Md. Saiful Islam

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• MS in Microbiology (BAU), DVM (BAU)
• PhD student in Animal Biology at University of California, Davis

In the past decade, there has been a notable rise in foodborne outbreaks, prominently featuring Escherichia coli as a primary pathogen. This bacterium, known for its prevalence in foodborne illnesses and as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance, was isolated from raw vegetables, soil, and water samples collected from rooftop and surface gardens i...

Enterococcus faecalis is known for its ability to form strong biofilms and its role as an opportunistic pathogen. In this study, we screened and characterized a multidrug‐resistant (MDR) and strong biofilm‐forming E. faecalis isolate obtained from a shrimp sample to determine its genetic diversity, molecular epidemiology, and underlying factors ass...

Salmonellosis is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella species and is one of the most common causes of diarrhoea in small ruminants, including goats. This chapter focuses on the issue of salmonellosis in goats and its impact on both animal and human health. The chapter provides an overview of the epidemiology of salmonellosis in goats, includi...

Enterococcus faecalis are often resistant to different classes of antibiotics, harbor virulence determinants and produce biofilm. The presence of E. faecalis in raw seafood exhibits serious public health significance. This study aimed to identify antibiotic resistance patterns and virulence factors in biofilm-forming E. faecalis strains extracted f...

Reverse zoonosis or zooanthroponosis is the transfer of pathogens from humans to animals. Although less studied than zoonotic diseases, this phenomenon poses significant risks to both animal and public health. The increasing human-animal interactions driven by urbanization, globalization , and environmental changes have exacerbated the occurrence o...

Objectives Citrobacter freundii is a prevalent source of nosocomial infections and a well-known cause of diarrheal diseases. In recent years, it has also become increasingly resistant to various antimicrobials. In this study, we screened and characterized a multidrug-resistant (MDR) C. freundii isolate obtained from a domesticated diseased duck to...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important zoonotic pathogen associated with a wide range of infections in humans and animals. Thus, the emergence of MRSA clones poses an important threat to human and animal health. This study is aimed at elucidating the genomics insights of a strong biofilm-producing and multidrug-resistant...

Soil microbiome science, rapidly evolving, predominantly focuses on field crop soils. However, understanding garden soil microbiomes is essential for enhancing food production sustainability in garden environments. This study aimed to unveil the bacteriome diversity and composition in rooftop garden soils (RGS) and surface garden soils (SGS) across...

Monkeypox (Mpox), a zoonotic disease similar to smallpox, is caused by the monkeypox virus and transmitted to humans via infected animals or contaminated materials. Human-to-human transmission occurs through respiratory droplets or contact with infected bodily fluids and objects. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, and a rash, with seve...

We announce the sequence of the Escherichia coli MTR_GS_S1457 strain isolated from a soil sample of a vegetable gardening system for the first time in Bangladesh. With a length of 4,918,647 bp, this strain contained one plasmid, two CRISPR arrays, 54 predicted antibiotic resistance genes, and 81 predicted virulence factor genes.

This study announces the genome sequence of the Shigella flexneri MTR_GR_V146 strain isolated from a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) sample in Bangladesh. This strain has a 4,624,521 bp genome length (coverage: 73.07×), 2 CRISPR arrays, 1 plasmid, 52 predicted antibiotic resistance genes, and 53 virulence factor genes.

Milk-borne bacterial zoonoses are a significant public health concern, as they can cause various diseases in humans and have the potential to spread rapidly through contaminated milk and milk products. This book chapter aims to provide an overview of milk-borne bacterial zoonoses, which are transmitted to humans through the consumption of contamina...

We announce a genome sequence of Citrobacter freundii MTR_GS_V1777 strain isolated from a vegetable sample in Bangladesh. This strain had a genome size of 4,997,753 bp (58.7× genome coverage) and contained two plasmids, typed as sequence type ST124, 38 predicted antibiotic resistance genes, and 77 predicted virulence factor genes.

Reports indicate that vegetables are becoming a source of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including Escherichia coli. Here, we present genome sequences of five MDR E. coli strains to assist future genomic analysis of this bacterium. These E. coli strains were isolated from vegetable samples of different gardening systems in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

We announce the genome sequence of the Citrobacter portucalensis BAU_133-2 strain isolated from a domestic duck. Our assembled genome contained a length of 4.8 Mb, 110.0× genome coverage, 51.91% of an average GC content, 1 plasmid, 1 CRISPR array, 8 prophages, 27 antibiotic resistance genes, and 75 virulence factor genes.

This study announces the sequence of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli MAHK_SCM_BAU_30A strain isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis milk in 2022 in Bangladesh. Our assembled genome had a length of 4,884,948 bp, three plasmids, two CRISPR arrays, five prophages, 51 predicted antibiotic resistance, and 72 predicted virulence factor genes.

We announce the genome sequence of the Staphylococcus gallinarum MTR_B001 strain isolated from the breast muscle of a chicken in 2022 in Bangladesh. This assembled genome had an estimated length of 2,889,393 bp (with 50× genome coverage), 15 contigs, 36 predicted antibiotic resistance genes, and 27 predicted virulence factor genes.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), also known as antibiotic resistance, is a global health crisis. Many people die from diseases caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. Artificial intelligence (AI) involves creating computer systems that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, de...

This report describes the genome sequence of the Staphylococcus gallinarum BAU_KME002 strain isolated in Bangladesh in 2021 from a chicken egg surface. Our assembled genome had 50 contigs, an estimated genome length of 2,866,882 bp (with coverage of 90.0×), 36 predicted antibiotic resistance genes, and 28 predicted virulence factor genes.

This report describes the genome sequence of the Staphylococcus gallinarum BAU_KME002 strain isolated in Bangladesh in 2021 from a chicken egg surface. Our assembled genome had 50 contigs, an estimated genome length of 2,866,882 bp (with coverage of 90.0×), 36 predicted antibiotic resistance genes, and 28 predicted virulence factor genes.

This announcement provides the genome sequence of the biofilm-forming methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MTR_V1 strain isolated from a ready-to-eat food sample in Bangladesh. Our assembled genome had a length of 2.8 Mb, 27 contigs, two CRISPR arrays, 38 predicted antibiotic resistance genes, and 66 predicted virulence factor genes.

Pathogenic, antibiotic-resistant, and biofilm-forming bacteria can be transferred to humans through the consumption of contaminated seafood. The present study was carried out to determine antibiotic resistance profiles and virulence determinants in biofilm-forming Enterococcus faecium isolated from seafood in Bangladesh. A total of 150 seafood samp...

Here, we sequence and analyze a biofilm-forming strain of Enterococcus faecalis BAU_Ef01 isolated from a shrimp in Bangladesh. The whole genome of the strain had a length of 2,862,301 bp, 38 contigs, an average G+C content of 37.36%, 80.0× genome coverage, and 35 predicted antibiotic resistance and virulence genes each.

Birds, especially wild waterfowl and migratory birds have the potential to carry antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but their role in the dissemination of these resistant pathogens is still neglected in Bangladesh. To the best of our knowledge, this study was carried out for the first time in Bangladesh to isolate and determine the occurrence of multid...

Enterococci are commensal bacteria that inhabit the digestive tracts of animals and humans. The transmission of antibiotic-resistant genes through human–animal contact poses a potential public health risk worldwide, as zoonoses from wildlife reservoirs can occur on every continent. The purpose of this study was to detect Enterococcus spp. in rhesus...

We sequenced a multidrug-resistant strain of Citrobacter freundii, 132-2, isolated from a cloacal swab sample of a domestic duck. The whole genome of the C. freundii 132-2 strain had a length of 5,097,592 bp, 62 contigs, two plasmids, and an average G+C content of 51.85%, with a 105.0× genome coverage.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Citrobacter freundii poses a serious challenge as this species is one of the sources of nosocomial infection and causes diarrheal infections in humans. Ducks could be the potential source of multidrug-resistant (MDR) C. freundii; however, AMR profiles in C. freundii from non-human sources in Bangladesh have remaine...

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of small ruminants that is highly contagious, severe, reportable, and economically important. The present study was conducted to detect the PPR virus (PPRV) circulating in sheep in Bangladesh to determine its association with epidemiological risk factors and the degree of relationship between the...

Bacterial vaccines have become a crucial tool in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in poultry. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming have led to the development of AMR, which is a growing public health concern. Bacterial vaccines are alternative methods for controlling bacterial diseases in poultry, reducing the need for a...

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of the Peste des Petits Ruminant (PPR) virus (PPRV) in sheep populations and to determine the potential epidemiological risk factors associated with this infection. Between October 2014 and March 2017, 2420 sheep serum samples were collected from ten selected PPR outbreak-prone d...

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli has been linked to both life-threatening hospital- and community-acquired infections across the globe. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prevalence of ESBL in E. coli isolated from humans, animals, and environments in Bangladesh. Following the...

Fish has always been an integral part of Bengali cuisine and economy. This study aimed to inquisite the distribution of virulence, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from wild and cultivated fish in Bangladesh. A total of 115 samples (48 wild and 67 cultured) were collected from different markets in the M...

Citrobacter freundii is a prevalent source of nosocomial infections and a well-known cause of diarrheal diseases, and in recent years, it has also become increasingly resistant to a variety of antimicrobials. In this study, we screened and characterized a multidrug-resistant (MDR) C. freundii isolate obtained from a domesticated diseased duck to be...

Some Vibrio species can cause food-borne diseases in humans, including cholera, vomiting, septicemia, and gastroenteritis, which are associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood products. The study was conducted to detect antimicrobial-resistant Vibrio species in shrimp and shrimp environments in Bangladesh. Samples of shrimp (n = 50), w...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health issue in Bangladesh like many other developing countries where data on resistance trends are scarce. Moreover, the existence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli exerts an ominous effect on the poultry sector. Therefore, the current systematic review, following the Preferred Rep...

The eradication of staphylococcal infections has become more difficult due to the development of antibiotic resistance and virulence in biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of the life-threatening zoonotic pathogen, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), in foods indicates a public health issue. This study, therefore, aimed to deter...

Shigellosis, caused by Shigella spp., is one of the major public health problems in Bangladesh. The present study was carried out to isolate and determine the occurrence of Shigella spp. from fecal materials of cattle, pet animals, and migratory birds that travel to Bangladesh. The isolates were also screened to detect their antibiotic resistant ph...

This study was designed to identify Enterococcus faecalis from clinical mastitis of cattle and determine their antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants to evaluate their potential public health significance. A total of 105 composite milk samples (80 from cattle with clinical mastitis and 25 from apparently healthy cattle) were analyzed....

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently spreading worldwide. The pandemic has already had significant adverse effects on human civilization, the environment, and the ecosystem at national and global levels. Moreover, the various sectors of the food production chain, p...

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious disease that causes significant economic loss in chickens. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh to determine the seroprevalence of IBD virus (IBDV) antibodies in backyard chickens and their association with different epidemiological risk factors. A tota...

Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus in foods poses a potential concern for public health and food safety. Therefore, the present study was conducted to detect biofilm-producing S. aureus from foods and human hand swabs using phenotypic and genotypic assays. In this study, S. aureus was detected in 23.81% (100/420) of samples, and among them,...

Staphylococcus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen. The ability of S. aureus to produce biofilm is a significant virulence factor, triggering its persistence in hostile environments. In this study, we screened a total of 420 different food samples and human hand swabs to detect S. aureus and to determine their biofilm formation ability. Samples an...

Staphylococcus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen. The ability of S. aureus to produce biofilm is a significant virulence factor triggering its persistence in hostile environments. In this study, we screened a total of 420 different food samples and human hand swabs to detect S. aureus and to determine their biofilm formation ability. Samples ana...

Background Colibacillosis, caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), is one of the most significant infectious diseases affecting poultry worldwide. Objective This study was aimed to determine the genomic diversity, virulence factor genes (VFGs) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the APEC MTR_BAU02 strain isolated from layer ch...

Staphylococcus aureus is a major food-borne pathogen. The ability of S. aureus to produce biofilm is considered to be a significant virulence factor triggering its persistence under hostile environments. To determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various different food source in...

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli cause severe health hazards. Migratory birds are reservoirs and transmitters of many pathogens including ESBL-producing E. coli. To examine migratory birds as potential carriers of ESBL-producing E. coli and E. coli-carrying antibiotic resistance genes, 55 PCR-positive E. coli isola...

Many of the Vibrio spp. are major public health concerns globally. Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are the etiology of pandemic and epidemic diarrhea and foodborne illness, respectively. Poultry has the potential to harbor pathogenic Vibrio spp., which can have a detrimental impact on public health if they are transmitted to humans. We,...

Background Colibacillosis, caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), is one of the most significant infectious diseases affecting poultry worldwide. APEC is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity associated with significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Objective This study was aimed to determine the genomic dive...

This review was focused on global data analysis and risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 from different countries, including Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Central Eastern Europe, Egypt, India, Iran, Pakistan, and South Asia, Africa, Turkey and UAE. Male showed higher confirmed and death cases compared to fem...

Background The new coronavirus, named the severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 originated in China and spread to other countries and continents causing a variety of respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms that led to death in severe cases. Scope and...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella in poultry poses a serious human health threat as it has zoonotic importance. Poultry is often linked with outbreaks of Salmonella-associated foodborne illness. Since antimicrobials are heavily used in poultry in Bangladesh, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella is quite frequently found there. MDR Salmon...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global pandemic of the century. The disease is wreaking havoc on human health, the world economy, society, and the environment. It has already caused the loss of millions of lives. Because of the mutation, the virus is constantly evolving...

Background Enterococcus faecium is a ubiquitously distributed member of the intestinal microbiota of both humans and animals. Antibiotic resistant E. faecium are a major public health concern. Objectives This study aimed to detect multi‐drug resistant (MDR) E. faecium and their antibiotic resistance genes from broiler chickens in Bangladesh. Meth...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emergence in commensal and pathogenic bacteria is a global health issue. House flies (Musca domestica) are considered as biological and mechanical vectors for pathogens causing nosocomial infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and t...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major health crisis globally. Migratory birds could be a potential source for antibiotic resistant (ABR) bacteria. Not much is known about their role in the transmission of ABR in Bangladesh. In this study, a total of 66 freshly dropped fecal materials of migratory birds were analyzed. Bacterial isolation and ide...

Objective: Fast foods are often responsible for staphylococcal foodborne illness. The present study was carried out to isolate Staphylococcus spp. from various fast foods sold in Mymensingh and to determine their antibiogram. Materials and Methods: Overall, 60 samples of fast foods sold in different restaurants were screened by culture, biochemical...

Multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella spp. poses significant global public health concern by causing food-borne infections. This study aimed to detect MDR Salmonella spp. from healthy and diseased broiler chickens in the Mymensingh and Jamalpur districts of Bangladesh. Total 70 samples comprising feces (n=20), chicken meat (n=30), and visceral organ...

This is the whole genome of out APEC isolate MTR_BAU01 Features Annotated :: Gene; CDS; rRNA; tRNA; ncRNA; repeat_region Genes (total) :: 7,374 CDSs (total) :: 7,287 Genes (coding) :: 3,791 CDSs (with protein) :: 3,791 Genes (RNA) :: 87 rRNAs :: 3, 4, 3 (5S, 16S, 23S) complete rRNAs :: 2 (5S) partial rRNAs :: 1, 4, 3 (5S, 16S, 23S) tRNAs :: 69 ncRN...

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique that is based on the principle of using DNA polymerase against double-stranded DNA to generate a copy of new/modified DNA strands. This book focused on different types and applications of PCR. This book is planned for undergraduate and postgraduate students who want to learn the PCR glimpse and its pri...

Migratory birds are carriers of multidrug resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli. However, their roles in the dissemination of these resistant pathogens are still being neglected in Bangladesh. The present study was therefore carried out to detect multidrug resistant E. coli. In addition, these isolates were also screened for the presence of avian p...

Background: Duck viral enteritis, commonly known as duck plague (DP), is an acute and contagious fatal disease in ducks, geese, and swans caused by the DP virus (DPV). It poses a serious threat to the growth of duck farming in the Haor (wetland) areas of Bangladesh. Aim: This study aimed to detect the circulating DPV by molecular characterization,...

Diseases caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp. can negatively impact turkey farming. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli and Salmonella spp. in healthy and diseased turkeys. A total of 30 fecal samples from healthy turkeys and 25 intestinal samples from diseased turkeys that die...

Poultry farm could be potential source for antibiotic resistance bacteria. Present study was designed to determine total load of viable bacteria, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. in different components of poultry farm environments; followed by detection of their antibiogram. A total of 75 samples of six different types (po...

COVID-19 caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in Wuhan (Hubei province, China) during late 2019. It has spread across the globe affecting nearly 21 million people with a toll of 0.75 million deaths and restricting the movement of most of the world population during the past 6 months. COVID-19 bec...

Most humans are in contact with animals in a way or another. A zoonotic disease is a disease or infection that can be transmitted naturally from vertebrate animals to humans or from humans to vertebrate animals. More than 60% of human pathogens are zoonotic in origin. This includes a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites, an...

Objectives: The present study estimated the seroprevalence of avian reovirus (ARV) infections in backyard chickens of the Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Considering several risk factors, a total of 460 serum samples were collected from backyard chickens from eight Upazilas of the Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Blood s...

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes significant economic losses in poultry industries. Here, we determined for the first time in Bangladesh, the prevalence of APEC-associated virulence genes in E. coli isolated from layer farms and their antibiotic resistance patterns. A total of 99 samples comprising internal organs, feces, and air wer...

To detect antibiotic-resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli in house flies, a total of 300 house flies were collected from various environmental settings such as areas close to hospitals, food centers around the hospital-adjacent areas, dustbins and dairy farms located in Mymensingh city. The isolation and identification of E. coli were performed ba...

The world searching for hope has already experienced a huge loss of lives due to COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 started in Wuhan, China. There are speculations that climatic conditions can slowdown the transmission of COVID-19.Findings from the early outbreak indicated the possible association of air temperature and relative humidity in COVID-19 occ...

Objectives: Migratory birds play a major role in the transmission of pathogens globally, but still their role in the transmission of fungi in Bangladesh is not known. The present study was carried out for the isolation and molecular detection of fungi including Aspergillus from migratory birds traveling to Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A total...

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported as a worldwide emergency. Due to the extensiveness of spread and death, it has been declared as a pandemic. This review focused on the current pandemic situation and understanding the prevention and control strategies of COVI...