Md. Nazrul Islam

Rapid industrialization and urbanization significantly contribute to air pollution in China. Essential constituents of air pollution are fine and coarse particulate matter which are the total mass of aerosol particles with aerodynamic diameters smaller than ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤10 μm (PM10), respectively. These particles may cause severe health eff...

A skillful prediction of precipitation has great value, particularly for regions that suffer from water stress. In this study, we assess the potential predictability and skill of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and Saudi-KAU models in their simulation of precipitation over the Arabian Peninsula during spring (March–May) for the period 1...

This paper assesses the skill of the Saudi-King Abdulaziz University coupled ocean–atmosphere Global Climate Model, namely Saudi-KAU CGCM, in forecasting the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related sea surface temperature. The model performance is evaluated based on a reforecast of 38 years from 1982 to 2019, with 20 ensemble members of 12-mont...

In this study, combined Dark Target and Deep Blue (DTB) aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD 550 nm) data the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) flying on the Terra and Aqua satellites during the years 2003-2020 are used as a reference to assess the performance of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Services (CAMS) and the secon...

have participated (farmers: 200 and fishermen: 250). Survey results show that most of the farmers (65.5%) and fishermen (76.8%) think that the construction of upstream barrages caused harm to them. The majority of farmers and fishermen feel water scarcity, mainly in the dry season. We found that a large number of participants in the study area are...

Rapid industrialization and urbanization along with a growing population are contributing significantly to air pollution in China. Evaluation of long-term aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from models and reanalysis, can greatly promote understanding of spatiotemporal variations in air pollution in China. To do this, AOD (550 nm) values from 2000 to...

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are important atmospheric trace gases for determining air quality, human health, climate change, and ecological conditions both regionally and globally. In this study, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), total column nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were used from 2005 to 2020 to id...

This paper presents projected changes in extreme temperature and precipitation events by using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) data for mid-century (2036–2065) and end-century (2070–2099) periods with respect to the reference period (1985–2014). Four indices namely, Annual maximum of maximum temperature (TXx), Extreme heat wav...

We evaluate the performance of a large ensemble of Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) over South America for a recent past reference period and examine their projections of twenty-first century precipitation and temperature changes. The future changes are computed for two time slices (2040–20...

The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) dataset is used to examine projected changes in temperature and precipitation over the United States (U.S.), Central America and the Caribbean. The changes are computed using an ensemble of 31 models for three future time slices (2021–2040, 2041–2060, and 2080–2099) relative to the reference...

This paper presents the changes in projected temperature and precipitation over the Arabian Peninsula for the twenty-first century using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) dataset. The changes are obtained by analyzing the multimodel ensemble from 31 CMIP6 models for the near (2030–2059) and far (2070–2099) future periods, wi...

We analyze data of 27 global climate models from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), and examine projected changes in temperature and precipitation over the African continent during the twenty-first century. The temperature and precipitation changes are computed for two future time slices, 2030–2059 (near term) and...

Knowledge of aerosol size and composition is very important for investigating the radiative forcing impacts of aerosols, distinguishing aerosol sources, and identifying harmful particulate types in air quality monitoring. The ability to identify aerosol type synoptically would greatly contribute to the knowledge of aerosol type distribution at both...

Our recent study entitled “Projections of Precipitation and Temperature over the South Asian Countries in CMIP6” published in “Earth Systems and Environment” on 26th May 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-020-00157-7 This study got rapid attention by the print and electronic media (TVs, Newspapers, Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube) due to its fin...

Our recent study entitled “Projections of Precipitation and Temperature over the South Asian Countries in CMIP6” published in “Earth Systems and Environment” on 26th May 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-020-00157-7 This study got rapid attention by the print and electronic media (TVs, Newspapers, Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube) due to its fi...

The latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) dataset was analyzed to examine the projected changes in temperature and precipitation over South Asian countries during the twenty-first century. The CMIP6 model simulations reveal biases in annual mean temperature and precipitation over South Asia in the present climate. In the hist...

This study explores the seasonal to inter-seasonal and regional changes in temperature (and related uncertainties) over the Arabian Peninsula, by using the multi-model ensemble from the Couple Models Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The seasonal temperature c...

The objective of this paper is to present how the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multi-model datasets might be used to calculate drought indices for Saudi Arabia. Widely used drought indices such as the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) are constructed and analyzed using obse...

This study discusses the interannual variability of the summer (June–August) season surface air temperature (SAT) over the Arabian Peninsula and its relationship to the global circulation patterns under the influence of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). A composite analysis based on the above (below) normal summer SAT over the Arabian Peninsula...

This study investigates the aerosol optical properties over Bangladesh using Terra MODIS-based collection 06 (DT and DB) aerosol optical depth (AOD), ozone monitoring instrument (OMI)-based aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD), emission database for global atmospheric research (EDGAR) measured black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC), and moder...

Saharan cyclones are an important feature of the seasonal spring climate of Saudi Arabia. It was found in an objectively tracking scheme that of 688 Sahara tracks, 53 of them reached Saudi Arabia during the period 1958–2018. Two distinct regions of cyclogenesis are identified: the first is Area A (Algeria, in particular, south of the Atlas Mountain...

The main concern of the paper is to provide a joint combination of probability distribution function, intensity–duration–frequency curves, and innovative trend templates under the climate change impact for better assessment of water resources systems design. The main purpose is to take currently employed approach in the design of water structures w...

The present study is carried out to determine the trends in changes in temperature at Dhaka and Khulna divisions in Bangladesh using non parametric Mann-Kendall test for the period 1960-2015. Temperature is considered as one of the most important climatic variables in terms of climate change. Results show increasing trends in all monsoon seasons (p...

This paper investigates the main sources and features of the Mediterranean synoptic cyclones affecting the basin, using the cyclone tracks. The cyclones’ tracks are identified using sea level pressure (SLP) from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for the period 1956–2013. The identified cyclones are classified into two categories: basin affected and bas...

Correction to: Earth Syst Environ (2017) 1:12 DOI 10.1007/s41748-017-0012-z

Projections of temperature and precipitation with low uncertainties are key parameters to climate change-related studies.

This paper examined the level of uncertainties in precipitation and temperature simulations by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) over the Arabian Peninsula.

Durations of monthly precipitation wet and dry spells are calculated using historical records and regional climate model (RCM) simulations for the Wadi Al-Lith basin in western Saudi Arabia. The characteristics of durations of wet and dry spells are based on the 50% risk level corresponding to the monthly records for average regional precipitation....

A new version of the Community Land Model (CLM) was introduced to the Saudi King Abdulaziz University Atmospheric Global Climate Model (Saudi-KAU AGCM) for better land surface component representation, and so to enhance climate simulation. CLM replaced the original land surface model (LSM) in Saudi-KAU AGCM, with the aim of simulating more accurate...

Future trends in the occurrence of heat waves (HW) over Pakistan have been presented using three regional climate models (RCMs), forced by three different global climate models (GCMs) runs under RCP8.5 scenarios. The results of RCMs are obtained from CORDEX (Coordinated Regional climate Downscaling EXperiment) database. Two different approaches for...

A new coupled global climate model (CGCM) has been developed at the Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research (CECCR), King Abdulaziz University (KAU), known as Saudi-KAU CGCM. The main aim of the model development is to generate seasonal to subseasonal forecasting and long-term climate simulations. The Saudi-KAU CGCM currently includes two...

The influence of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) on tropical cyclone formed in the Bay of Bengal was examined, using 314 months (November 1981-December 2007) of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Optimum Interpolation version 2 weekly mean SST data. The study area was from 5.5 21.5ºN to 80.5 95.5°E; with a total 272 grid points at...

The current study presents the future projection of temperature and precipitation based on ensemble from Couple Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) at seasonal and annual time scales over the Arabian Peninsula. Various analysis methods and techniques including spatial plots with robustness analysis, line plots with likelihood spread, and bar pl...

Groundwater reservoirs are important water resources all over the world. Especially, they are of utmost significance for arid and semi-arid regions, and therefore, a sustainable exploitation of these reservoirs needs to be ensured. The natural and most exclusive water supplier to groundwater reservoirs in Saudi Arabia is rainfall, which is characte...

An ensemble from different climate projections is essential for attaining robust climate change information in a particular region. To achieve this purpose, the results of an ensemble combining the Global Climate Models data from Couple Model Intercomparison Project 3 (CMIP3), have been employed for the Arabian Peninsula region. Different analysis...

The performance of a regional climate model RegCM4.3.4 (RegCM4) in simulating the climate characteristics of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has been evaluated. The simulations carried out in this study contribute to the joint effort by the international regional downscaling community called Coordinated Regional climate Downscaling E...

Ensemble from different climate projections is essential for attaining robust climate change information in a particular region. To achieve this purpose, the results of ensemble combining the Global Climate Models data from Couple Model Intercomparison Project 3 (CMIP3), has been employed for the Arabian Peninsula region. Different analysis methods...

Many severe thunderstorms of tornadic intensity were reported in the northwestern parts of Bangladesh during 30 August to 14 September, 2008. Two among them occurred at Nilphamari and Kurigram districts on 30th August, and at Nilphamari district on 3rd September. The tornadic storms are studied based on a field survey, surface data, radar and satel...

The Nor'westers (severe thunderstorms) that form over northeast India and adjoining Bangladesh region during the pre-monsoon season of 2008 are studied employing observations from ground based radar, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and synoptic stations. Subsequently, an attempt is made to simulate the storms using Weather Research and F...

In order to find out the optimal setting for downscaling the Coupled Model Inter Comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) database, this study describes the most suitable domain, convection and land-surface schemes within Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4) over the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) domain. The activity is carried out in complian...

This paper establishes and analyses the principal circulation patterns in and around Saudi Arabia (domain: 10°E– 70°E; 5°N–40°N) based on the dailymean sea-level pressure (MSLP) 0.75° × 0.75° gridded data derived from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) re-analysis ERA-Interim for the period 1979–2012. Association of the...

The Nor'westers (severe thunderstorms) that form over northeast India and adjoining Bangladesh region during the pre-monsoon season of 2008 are studied employing observations from ground based radar, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and synoptic stations. Subsequently, an attempt is made to simulate the storms using Weather Research and F...

A climatic regionalization of Saudi Arabia that aims to classify the country into several homogenous groups is carried out, by grouping similar long-term climatological features for precipitation and air temperature. Twenty-seven stations are selected across Saudi Arabia for the analysis and 1985–2010 (26 years) is chosen as the common period. The...

Long-term changes in seasonal temperature extremes based on daily data across Saudi Arabia for the period 1981–2010 are analysed by assessing the trends for the four conventional seasons. Surface observations of daily maximum and minimum temperatures from high-quality datasets at 27 stations are used as the input. The trend throughout each season i...

Over the last few decades, weather and climate extremes have become a major focus of researchers, the media and general public due to their damaging effects on human society and infrastructure. Trends in indices of climate extremes are studied for the South Asian region using high-quality records of daily temperature and precipitation observations....

Abstract This work identifies a total of 1,992 cyclone tracks over the East Mediterranean region using six hourly sea level pressure fields taken from National Center for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis for the period 1958–2010. A classification method is developed to classify the lon...

In characterizing the patterns of climate change across Saudi Arabia, several extreme indices are calculated from station values daily maximum and minimum temperature data. The trend analyses are performed on 13 annual extreme indices for Saudi Arabia, using observations from 27 surface stations with high-quality data for the period 1981-2010. RCli...

We study the possible effects of urbanization on the rise of air temperature in Saudi Arabia for the period 1981-2010. The effects of variations in elevation and marine temperature on the air temperature trend are also investigated. Surface air temperature data are analyzed for 24 sites which are mostly located at the airports across the country. T...

The interannual rainfall variability derived from the 22 Global Climate Model (GCM) simulations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) for the duration 1979–2000 is analysed and compared with the gridded observed dataset over the Arabian Peninsula. The annual cycle of the rainfall derived from these m...

Arc shaped precipitation systems are classified to know their seasonal and regional variation in Bangladesh. In this study, six-year (2000-2005) radar data are used from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Arc shaped precipitation systems are classified as symmetric type precipitation system (STPS), asymmetric type precipitation system (ATPS)...

In and around Bangladesh (88.05°-92.74°E and 20.67°-26.63°N) a number of MCSs developed during the monsoon seasons that produce heavy precipitation in this region. Due to the lack of observational data, simulation of MCSs is one of the ways to understand its growth and development mechanism. Bearing this in mind, mesoscale regional model (MM5) of t...

The statistical relationships among the various 10°–70°E mid‐latitude blocking anticyclone parameters and the weather of the Arabian Peninsula (AP) (35°–60°E, 12°–32°N) over a 40‐year period (1968‐2007), on seasonal, interannual, decadal and long‐term scales, are studied. The studied parameters include the number of blocking anticyclone events, the...

South Asia covers more than 30° of latitude with weather observation stations situated from 6 °N at Galle, Sri Lanka, to 36 °N at Chitral in Pakistan. Moreover, the South Asian station network ranges in altitude from sea level to nearly 4000 m above sea level. This paper uses time series of 11 objectively defined indices of daily temperature extrem...

Meteorological drought events occur in Bangladesh are diagnosed using monthly rainfall and mean air temperature from the surface observations and Regional Climate Model (RegCM) by calculating Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for the period 1961–1990. The historical records of drought event obtained fro...

We investigate the dust radiative forcing and its feedback on the Arabian Peninsula’s wet season climate using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics- Regional Climate Model (ICTP-RegCM4). We have found that the dust plumes exert a negative (positive) radiative forcing at the surface (top of the atmosphere) by reducing incoming solar radi...

Attempts are made to study the seasonal climatology of the Arabian Peninsula, including the regional to station level information for Saudi Arabia for the period 1979-2009. The wet (November to April) and dry (June to September) season rainfall and temperature climatology are obtained from various data sources, namely, surface observations, CPC Mer...

The rainfall and temperature climatology over the Arabian Peninsula are analysed on an annual basis using various gridded datasets. For Saudi Arabia, the area of which represents almost 80% of the Peninsula, the climatic datasets from its 27 ground observations are analysed for the period 1978–2009, with additional gridded datasets used to describe...

Regional Climate Model of version 3 (RegCM3) was driven with Emissions Scenarios A2 of ECHAM4 at 0.54°×0.54° horizontal grid resolution in two parameterizations: Grell scheme with Arakawa–Schubert (GAS) and Fritch–Chappell (GFC) assumptions. The simulated rainfall and mean surface air temperature were calibrated and validated against ground-based o...

Intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) of rainfall during the summer monsoon season (June–August) and its plausible effect on interannual variation (IAV) of total summer monsoon rainfall over Bangladesh are examined using daily rainfall data from 25 rain-gauge stations for 20 years (1981–2000). Submonthly scale (7–25 days) ISO is a dominant mode of summer...

Regional and seasonal variations of precipitation systems are studied to understand the monsoonal rainfall in Bangladesh using Bangladesh Meteorological Department S-band weather radar Plan Position Indicator scans data and National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis data. Precipitation systems are divided into arc-, line- and scattere...

The drought events are diagnosed from the monthly rainfall data of Bangladesh Meteorological Department over Bangladesh using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) during 1961-1990. The historical records of drought event obtained from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistical and International Disaster Database are used to verify the SPI results. SPI is c...