings of households and government revenues. In this paper, we focus our analysis on the latter two channels through a social accounting matrix (SAM) model of Galicia for the year 2008. This SAM, which is elaborated with a special design...

The official available data must be the primary datasource in economic studies. However, in economic modelling related with supply-use tables this aspect is ignored. In fact, as in this structure the number of products exceeds the number of industries, there is considerable information lost due to aggregations in order to get square matrices. Never...

Tourism sector is playing a key role in the development of a region, therefore tourism activities continue to growth in the last year despite the actual crisis (UNWTO 2011). Also, Spain maintains in the better positions of the world ranking. Furthermore, Tourism activities generate around 10% of GPD and represents 11.5% of total workers of the Span...

This paper adds to the empirical literature of health as a potential endogenous explanatory variable in wage equations by addressing problems such as unobserved heterogeneity, sample selection and measurement error (in the health variable) in one comprehensive framework. Moreover, by using European individual-level panel data from before and during...

Analysing the spillover effects is crucial for small and open regions where productive leakages are relevant, as could be the case of Galicia within the Spanish context. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to examine the spatial interactions between Galicia and the rest of Spain economies that tourism consumption involves, for the period 2001–...

É muito comum fazer análises aos impactos económicos utilizando as mais recentes matrizes input-output disponíveis. Contudo, o problema surge quando, com o decurso do tempo, os dados de referência ficam desatualizados. Não obstante, a análise económica tradicional considera-os uma base de dados quase fixa, levando a que surja uma lacuna entre os re...

It is very usual to perform economic impact analysis using the latest input-output tables available. However, the problem arises when, as time goes by, reference data may be somewhat outdated. Nevertheless traditional economic analysis considers it almost a fixed dataset; hence there appears a gap between true and estimated results that should be m...

Estimar o impacto do turismo nunha sociedade significa considerar tanto os beneficios coma os custos asociados á actividade turística. Sen dúbida, o turismo reviste unha importancia económica e social decisiva; porén, o crecemento da actividade turística foi acompañado por dificultades importantes en termos de emisión de gases de efecto invernadoir...

The presence of negative values in the primary inputs vector in the input output framework has been considered as a limitation to the development of multi-sectoral linear models. It is true that, when this circumstance happens, the industries that are related appear unbalanced, however, the whole economic system could be stable within a short time....

The presence of negative values in the primary inputs vector in the input output framework has been considered as a limitation to the development of multi-sectoral linear models. It is true that, when this circumstance happens, the industries that are related appear unbalanced, however, the whole economic system could be stable within a short time....

Estimating the impact of tourism on an economy means to estimate both benefits and costs as-sociated with tourism. Without any doubt, tourism has a huge economic and social importance. However, the growth of tourism has been accompanied by significant drawbacks in terms of emission of greenhouse gases, water consumption, untreated water, physical w...

It is sometimes advisable to use the disaggregated input-output tables based on the origin of its flows. For this reason, in the process of matrix updating it is essential to keep their initial level of specification. As a universal pattern, to implement different updating techniques it is needed information about the sums of rows and columns of th...

There exist a huge number of updating methods for input-output tables, some of them simple and others more complex, depending on their formulation. The information available to enable the application of these methods differs; hence certain methods cannot be used in some models. In practice, the reference figures needed to use non-survey tools are p...

The application of RAS-SU requires prior knowledge of the row and column sums of the matrices in question. The Euro method avoids this limitation; however it is only applicable to square matrices and it is not always convergent. In this paper, the global updating method is adapted to supply and use tables. The main focus is on indicating how rectan...

It is very usual to perform economic impact analysis using the latest input-output tables available. However, the problem arises when, as time goes on, reference data may be somewhat outdated. It is well known that the economic structure is changeable while the traditional economic analysis considers it almost as a fixed issue; hence there appear a...

Desde o início da crise financeira e económica, diferentes organismos e fóruns económicos internacionais procuram afirmar a importância do turismo enquanto estímulo económico em tempo de crise e como actividade estratégica geradora de confiança. Sem dúvida o turismo tornou-se um sector muito importante e dinâmico na economia mundial, o que, aliado...

Aplicación web desarrollada en software libre. Se trata de un observatorio de la actividad sobre el territorio (parroquias, ciudades, municipios, provincias), con indicadores económicos (rentas, empleo, actividad) y social (demografía, educación, sanidad, discapacidad...) con un planteamiento de análisis espacio temporal y multivariante donde se pu...

Although the degree of gender wage discrimination has been estimated many times, its effects on the economy have not been too much studied, neither theoretically nor empirically. Consequently, in this paper we attempt to cover the existent void in this topic. First, we establish a theoretically framework of the macroeconomic consequences of gender...

Human capital and productive structure could account for an important part of the differences in productivity between Spanish regions; nevertheless we consider that gender wage discrimination could also have effects on it. The existence of a degree of discrimination means that there is a wage differential in which employer prefer to hire less produ...

En el actual contexto económico, cobran especial relevancia la preocupación por el estímulo y la recuperación del empleo, así como el análisis de la eficiencia de las medidas diseñadas con este objetivo. Entre las disposiciones adoptadas por las autoridades económicas, en España destaca la puesta en marcha de medidas fiscales de expansión de la dem...

The tourism and hotels and restaurants industries fall within the service sector and employ many people with different skills and capacities. As in other sectors, it is important to monitor employment and working conditions in this sector. However, there has not been any empirical systematic research into employment and wage conditions in the Spani...

Neste artigo introdúcese un procedemento para detectar cambios nas estruturas produtivas de calquera rama de actividade dunha economía. Para os efectos prácticos analízanse dous sectores que abastecen en boa medida á demanda turística española: o aloxamento e a restauración. O método proposto permite actualizar por unha vía alternativa a á xeralmen...

En este artículo se introduce un procedimiento para detectar cambios en las estructuras productivas de cualquier rama de actividad de una economía. A efectos prácticos se analizan dos sectores que abastecen en buena medida a la demanda turística española: el alojamiento y la restauración. El método propuesto permite actualizar por una vía alternati...

The existence and persistence of regional disparities in the unemployment rate is a common problem of many European economies. However, in Spain, this situation exhibits a characteristic feature: a strong positive relationship with the business cycle. The analysis in this paper investigates the relationship between this distinguishing feature of th...

In this paper we analyze wage flexibility in Spain and its regional differences, departing from the estimation of wage curves. Using data from the Wage Structure Survey, we proceed to estimate regional wage equations, relating the observed wage received by workers to a group of personal and job characteristics, as well as to the unemployment rate....

Bande R., Fernández M. and Montuenga V. M. (2007) Regional disparities in the unemployment rate: the role of the wage-setting mechanism in Spain, 1987–92, Regional Studies 41, –. The aim of this paper is to show how regional unemployment disparities in Spain widen during economic upturns and to provide an explanation of this behaviour. The analysis...

This paper examines the effect of productivity on wages for Spanish industrial sectors by developing a model that captures effects from both sector-specific and aggregate variables. The results show that a dual behaviour can be inferred, at the sector level, in the wage-setting mechanism. It is also found that the linkage between wages and producti...

En el trabajo se analizan las características del empleo de bajos salarios en España. La evidencia revela que se trata de un fenómeno que si bien afecta a los mismos colectivos que en otros países de nuestro entorno, está comparativamente mucho más extendido en nuestro mercado laboral. El riesgo de estar mal remunerado es especialmente elevado para...

In this piece of research, we estimate wage curves for five EU member states using homogenous information provided in panel data set (the ECHP) to appraise wage flexibility. Whereas typical estimation concentrates solely on the relationship between current wages and current unemployment rate, we also consider the influence of lagged values of unemp...

Este artículo resume el desarrollo de una matriz de contabilidad nacional agregada (MCN) para la economía española a partir de las cuentas nacionales. Esta matriz es simplemente un método alternativo de presentación de las cuentas nacionales que permite mostrar el detalle, coherencia y consistencia de las mismas. En el trabajo se ilustra con varios...

The Kyoto Protocol was accepted by the European Commission in April 2002, laying down a distribution system of emission reduction efforts among the member countries in order to reach the objective of 8% for the entire EU. Among the measures adopted by the EU for the fulfilment of the Protocol, there is a Directive (2003/87/CE) establishing a scheme...

La evidencia obtenida en este trabajo muestra que la percepción individual de bajos salarios es un fenómeno fuertemente asociado en España a la situación de pobreza de los hogares. Esta relación se acentúa notablemente si quien detenta el empleo de bajos salarios es el cabeza de familia del hogar, pero es significativa incluso en el caso de percept...

La evidencia obtenida en este trabajo muestra que la percepcion individual de bajos salarios es un fenomeno fuertemente asociado en Espana a la situacion de pobreza de los hogares. Esta relacion se acentua notablemente si quien detenta el empleo de bajos salarios es el cabeza de familia del hogar, pero es significativa incluso en el caso de percept...

This study wants to show the medium and short run consequences of diminishing Public Deficit in the Spanish Economy. Precisely, we show the effects from diminishing by one percent the Public Deficit over the Spanish national income, on the production levels of 16 economic sectors, the welfare level of 12 families and macroeconomic variables as unem...

This study wants to show the medium and short run consequences of diminishing Public Deficit in the Spanish Economy. Precisely, we show the effects from diminishing by one percent the Public Deficit over the Spanish national income, on the production levels of 16 economic sectors, the welfare level of 12 families and macroeconomic variables as unem...

This article shows how a national accounting matrix (NAM) for the spanish economy can be ellaborated using the economic accounts published by the National Institute of Statistics in Spain. The NAM can be described as an alternative method of presentation of the national accounts that allows to show their coherence and consistency. This paper illust...

The aim of the article is to provide new evidence concerning the effect of public capital on productivity growth in Spain. To this end, the article follows the growth accounting approach, which, in addition to measuring both the direct and indirect effects of public capital on the total factor productivity, allows for assessing whether there is a d...

This paper examines wage flexibility in five EU countries by estimating their respective wage curves. Using information provided by a homogeneous panel data set—the ECHP—we are able to demonstrate that, contrary to the habitual finding, the wage elasticity to unemployment in fact varies across countries.

El empleo en Galicia ha mostrado una evolución completamente opuesta a la media nacional en las últimas décadas, lo cual ha supuesto una reducción sustancial en el número de ocupados. Esta dinámica del empleo se ha agravado desde que España se incorpora la Comunidad Económica Europea en 1985, llevando al mercado de trabajo gallego hacia la media es...

En este trabajo se ofrece una visión comparativa de las economías de Galicia y la región norte de Portugal, a través de las técnicas de análisis input-output. La estructura de producción de ambas economías se describe utilizando varios ratios estructurales ya clásicos, y se identifican las relaciones de interdependencia dentro de cada economía calc...

This paper offers a comparative view of two regional economies: Galicia and Rexión Norte de Portugal, using the techniques of input-output analysis. The production structure of both economies is described by means of "classical" structural ratios, and the interdependency relations present in each economy are identified through the computation of se...

This paper addresses the influence of the wage bargaining decentralization process undertook in the Spanish economy since 1986 on the Galician labour market and its ability to create employment. We estimate a wage setting equation for Galicia and for the rest of Spain, and conclude that this decentralization process has implied a fundamental change...

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar cuáles son las consecuencias a corto y medio plazo de reducir el déficit público en la economía española. En concreto, presentamos los resultados que origina reducir 1 punto el porcentaje del déficit público sobre el PIB en España sobre los niveles de producción de 16 ramas productivas, el nivel de bienestar...

En los últimos años, se han publicado varios estudios que estiman el impacto del capital público sobre la productividad privada para la economía española. Las elevadas elasticidades estimadas, sobre todo al emplear series de infraestructuras públicas, suscitan dudas sobre la robustez de los valores estimados y sobre la solidez de sus implicaciones...

In this paper we show a new social accounting matrix for the Spanish economy in 1990 (SAM-90). Our starting point is a detailed evaluation of MCS-90, the social accounting matrix published in 1997 by the INE, and elaborated by a research group of the IVIE. SAM-90 put remedies to the inconsistencies detected, disaggregates foreign sector activities...

En las últimas décadas, la existencia de diferencias significativas y persistentes en las tasas de paro regionales ha fomentado un renovado interés por el estudio de las características del mercado de trabajo en el ámbito regional. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar hasta qué punto el mecanismo de determinación salarial en la industria española...