Md Rezaul Karim

University of Birmingham · Birmingham Law School

Within a few decades of participating in the global apparel value chain, Bangladesh has jumped up to become the second biggest apparel producer in the world. But increasing competition from the South and South-East Asian rivals and continuous reduction of the cheap labour advantage have been offering it the biggest challenges ever to stay competiti...

The international fragmentation of production in global value chains (GVCs) is arguably one of the most important factors shaping international trade today. It challenges the way we look at the global trade. Trade in intermediates, trade in task and trade in services comprise majority of the international trade. More and more products are now 'Made...

Transparency, one of the basic pillars and fundamental norms of a well-functioning trading system, is increasingly seen as an inevitable tool in the governance of international trade. Without transparency, trade agreements are just words on paper. Transparency allows economic actors and trading partners to see how rules are implanted, reformed and...

There is hardly any single principle of copyright law that is more basic or more often repeated than the so-called idea-expression dichotomy. Some commentators who have studied the dichotomy in the greatest detail have criticized it, arguing that continued recognition of the dichotomy is neither justified nor helpful in deciding cases. Yet the doct...

International human rights law is going through another evolutionary cycle with the development of the new and emerging rights (NER). But the creation of new human rights or shaping of the emerging ones are a very long, tortuous and complex procedure, spanning over decades and involving conflicting interest of different international actors. Most o...

The Market Economy Investor Principle (MEIP) is one of the most fundamental precepts of European state aid law. It is a useful tool at the disposal of the European Commission to assess whether in any given situation state aid might exist. Member states also use it to ensure compliance in funding commercial firms, whether public or private. With con...

The recent revelations of intensive mass surveillance led by the United States of America (USA) along with the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, Canada and many other established democracies have moved the tectonic plate of the internet regulatory structure. Lacks of efficiency of the current regulatory regimes and failure to protect trust and intere...