Md. Abu Bakar Siddique

• B.Sc.(Hons), M.S. (Thesis) in Chemistry, CU, M.Phil. (Chemistry), BUET
• Senior Scientific Officer at Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

Air pollution in megacities is a global concern. This research aimed to identify sources of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and PM2.5-bonded heavy metals in Dhaka and assess their potential health effects. An active air sampler was used to collect PM2.5, and one-fourth of it was digested in nitric/perchloric acids to analyze heavy metals using an a...

Investigating the potential of novel data mining algorithms (DMAs) for modeling groundwater quality in coastal areas is an important requirement for groundwater resource management, especially in the coastal region of Bangladesh where groundwater is highly contaminated. In this work, the applicability of DMA, including Gaussian Process Regression (...

Sonneratia apetala, a nutrient-rich mangrove fruit, presents an opportunity for innovative food product development, offering potential health benefits and economic value through the creation of jam, jelly, and pickle. This innovative invention reveals the nutritional content including vitamins and minerals of Sonneratia apetala jam, jelly, and pic...

The current study focused on thirty-nine locations in the four islands (i.e., St. Martin, Moheskhali, Kutubdia, and Sonadia) and beach (Innani Beach) along the northeast Bay of Bengal to quantify sources-orientated ecological risks of metal(loid)s. The mean concentrations of As, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Pb are 4.8, 8.7, 1.6, 1.1, and 2 times higher than ave...

The exposure of fish to heavy metals is a significant concern for human health and natural ecosystems. Despite being a critical issue, the extent of contamination in tropical fish from developing countries like Bangladesh remains somewhat unexplored. In this study, ten economically vital fish species (Osteogeneiosus militaris, Arius gagora, Harpado...

Food contamination by heavy metals is a concerning issue worldwide. The presence of elevated levels of heavy metals in commonly consumed rice has emerged as a critical issue in ensuring food safety. This research encompassed the collection of 44 rice samples, representing seven distinct varieties, through a randomized sampling approach across vario...

Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater is emerging as a significant global concern, posing serious risks to the safety of drinking water and public health. To understand the release mechanisms, mobilization processes, spatial distribution, and probabilistic health risks of As in western Bangladesh, forty-seven samples were collected and analyzed...

The global concern over microplastic (MP) contamination in diverse ecosystems is well-established, yet Nijhum Dwip Island (NDI), known for its ecological diversity, has not undergone a comprehensive study addressing the extent of MP pollution. This research aims to evaluate the spatial distribution, influencing factors, and ecological risks of MPs...

Scylla olivacea, or the mud crab, is a crucial economic contributor in Southeast Asia, notably in the coastal region of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta. This study compared the nutritional and heavy metals of fattened and wild-captured mud crabs from the southwest coastal areas of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta, focusing on proximate composition, fatty...

Agricultural soil contamination is increasing day-by-day and becoming a major problem over the globe. Trace elements accumulation in the bulk soil is frequently documented, however, there is no precise mechanism of their distribution in the different soil aggregates level. We collected twelve composite soil samples from banana fields, fallow land,...

The untreated municipal solid wastes (MSWs) dumping and improper management causes major concerns of environmental degradation and human health risks. In this study, we collected soil and vegetable from the MSWs dumpsites of Khulna City Corporation (KCC) in southwestern Bangladesh. Trace metals (Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn) were measured to...

Dried fish is a crucial protein source for coastal populations in developing countries, but it is becoming increasingly contaminated with heavy metals due to the use of traditional drying methods. This study assessed Cd, Cr, Pb, and Mn levels and their health risks in four commonly consumed dried fish species (Harpodon nehereus, Trichiurus lepturus...

Microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals (HMs) pollution pose significant environmental threats by accumulating in marine species, leading to potential health risks for marine life and humans consuming contaminated seafood. However, limited research has been conducted on the bioavailability and toxicity of MPs and HMs in the marine biota of the Bay of...

Gas fields generate a significant volume of produced water, disposed in the vicinity of gas fields in Bangladesh after processing. It may have a variety of effects on ecology and the environment. This study was conducted to assess the contamination scenario and quality of produced and discharged water from gas fields in northeastern Bangladesh. The...

Microplastics (MPs) possess a strong capacity to adsorb and biodegrade slowly, resulting in substantial harm to the environment and potential health risks. In recent years, a flourishing study of MPs has led to valuable advancements. This review article presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global microplastic pollution, providing a dee...

The quantification and prediction of particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the air are essential due to their negative impacts on human health and the environment. This study quantified PM concentrations and associated health effects at four natural gas-based power plants in Bangladesh. The measurement of PM2.5 and PM10 using the respirable dus...

The global concern over the pollution-induced by microplastics (MPs) has intensified due to its adverse effects on the environment, particularly in terrestrial ecosystems, where it poses potential threats to soil quality and resident species. However, there is a noticeable research gap regarding soil MPs in dumping sites, specifically within the Ro...

The purpose of this research work is to evaluate the degree of eight heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni) contamination and health risks of three regularly consumed vegetables (papaya, bottle gourd, and esculent) near one of Bangladesh’s busiest roadways, the Dhaka-Mymensingh highway. The heavy metal concentrations in 45 vegetable samp...

Saltwater intrusion in the coastal areas of Bangladesh is a prevalent phenomenon. However, it is not conducive to activities such as irrigation, navigation, fish spawning and shelter, and industrial usage. The present study analyzed 45 water samples collected from 15 locations in coastal areas during three seasons: monsoon, pre-monsoon, and post-mo...

Despite sporadic and irregular studies on heavy metal(loid)s health risks in water, fish, and soil in the coastal areas of the Bay of Bengal, no chemometric approaches have been applied to assess the human health risks comprehensively. This review aims to employ chemometric analysis to evaluate the long-term spatiotemporal health risks of metal(loi...

Groundwater is a significant water resource for drinking and irrigation in Satkhira district, Bangladesh. The depletion of groundwater resources and deterioration in its quality are the results of the confluence of factors such as industrialization, intensive irrigation, and rapid population growth. For this reason, this study focused on the evalua...

Water, vital for life, faces contamination threats from both natural and human-induced sources, endangering aquatic life and our well-being. As global demands increase, waste generation rises, posing environmental risks while holding untapped potential in valuable biomolecules. This paper aims to examine the profound impact of water pollution on ec...

Groundwater is an essential resource in the Sundarban regions of India and Bangladesh, but its quality is deteriorating due to anthropogenic impacts. However, the integrated factors affecting groundwater chemistry, source distribution, and health risk are poorly understood along the Indo-Bangla coastal border. The goal of this study is to assess gr...

Ethnopharmacological relevance Achyranthes ferruginea (A. ferruginea) Roxb. is a common plant used in traditional medicine in Asia and Africa. It has a variety of local names, including “Gulmanci” in Nigeria, “Dangar” in Pakistan, “Thola” in Ethiopia, and “Roktoshirinchi” in Bangladesh. It is edible and has several ethnomedical uses for a wide rang...

The objective of this study is to assess the toxicity of trace metals (TMs) and associated environmental, ecological and health risks in the gas fields located in the Sylhet region of Bangladesh. Gas well-produced water, gas field discharge water, and drinking water surrounding the gas fields were collected for analysis. This study analyzed carcino...

Water contamination undermines human survival and economic growth. Water resource protection and management require knowledge of water hydrochemistry and drinking water quality characteristics, mechanisms, and factors. Self-organizing maps (SOM) have been developed using quantization and topographic error approaches to cluster hydrochemistry datase...

Microplastics (MPs) have garnered global attention as emerging pollutants in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Despite their significance, studies on MP pollution have overlooked a biodiverse island ecosystem in the northeast Bay of Bengal. Hence, the current study is a pioneering effort to delve into this issue with the island. This research emb...

Eleven trace metals (Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, As, Pb, and Ag) in sediments of Bangladesh’s ship breaking area were measured by an atomic absorption spectrometer to determine origin, contamination extent, spatial distributions, and associated ecological and human health hazards. This study found considerable quantities of Pb, Cd, Mn, Zn, and...

Toxic metals and freshwater fish’s metalloid contamination are significant environmental concerns for overall public health. However, the bioaccumulation and sources of metal(loids) in freshwater fishes from Bangladesh still remain unknown. Thus, the As, Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations in various freshwater fish species from the Rupsha River basin we...

Soil contamination with heavy metals and metalloids is a global concern nowadays. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable way of mitigating such contamination by utilizing the plants’ ability to accumulate, sequester, and stabilize elements. Biomass-producing plants may outperform hyperaccumulators in terms of total ele...

Due to its harmful effects on ecosystems and human health, microplastic (MP) pollution has become a significant environmental problem on a global scale. Although MPs' pollution path and toxic effects on marine habitats have been examined worldwide, the studies are limited to the rare biodiversity estuary region of Hatiya Island from the northern Ba...

To study the environmental geochemistry, degree of pollution and probable ecological risks, a set of accurate and precise elemental data obtained from instrumental neutron activation analysis were evaluated for the Bhairab river sediments (southeastern Bangladesh). Elemental contents of K, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Rb, Sb, Cs, Ce, Sm, Th, and U i...

The surface properties of nanomaterials are an important consideration in most scientific and technological applications. Several methodologies can maneuver these properties while surface modification is the most common technique. Carbon Dots (CDs) are viable competitive materials for their pacific environment, chemical inertness, tunable photolumi...

Highlights • A sensor-based automated first-flush rainwater harvesting system (RHS) is developed. • Performance of RHS is studied by collecting and analyzing rainwater for its quality. • Developed low-cost RHS is found feasible in achieving a good quality potable water. • Harvested rainwater was found free from microbial contamination in the long r...

The toxic metal (Chromium, Cr) contamination in the water and soil in Gazipur industrial area, Bangladesh is highly susceptible to environmental pollution due to over population, rapid industrialization and urbanization in last decades. This study aims to examine the Cr contamination caused by the discharge of industrial wastewater and identify pot...

Tannery-effluent is one of the top-ranked hazardous waste which is generally discharged into the river. To study the fluvial response toward the tannery-effluents and to trace anthropogenic foot-prints in the fluvial-system, a suite of systematically collected sediment and water samples were analyzed for radioactive (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) and non-...

The quality of water used for irrigation is one of the major threats to maintaining the long-term sustainability of agricultural practices. Although some studies have addressed the suitability of irrigation water in different parts of Bangladesh, the irrigation water quality in the drought-prone region has yet to be thoroughly studied using integra...

Seawater intrusion is a growing concern for coastal regions in Bangladesh. Overexploitation of groundwater, low rainfall, a high rate of evaporation, rising sea level, cyclones, storm surges, and shrimp cultivation are the causes of seawater intrusion that polluted the groundwater near the coastal area. High values of EC, TDS, Na⁺, and Cl⁻ ions in...

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are plasticizers extensively used in industries and daily used products to soften Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) items. Phthalates, their occurrence, distribution, and ecological and human health effects have been studied long ago in other countries. However, the status of these compounds in Bangladesh is still unknown. To fill th...

Tobacco products are widely recognized as a major contributor to death. Cigarette smoke contains several toxic chemicals including heavy metals particulate causing high health risks. However, limited information has been available on the health risks associated with the heavy metals in cigarettes commonly sold in the Bangladeshi market. This study...

The Amphan, a super cyclone, hit the Bangladesh coast on May 20, 2020. This study conducted on the worst calamity-affected areas of southwestern coast of Bangladesh through field investigation, and Modification of Normalized Difference Water Index, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index analysis. The study disclosed that most of the areas were...

Buriganga is an economically important river located around the industrialized urban area of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. In this study, 17 water quality parameters (electrical conductivity, pH, total suspended solids, temperature, F⁻, Cl⁻, SO4²⁻, Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Hg, Cu, Pb, Fe, Mn, and Zn) of surface and deep waters of the Buriganga River were measured...

Concentration, source, ecological and health risks of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were estimated for water and sediment samples of two urban rivers namely Buriganga River (BR) and Dhaleswari River (DR). The mean concentration of ∑PAHs in BR water and sediment were 9619.2 ngL−1 and 351.6 ngg−1, respectively. Furthermore, the aver...

The coastal areas of Bangladesh have poor accessibility to fresh drinking water and the groundwater is not suitable for drinking, cooking, and other domestic uses due to high levels of salinity and potentially toxic elements. The current study focuses on understanding of the distribution of some physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, EC, TDS,...

Heavy metal pollution in marine ecosystems is an escalating environmental concern, largely driven by anthropogenic activities, and poses potential threats to ecological health and human well-being. This study embarked on a comprehensive investigation into the concentrations of heavy metals in sediment samples and evaluated their potential ecologica...

Groundwater and soil contaminated with arsenic (As) are significant environmental health concerns worldwide and have become a serious health issue for millions of Bangladeshis. This contaminated groundwater is commonly used for Boro rice production during the dry season in Bangladesh, leading to long-term As deposition in soils. The consequences of...

বাংলাদেশের প্রথম মিনারেল ওয়াটার উৎপাদন পদ্ধতি উদ্ভাবন

The sustainability of agricultural practices is seriously threatened by the quality of water used for irrigation. This paper aims to evaluate the suitability of irrigation water and identify the region suitable for agricultural use in the Haor basin of Bangladesh using conventional irrigation indices such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), percent s...

Heavy metal(loid)s inputs contribute to human and environmental stresses in the coastal zones of Bangladesh. Several studies have been conducted on metal(loid)s pollution in sediment, soil, and water in the coastal zones. However, they are sporadic, and no attempt has been made in coastal zones from the standpoint of chemometric review. The current...

The clay soil of Bangladesh is typically low in soil organic carbon (SOC) and generally has poor soil aggregate stability (measured as mean weight diameter, MWD). The addition of organic amendments in the field has the potential to increase soil organic matter (SOM) and MWD. However, the influence of organic amendments on ag-gregation in the clay s...

Considering the health risks originating from the exposure of metal(loid)s in tap-water and the concomitant vulnerability of school-going students, 25 composite tap water samples from different schools and colleges of central Bangladesh (Mirpur, Dhaka) were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopic technique. Elemental abundances of Na, Mg, K, Ca...

Being a resourceful ecosystem, mangrove estuaries have always been subjected to trace elements (TEs) contamination, and therefore, the biomonitoring approach holds immense potential for surveilling the aquatic environment. To investigate the potentiality of mangrove macroalgae as biomonitors, estuarine water, intertidal-sediment, and macroalgal sam...

This study constructed the phytochemical profiles of Adenostemma lavenia (L) methanol extract (MEAL) and investigated its anti-nociceptive, anti-diarrheal, antipyretic, thrombolytic and anthelmintic effects. The GC-MS characterized MEAL had undergone an in vivo antipyretic effect assayed on Swiss albino mice adopting the yeast-induced pyrexia model...

Toxic element accumulation in the surrounding soils of the advanced industry- and agriculture-oriented areas may lead to severe environmental degradation and harmful impact on inhabitants. This work examined the concentration of some concerned toxic elements (Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, As, and Ni) in the representative topsoil from 10 industrially contaminate...

Tannery sludge, heavy metals (HMs) enriched hazardous solid waste, is produced extensively in many regions of the world. Even though the sludge is hazardous, it can be considered a material resource, if organic matter and HMs in the sludge can be stabilized to minimize its negative environmental impacts. This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy...

In this study, two types of biofloc cultivated fishes (n=10) namely Anabas testudineus and Oreochromis niloticus, used water (n=6), and commercial fish feeds (n=5) from Dhaka, Bangladesh were collected and analyzed for 11 metals.The contamination level and bioaccumulation of metals to different organs of fishes were also determined. Inductively Cou...

Urban rivers in Asian developing countries are becoming increasingly polluted due to industrialization and lacking treatment of wastewater. We investigated toxicity and likely sources of pollutants for the urban Shitalakshaya River, Bangladesh. Physiochemical variables and heavy metals were examined in water and sediment of an urban river section i...

The clay soil of Bangladesh is typically low in soil organic carbon (SOC) and generally has poor soil aggregate stability (measured as mean weight diameter, MWD). The addition of organic amendments in the field has the potential to increase soil organic matter (SOM) and MWD. However, the influence of organic amendments on aggregation in the clay so...

The status of PAH in the urban areas of Bangladesh is not known. For the first time, this study investigated concentration , spatial distributions, likely sources and potential toxicities of PAHs. 13 PAH compounds were analyzed in RDS (dust) and NS (soils) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). PAHs were enriched in relatively high molecu...

This study measured the salinity in the surface water, groundwater, and soils of the southwestern coast of Bangladesh to illustrate the changes in vegetation patterns of the area by NDVI values through RS and GIS. The top soils are found more saline than the sub-soils, and the salinity decreased with soil depths mostly towards the river's flow path...

In Dhaka megacity (Bangladesh), lakes located in the most exclusive areas are considered crucial urban water bodies. However, these water sources are confronting a heavy load of organic and inorganic pollutants by anthropogenic activities and are being polluted continuously. In this review , 50 relevant published documents on the lake water of Dhak...

Elemental contamination in cosmetics is a serious health concern as it can pose a cumulative effect on the user’s body over a long period. The prime motive of the study was to assess the concentration of 10 concerning chemical elements (Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn) in imported and local lipsticks and eye pencil samples collected from...

This work aimed to determine the level of some toxic elements (As, Cr, Cd, and Pb) in the water of the Rupsha River, Bangladesh, concerning their potential dangers to human exposure. The elemental concentrations (mg/L) were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer and found to decrease in the order of Cr (0.041) > Pb (0.029) > As (0.004) > C...

The COVID-19 era has profoundly affected everyday human life, the environment, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Despite the numerous influences, a strict COVID-19 lockdown might improve the surface water quality and thus provide an unprecedented opportunity to restore the degraded freshwater resource. Therefore, we intend to investigate the spa...

An emerging concern of today's world, due to their universal dispersion worldwide, is the environment's microplastic pollution. The Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove, have unique and dynamic environmental settings with numerous pollution risk exposures, including microplastics (MPs). Thus, the present study has focused on the MP pollution in...

The scarcity of freshwater in most of the megacities in the world is an important concern. In this regard, scientifically harvested rainwater could provide an effective measure to this crisis. In this attempt, we developed a cost-effective sensor-based automated first-flush rainwater harvesting system (RHS) to improve the freshwater scarcity and ec...

Considering the increasing demand for edible oil in recent times, their price in the world market is becoming skyrocketing. In this research, we produced cost-effective edible oil from desilked silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) applying a facile acid fermentation process, for the first time. The extraction was performed using two different types of orga...

An anthropogenically less affected transboundary river (Punarbhaba, Bangladesh) was studied to detect associated risks from the combined origin(s) of geochemically and toxicologically significant elements in benthic sediments. A total of 30 river bed sediments were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis targeting the 15 chemical eleme...

Development of efficient and environmentally benign materials is important to satisfy the increasing demand for energy storage materials. Nanostructured transition-metal oxides are attractive because of their variety in morphology, high conductivity, and high theoretical capacitance. In this work, the nanostructured MnO2 was successfully fabricated...

Arsenic (As) poisoning in groundwater has become one of the greatest environmental concerns around the world. In this study, As concentration in the groundwater samples (depth: 52–70 m) of southwestern Bangladesh was evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) to know the current status, possible source(s), and probable health risk of As....

Currently, a total of about 15,000 tons/day of waste is generated in the entire Dhaka city with an average per capita waste generation of 0.641 kg/day. Only 37% of this waste is collected and dumped into the two sanitary landfill sites, which is the only waste management system in Dhaka. To investigate the impact of landfill leachate of Amin Bazar...

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been successfully prepared using Cocos nucifera leaf extract and their antimicrobial, antioxidant and photocatalytic activity investigated. The structural, compositional and morphological properties of the NPs were recorded and studied systematically to confirm the synthesis. The aqueous suspension of NPs sho...

This study has been conducted on an anthropogenically less influenced transboundary river (Atrai: Indo-Bangladesh) to comprehend the inherent geochemistry and identify potential elemental sources. In doing so, across the Bangladeshi portion, 30 river-bed samples were culled and studied by neutron activation analysis to quantify the abundances of 15...

In this study, elemental abundances of As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the 30 composite sediment samples from Jamuna River, Bangladesh were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer to assess their pollution level, toxicity, and ecological risks in both summer and winter season. In summer, mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, and...

Groundwater from the coastal alluvial plain is the primary water source in coastal areas. Its contaminants, such as nitrate and fluoride, are significant concerns for freshwater supply and human health issues. Although spatiotemporal variability of nitrate and fluoride levels has been analyzed individually in the Indo-Bangladesh coastal region, the...

Indexical assessment coupled with a self-organizing map (SOM) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling of toxic metal(loid)s in sediment and water of the aquatic environment provides valuable information from the environmental management perspective. However, in northwest Bangladesh, indexical and modeling assessments of toxic metal(loid)s...

Metal/loid pollution from shipwrecking activities has drawn significant concern due to their persistent threat to the marine ecosystem and human health. We investigated the spatiotemporal distribution, pollution characteristics, risks, sources, and potential impact of metal/loids in the sediments and seafood in the Bay of Bengal at nearby open beac...

Currently, groundwater meets around 98% of overall fresh water supply demand in Bangladesh. It is normally consumed without prior treatment, and therefore, contaminant monitoring is necessary in order to guarantee its safety. The groundwater is present throughout the country, but the quantity (such as water-storage depletion) and quality (such as s...

Current work focus on microplastic (MPs) occurrence in the water, sediment, and aquatic species (fish, crab, and snail) of the Buriganga River, Bangladesh, with an ecological risk assessment perspective. It also includes the distribution of MPs in different river ecosystem segments and the presence of heavy metal (loid)s (HMs) in water, sediments,...

The concentrations of eleven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, As, and Ag) were assessed in both groundwater and seawater collected from the ship-breaking industrial area of Bangladesh using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The investigation aimed to estimate the water quality and pollution level employing several indices, and its...

The south Asian megacity, Dhaka (capital of Bangladesh) encounters drastic water pollution resulting mainly from anthropogenic factors. Consumption of such polluted water distributed to residents by pipelines can trigger health risks. Therefore, this study investigated the public health vulnerability associated with dissolved metal(oid)s in tap wat...

Trace elements containing untreated municipal solid waste discharged from improper management impose serious environmental and human health risks. In this work, the extent of trace elements (As, Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, Zn) pollution in the soils and some common vegetables/food crops grown in the municipal solid waste dumping sites in southwestern Banglades...

Rice consumption is one of the major cadmium (Cd) exposure routes for human. Bangladeshi people have historically subsisted on a rice-based diet; however, only a few reports have investigated Cd accumulation by different rice cultivars in Bangladesh. This study was designed to investigate the uptake and accumulation of Cd in different rice cultivar...

Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze is an ethnomedicinally important plant that has long been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including dyspepsia, abdominal pain, colic, allergies, inflammation, and rheumatic arthritis. However, the scientific framework underlying these medicinal properties is not well known. This study aimed...

Microplastic is considered as threat to the terrestrial environment. This study analyzed microplastics contamination in four different agricultural farmlands using stereomicroscopic and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) analysis. Total 32 samples were collected and analyzed for microplastics contamination in farmland. About 22 MPs particles (size: 1-5 mm) h...