Mehrdad Sobhkhez

• UiT The Arctic University of Norway

β‐Glucans (BG) are glucose polymers which are produced in bacteria and fungi but not in vertebrate organisms. Being recognized by phagocytic leukocytes including macrophages and neutrophils through receptors such as dectin-1 and Complement receptor 3 (CR3), the BG are perceived by the innate immune system of vertebrates as foreign substances known...

Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) is the causative agent of pancreas disease (PD) in farmed Atlantic salmon. A previous study showed that vaccination of pre-smolt salmon with a plasmid encoding the structural polypeptide of SAV gave protection against infection and development of PD accompanied by production of antibodies against the virus. In the present...

a. List of primers used for RT-qPCR with SYBR Green. b. List of primers used for RT-qPCR with TaqMan. (DOCX)

Microarray data showing expression of various leukocyte marker genes. Data produced and presented as explained in Fig 1. (TIF)

A previous study showed that a plasmid expressing IFNa (pIFNa) strongly enhanced protection and antibody production of a DNA vaccine against infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) in Atlantic salmon. The vaccine consisted of a plasmid (pHE) expressing the virus hemagglutinin-esterase as an antigen. To increase the understanding of the adjuvant effec...

List of primers used in qPCR. (DOCX)

Mean fold change in expression of genes in muscle at the injection site of plasmids measured by qPCR. Transcripts levels were normalized against EF1αβ and the results are presented as fold change relative to the PBS group. Treatment groups and sampling for RNA extraction as described in Fig 3. (DOCX)

Expression of genes involved in IFN induction and IFN signalling. A. Microarray data of IRFs, STATs and JAK1. Data produced and presented as explained for Fig 3. B. Expression of IRFs and STATs in response to plasmids measured by qPCR. Treatment groups and sampling for RNA extraction as described in Fig 3. Data are presented as mean gene expression...

The SOCS proteins are regulators of JAK/STAT signaling. A number of viral infections has been associated with SOCS upregulation. Here we report that SOCS1 mRNA expression is up-regulated in salmon alphavirus (SAV3) infected TO cells, while infectious pancreatic necrosis virus infection has a negligible effect. SAV3 infected salmon showed increased...

Mammalian IRF9 and STAT2, together with STAT1, form the ISGF3 transcription factor complex, which is critical for type I interferon (IFN)-induced signaling, while IFNγ stimulation is mediated by homodimeric STAT1 protein. Teleost fish are known to possess most JAK and STAT family members, however, description of their functional activity in lower v...

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are crucially involved in the control of inflammatory responses through their impact on various signaling pathways including the JAK/STAT pathway. Although all SOCS protein family members are identified in teleost fish, their functional properties in non-mammalian vertebrates have not been extensivel...

Tyk2, a member of the Janus Kinase (JAK) family of protein tyrosine kinases, is required for interferon-αβ binding and signaling in higher vertebrates. Currently, little is known about the role of the different JAKs in signaling responses to interferon (IFN) in lower vertebrates including fish. In this paper we report the identification and charact...

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MyD88 is an intracellular adaptor protein that transmits signals downstream of immune receptors such as the IL-1 receptor and the majority of the known mammalian toll-like receptors. Homologs of MyD88 have been identified in many vertebrate species; however, the adaptor has been studied mostly in mammals, and little is known about its function in l...

MyD88 is an intracellular adaptor protein which transmits signals downstream of immune receptors such as the IL 1 receptor and the majority of the known mammalian toll like receptors (TLRs)2. Homologs of MyD88 have been identified in many vertebrate species; however, the adaptor has been studied mostly in mammals and little is known about its funct...

We recently reported that post-pneumonectomy pulmonary oedema (PPO) occurs after ventilating the remaining lung with excessive tidal volumes. Studies in small animals have indicated that nitric oxide (NO) release increases in hyper-inflated lungs, but confirmatory evidence from larger animals is still lacking. We hypothesized that PPO could be prev...

To compare the single thermodilution and the thermal-dye dilution techniques with postmortem gravimetry for assessment of changes in extravascular lung water after pneumonectomy and to explore the evolution of edema after injurious ventilation of the left lung. Experimental study. University laboratory. A total of 30 sheep weighing 35.6 +/- 4.6 kg....