Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah

Universiti Teknologi MARA (Pahang) · APPLIED SCIENCES

Aloe vera leaves (AVL), a by-product of agricultural waste, have been applied as a biosorbent for reducing Ni(II) ions in aqueous solutions. The biosorption capability of AVL powder was enhanced through chemical treatment with 0.10 M citric acid solution. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope coupled with...

Heavy metals are a major contaminant as they originate from natural and anthropogenic activities. Extremely high levels of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions in drinking water are harmful to the aquatic environment and human health. This work assessed the biosorption potential of Annona muricata L. leaf (AML) powder for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions in the batch meth...

Surface -functionalised silica networks are advanced adsorbents. They have been given much attention for treating wastewater using the adsorption technique due to the silanol reactivity, resulting in strong binding affinities towards many pollutants. This review discusses the removal of anionic azo dyes utilising various functional groups such as a...

This work presented the adsorption of Cu(II) ions using agriculture waste coming from soursop (Annona muricata L.) seeds. The chemical treatment performed on Annona muricata L. seeds was carried out using 1.0 M H 2 SO 4 solutions. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-...

A batch system investigated the application of two types of chemically modified biosorbents derived from spent grated coconut (Cocos nucifera) powder to adsorb methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The biosorbents were characterised by spectroscopic and quantitative analyses. The assessment of MB adsorption onto the investigated biosorbents w...

The feasibility of Mengkuang leaves (Pandanus atrocarpus) as a non-conventional low-cost adsorbent for the removal of an anionic dye, Reactive Orange 16 (RO16), was investigated. Among the dyes that have been commonly used in the Batik industry was reactive dye. In this study, Mengkuang leaves were chemically modified with cetyltrimethylammonium br...

A chitosan-lignin composite was prepared, characterised, and applied as an effective adsorbent to recover precious rare earth La(III) ions. The characterisation studies revealed that the chitosan-lignin composite consisted of slightly acidic groups, as both pHZPC and pH of the slurry were 6.17 and 5.47, respectively. The specific surface area of th...

In this work, a ternary composite containing a Schiff base adduct (chitosan-glutaraldehyde) along with activated charcoal (Ch-Glu/AC) was successfully prepared that contains activated charcoal with cross-linked chitosan. The Schiff base adduct was obtained by reaction of a dialdehyde bifunctional cross-linker agent (glutaraldehyde; Glu), where vari...

Sulfonated pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel biochar (SPPBC) was developed via thermal activation with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to act as a promising biochar material for the adsorptive removal of toxic cationic dye namely methylene blue (MB) dye from contaminated water. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) and numerical desirability function were adopted to o...

Growth of multivitamin tablet production increases curiosity among the researchers whether ascorbic acid (AA) content is in accordance with the standards or not. The differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) technique using bare glassy carbon electrode and phosphate buffer at pH 4.2 has been proposed to analyse the ascorbic acid conte...

Xanthated chitosan (XC) beads, an efficient adsorbent to recover precious rare earth Ce(III) ions were prepared, characterized, and applied in this study. Factors that influence the performance in adsorption of Ce(III), which were pH of the solution, stirring rate, adsorbent dosage, and contact time, were investigated. Results revealed that the opt...

In this study, the decolourisation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) was investigated by electrocoagulation (EC) batch reactor utilizing aluminium plate electrodes. POME was characterized physicochemically for colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, conductivity and turbidity. The colour of POME was observed to be dark brown of 2707 PtCo with a hi...

In this work, untreated rind of Aloe vera (URAV) was applied as an adsorbent for removing a cationic dye, methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions under batch experiments. Adsorption parameters such as pH, URAV dosage, contact time and MB concentration were varied to determine the efficacy of MB removal. MB was more favoured to be removed at pH >...

Background and Objective: This research investigated the application of three types of adsorbents derived from spent grated coconut (Cocos nucifera) powder; hexanewashed (HSGC), sulphuric acid treated (SSGC) and xanthated spent grated coconut (XSGC), to adsorb Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents were characterised by spectroscopic and qua...

Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica), an invasive, unwanted grass was used and evaluated for its applicability for the sorption of engine oil. Other than dried and ground for smaller size, no notable treatment was performed on the cogon grass. The physical and chemical properties of cogon grass were characterized by ash content, bulk density, pH slurr...

In this study, cross-linked chitosan coated bentonite (CCB) beads were prepared as a potential adsorbent to adsorb Cu(II) from aqueous solution. As adsorption capacity was affected by several conditions such as initial Cu(II) concentrations, stirring period and temperature, these parameters were important to be investigated. Three different concent...

A new adsorbent of plant waste origin from coconut processing food factory was explored for removing Ni(II) from aqueous solutions. Several parameters such as pH, dosage, concentration and contact time were studied to obtain optimum conditions for treatment of Ni(II) contaminated wastewater. Spent grated coconut (Cocos nucifera) treated with sulfur...

The Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences 2014 (RCSTSS 2014) is a biennial conference organized by Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang. Showcasing recent advancements and trends in the three major academic disciplines, namely science, technology, and social sciences, RCSTSS 2014 facilitated knowledge sharing and network...

This study evaluated the Pb(II) sorption capacities of two chemically modified biosorbents which are citric acid modified rubber leaf powder (CARL) and monosodium glutamate modified rubber leaf powder (MGRL). The raw rubber leaf powder (RLP) was modified to improve its effectiveness in removing the Pb(II) ions in an aqueous solution. CARL was prepa...

Xanthated chitosan (XC) beads synthesized from the reaction between sulphur and hydroxyl groups were applied to adsorb rare earth metal ion, Nd (III). Adsorption of Nd (III) was found to be a function of pH of initial solution, adsorbent dosage and contact time. The optimum conditions for Nd (III) adsorption were at pH 3 and adsorbent dosage of 0.0...

In this study, coconut frond treated with sulphuric acid (SACF) was used as a low-cost adsorbent in removing methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The kinetics of methylene blue (MB) adsorption onto SACF was described by applying the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic model with the latter better fitted kinetics data. FTIR ana...

The performance of rubber leaf powder treated with phosphoric acid in the removal of Acid Blue 25 (AB25) from aqueous solution was evaluated. The functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The effects of several important parameters that can affect adsorption capacities such as pH,...

The effect of physicochemical parameters on methylene blue (MB) adsorption by sulfuric acid treated spent grated coconut (SSGC) was investigated. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images showed a change in surface morphology of spent grated coconut before and after acid treatment. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer sug...

The potential of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) modified Petai Belalang (Leucaena leucocephala) leaf powder as a biosorbent for methylene blue removal from aqueous solutions was investigated. Adsorption parameters studied include initial dye concentration, pH, dosage, kinetics and isotherms. The pHzpc of chemically treated Leucaena leucocephala leaf powde...

Sulfuric acid treated Petai belalang (Leucaena leucocephala) leaf powder (SLLP) was used as an adsorbent for Pb(II) ions removal. The experimental adsorption parameters investigated include pH, dosage and initial Pb(II) concentration. Pb(II) removal was more favored at a higher adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature. Adsorption kinetics conformed to...

The low concentration of hydrogen peroxide treatment of rubber leaf powder (HPRL) was studied to determine its effect on the Pb(II) adsorption capacity from aqueous solution. Oxidation process increased the amount of carboxylic groups which serve as the active site for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions. The amount of Pb(II) adsorbed was influenced by p...

A new biosorbent, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) treated spent grated coconut (Cocus nucifera) (SSGC) showed a good ability to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Equilibrium time was achieved within 300 min for all MB concentrations, and the kinetic data was best modeled by pseudo second-order. The adsorption data fitted the Langmuir isother...

Monosodium glutamate functionalized chitosan (MSGC) beads were synthesized and used as an adsorbent for recovering precious cerium ion from aqueous solutions. Several parameters which can affect adsorption efficiency such as effect of pH and adsorbent dosage have been investigated. The optimum pH for Ce(III) adsorption was 4. The rate of Ce(III) up...

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is a hardy crop that has wide industrial applications such as insulator, paper, carpet padding, bedding and a good adsorbent for oil. This study investigated the ability of carbon disulfide (CS2) modified kenaf (CMK) to remove toxic Pb(II) from waste water. Adsorbent characterization was carried out by Field Emission Sca...

The removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by citric acid modified rubber leaf powder (CARL) was investigated. The higher adsorptive removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by CARL compared to untreated rubber leaf powder was due to the presence of more carboxylic functional groups in the former system. Batch adsorption experiments were conducte...

In order to enhance its cationic sorption capacity, untreated rubber leaf powder (RLP) was functionalized using monosodium glutamate to produce potentially biodegradable cationic sorbent. The sorption behaviors of monosodium glutamate functionalised (MGRL) against Pb (II) in a batch system are investigated. The effects of various experimental param...

In order to enhance its cationic sorption capacity, untreated rubber leaf powder (RLP) was functionalized using monosodium glutamate to produce potentially biodegradable cationic sorbent. The sorption behaviors of monosodium glutamate functionalised (MGRL) against Pb (II) in a batch system are investigated. The effects of various experimental param...

Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder was modified using a chelating agent, ethylenediaminetetaraacetic dianhydride (EDTAD) and the adsorption performance in removing methylene blue (MB) was investigated under batch mode. The EDTAD modified neem leaf powder (ENLP) was characterized by spectroscopic technique and elemental analysis. Fourier transfor...

Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder was treated with hydrogen peroxide followed by sodium hydroxide and its performance in Pb(II) removal was investigated. The characteristic of chemically treated neem leaf powder (CTNLP) was studied using Attenuated Total Reflectance Infra-red (ATR-IR) spectrometer and CHNOS Analyzer. The amount of Pb(II) adsorb...

Environmental radiation is an ionising radiation that present in the natural environment which mostly originates from cosmic rays and radionuclide agents in the environment. This may lead the population to be exposed to the radiation. Therefore, the environmental radiation needs to be observed cautiously to minimize the impact of radiation. However...

Methylene Blue (MB) is thiazine dyes that is widely used to color product in many industry such as textile, printing, leather, cosmetic and paper. Xanthogenated-Modified Chitosan Microbeads (XMCM) is used to observe the new alternative adsorbent in removing MB from water body through adsorption process. The interactions between MB and functional gr...

Chitosan–zeolite composite (CZ) adsorbent prepared from chitosan and zeolite was used to remove Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to investigate the optimum conditions for the removal of Cu(II) using CZ. The optimum conditions were later utilized in kinetic, isotherm, fixed bed column and desorption studies. T...

A new portable solar generator has been developed to generate electricity. It has the potential to replace petrol generator, widely used by peddlers at night markets (pasar malam). Conventional generators are heavy, oily, have high maintenance and use fossil fuel to generate electricity. The solar generator can generate 20 Watts of electricity. Thi...

Double crosslinked chitosan–zeolite (CZ‐2) and noncrosslinked chitosan–zeolite (CZ‐0) composites were prepared and characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, surface area analyzer, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX) spectrometer, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X‐ray diffraction...

The potential of base treated Shorea dasyphylla (BTSD) sawdust for Acid Blue 25 (AB 25) adsorption was investigated in a batch adsorption process. Various physiochemical parameters such as pH, stirring rate, dosage, concentration, contact time and temperature were studied. The adsorbent was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrophoto...

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder was modified by xanthation process and its potential in removing toxic Pb(II) ion from aqueous solutions was investigated in batch and column experiments. Pb(II) adsorption efficiency was found to be affected by several physicochemical parameters such as adsorbent dosage, shaking rate and temperature. The opt...

Various adsorbents have been used to remove different types of dyes and heavy metal ions from wastewater especially those that are harmful to mankind. Activated carbons, plant or lignocellulosic wastes, clays and biopolymers are among the common adsorbents used. Chitosan, a type of biopolymer, is a good adsorbent to remove various kinds of anionic...

Adsorption behavior of Pb(II) onto xanthated rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis ) leaf powder A plant waste, rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis ) leaf powder was modified with carbon disulfide (xanthation) for the purpose of introducing sulfur groups, and the adsorbent performance in removing Pb(II) ion was evaluated. Pb(II) adsorption was confirmed by spectrosc...

Rubber leaf powder (an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb(II) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy,...

The removal of Malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions by cross-linked chitosan coated bentonite (CCB) beads was investigated and the CCB beads were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Solubilit...

The adsorption of Ni(II) from aqueous solutions using base treated cogon grass or Imperata cylindrica (NHIC) was performed under batch and column modes. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the factors affecting adsorption such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial nickel concentration, contact time and temperature. The fixed-bed column experim...

The preparation, characterization, and environmental application of crosslinked chitosan-coated bentonite (CCB) beads for tartrazine adsorption have been investigated. CCB beads were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and Barre...

The adsorption of Cu(II) onto HCl treated rubber leaf powder (HHBL) was investigated in batch and column studies. The adsorbent was characterized by spectroscopic and quantitative analyses in order to understand the mechanism of copper adsorption. HHBL is mesoporous in nature as indicated by Bruneuer, Emmett and Teller (BET) analysis, and has vario...

BACKGROUND: This research describes the adsorption of copper ions from aqueous solutions following the modification of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaves with formaldehyde solution. The main objectives of this research were to identify the binding mechanisms of copper ions on the chemically modified rubber leaves by spectroscopic techniques and to...

The efficiency of sodium hydroxide treated rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaves powder (NHBL) for removing copper ions from aqueous solutions has been investigated. The effects of physicochemical parameters on biosorption capacities such as stirring speed, pH, biosorbent dose, initial concentrations of copper, and ionic strength were studied. The bio...

The adsorption of humic acid on crosslinked chitosan-epichlorohydrin (chitosan-ECH) beads was investigated. Chitosan-ECH beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface area and pore size analyses, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Batch adsorption experiments were carried out and optimum humic acid adsorpt...

The application of low-cost adsorbents obtained from plant wastes as a replacement for costly conventional methods of removing heavy metal ions from wastewater has been reviewed. It is well known that cellulosic waste materials can be obtained and employed as cheap adsorbents and their performance to remove heavy metal ions can be affected upon che...

The adsorption of Cu(II) ions by sodium-hydroxide-treated Imperata cylindrica (SoHIC) leaf powder was investigated under batch mode. The influence of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, shaking rate, copper concentration, contact time, and temperature was studied. Copper adsorption was considered fast as the time to reach equilibrium was 40-90 min. Seve...

The adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution by rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder (RHBL) was studied in a batch adsorption system. Characteristics of RHBL such as pH of aqueous slurry, pH of zero point charge (pHZPC), surface area and pore diameter, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron disp...

The adsorption of cadmium from aqueous solution with a plant waste particularly Lalang or Imperata cylindrica (IC) leaf powder was investigated. The effect of various operating variables mainly adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dose, adsorbent size, temperature and pH was studied. The adsorption of Cd²⁺ ions increased with increase in p...

A batch adsorption method was applied to study the adsorption of Pb²⁺ ions from aqueous solution by lalang or Imperata cylindrica (IC) leaf powder. Effect of initial lead concentration, contact time, pH of solution, temperature and adsorbent dose were also investigated. A strong dependence of adsorption capacity on pH was observed as the...

The ability of rubber or Hevea Brasiliensis (HB) leaf powder to adsorb Pb2+ from aqueous solution has been investigated through batch experiments. The Pb2+ adsorption was found to be dependent on contact time, initial Pb2+ concentration and temperature. The kinetic processes of Pb2+ adsorption onto HB leaf powder were described by applying pseudo-f...

A batch adsorption system was applied to study the adsorption of Cd 2+ ions from aqueous solution by Hevea Brasiliensis, HB leaf powder. The adsorption capacities and rates of Cd 2+ ions onto HB leaf powder were evaluated. Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to describe the isotherms and isotherms constants. Equilibrium data agreed well wit...