Md Anzar Alam

School of Unani Medical Education and Research (SUMER) · Medicine

Diffuse Hair Loss (DHL) is characterized by excessive hair loss from the scalp without bald spots, inflammation, or scarring, resulting from a disruption in the hair growth cycle. In the Unani system, this condition is termed i h-Sh ' , with historical insights from scholars like Dioscorides, Ibn M sw yh, and b Sī , who identified poor production o...

COVID-19: Causes, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment is a simple guide to COVID-19 for all readers to give a thorough perspective about the disease. It comprehensively covers information about SARS-CoV-2 biology, clinical treatment and associated problems. It starts with key introductory topics such as COVID-19 epidemiology and viral biology. N...

Background: Apium graveolens Linn. is one of the oldest medicinal plants which used since ancient time in Unani System of Medicine for the disease of gastrointestinal tract which acts as antispasmodic and carminative activity. The aim of this study was to determine the antispasmodic activity of A. graveolens in Guinea Pigs Ileum against acetylcholi...

Background and objective: Obesity (Siman e Mufrat) is defined as deposition of excess adipose tissue mass and increased body weight. As per National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) in 2015-16, India's obesity doubled in last 10 years. The prevalence of obesity is higher among the urban than rural, high socioeconomic states and in south India from 199...

Unani system of medicine (USM) is a complete system, encompassing all aspects and all fields of medical care; from nutrition, drug and hygiene to psychiatric treatment. It traditionally uses various techniques including diet, herbal drugs, manipulative therapies, surgery, etc. Thousands of plant-origin drugs as single or compound formulations...

Context: Hyperthyroidism, Kasrat-e-Ifraz-e-Darqiyya in Unani medicine, is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. Its clinical features are excessive sweating, heat intolerance, increased bowel movements, a voracious appetite, insomnia, tremors, palpitations, and a rapid pulse. Objecti...

Background: Drug addiction, or substance abuse disorder, has a long history. The use of a drug that causes dependence has been used in various religious and tribal initiation ceremonies. Currently, recreational use or peer modelling leads an individual to substance abuse. The magnitude of the problem of addiction increases multifold in the presenc...

Objectives Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed invasive non-skin malignancy in women worldwide, and it is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in them. Nigella sativa Linn. seed oil has been found to be effective in cancer treatment as well as having anti-cancer properties in some other types of cancers. The study looked into the syn...

Out of many disease conditions suffered by mankind since ancient ages, Migraine holds a significant position. It is derived from the word “hemi-crania” and is a type of primary headache. This disease is mentioned in the ancient scriptures dating back to the Mesopotamian era. It has been documented by Hippocrates (460–377 BC) in his treatise, furthe...

Objectives: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common diabetes complication. The prevalence of neuropathy is 55% for type 1 and 66% for type 2 diabetes. In Unani medicine neuropathy is known as Khidr (numbness). It is treated with drugs possessing hypoglycemic and analgesic properties, etc. Habb-e-Asab, a polyherbal Unani formulation used f...

Objectives Majoon-e-Seer Alvi Khan, a compound Unani formulation, has been indicated in disease conditions simulating dyslipidemia. The present study was done to substantiate the efficacy of Majoon-e-Seer Alvi Khan (MSAK) in dyslipidaemia on scientific parameters. Methods A randomized, single-blind, Standard controlled, clinical trial was carried...

Oxy+ is a natural source of arthrospira found in nature, used as a dietary supplement and manufactured in Aruba for lifefactors. Arthrospira contains good quality of proteins, sulfated polysaccharides, γ-linoleic acid, along with an array of carotene and phytopigments, vitamins, and minerals which are reported to be antioxidant, immunomodulator, an...

The COVID-19 pandemic gripped 193 countries including certain territories, though the disease started in Wuhan city China on 17 th November 2019 as pneumonia of unknown origin linked to its seafood market, the China health authorities reported it as on 31 st December 2019. The coronavirus responsible for the disease is a novel stain observed in hum...

Out of many disease conditions suffered by mankind since ancient ages, Migraine holds a significant position. It is derived from the word “hemi-crania” and is a type of primary headache. This disease is mentioned in the ancient scriptures dating back to the Mesopotamian era. It has been documented by Hippocrates (460–377 BC) in his treatise, furthe...

Objectives Hypothyroidism is the most common disorder arising from hormone deficiency. It frequently affects women than men. The prevalence of overall hypothyroidism has been reported to be 4.8–11%. Levothyroxine is the treatment of choice for all types of hypothyroidism. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ba...

Objectives Hypothyroidism is the most common disorder arising from hormone deficiency. It frequently affects women than men. The prevalence of overall hypothyroidism has been reported to be 4.8–11%. Levothyroxine is the treatment of choice for all types of hypothyroidism. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ba...

Abstract Objectives Hypothyroidism is the most common disorder arising from hormone deficiency. It frequently affects women than men. The prevalence of overall hypothyroidism has been reported to be 4.8–11%. Levothyroxine is the treatment of choice for all types of hypothyroidism. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and sa...

Objectives Majoon-e-Seer Alvi Khan, a compound Unani formulation, has been indicated in disease conditions simulating dyslipidemia. The present study was done to substantiate the efficacy of Majoon-e-Seer Alvi Khan (MSAK) in dyslipidaemia on scientific parameters. Methods A randomized, single-blind, Standard controlled, clinical trial was carried...

Objectives: Majoon-e-Seer Alvi Khan, a compound Unani formulation, has been indicated in disease conditions simulating dyslipidemia. The present study was done to substantiate the efficacy of Majoon-e-Seer Alvi Khan (MSAK) in dyslipidaemia on scientific parameters. Methods: A randomized, single-blind, Standard controlled, clinical trial was carried...

The holistic Unani medicine is fundamentally different from the reductionist conventional medicine. It asserts the self-integration amongst its basic disciplines, without considering them underlying principles of Unani system of medicine cannot be understood. The diagnosis, selection of drugs, and plan of treatment is also overlooked. Unani scholar...

Unani system of medicine, although originated in Greece, is one of the recognized systems of medicine in India. They are regarded as the safest medical systems. However with the scientific ethos everything is rejected or accepted in the light of available clinical data only. Hence, to create pharmacovigilance, program for ASU drugs become essential...

COVID-19 is the most recently discovered coronavirus infectious disease and leads to pandemic all over the world. The clinical continuum of COVID-19 varies from mild illness with non-specific signs and symptoms of acute respiratory disease to extreme respiratory pneumonia and septic shock. It can transmit from animal to human in the form of touch,...

Hippocratic doctrine of four humors and qualities is implicated to be a pioneer of modern endocrinology because of the concept of dyscrasia. Imbalance in humors causes disease. Unani scholars were aware of endocrinological disorders like endocrinologic syndrome (i.e., association of amenorrhea and galactorrhoea in a non-pregnant woman), castration,...

The pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of Humma-e-Wabai were described several years ago in the Unani System of Medicine close to the clinical manifestation associated with epidemic or pandemic situations. In the Unani System of Medicine, Humma-e-Wabai described under the legend of epidemic disease (Amraz-e-Wabai). Amraz-e-Wabai is an umbrel...

Unani system of medicine, although originated in Greece, is one of the recognized systems of medicine in India. They are regarded as the safest medical systems. However with the scientific ethos everything is rejected or accepted in the light of available clinical data only. Hence, to create pharmacovigilance, program for ASU drugs become essential...

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), viral diseases continue to rise, and pose a significant public health problem. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is close to Amraz-e-Wabai (epidemic diseases) which was described by Hippocrates...

COVID-19 is the most recently discovered coronavirus infectious disease and leads to pandemic all over the world. The clinical continuum of COVID-19 varies from mild illness with non-specific signs and symptoms of acute respiratory disease to extreme respiratory pneumonia and septic shock. It can transmit from animal to human in the form of touch,...

Oxy+ is a natural source of arthrospira found in nature, used as a dietary supplement and manufactured in Aruba for lifefactors. Arthrospira contains good quality of proteins, sulfated polysaccharides, γ-linoleic acid, along with an array of carotene and phytopigments, vitamins, and minerals which are reported to be antioxidant, immunomodulator, an...

Unani system of medicine is based on the hu-moral theory postulated by Hippocrates, according to him the state of body health and disease are regulated by qualitative and quantitative equilibrium of four humours. Amraz-e-Waba is an umbrella term which is used in Unani medicine for all types of epidemics (smallpox, measles, plague, Hameer Saifi, inf...

Unani system of medicine is based on the humoral theory postulated by Hippocrates, according to him the state of body health and disease are regulated by qualitative and quantitative equilibrium of four humours. Amraz-e-Waba is an umbrella term which is used in Unani medicine for all types of epidemics (smallpox, measles, plague, Hameer Saifi, infl...

In Unani System of Medicine, humours (Akhlat) play a vital role in maintenance of health; imbalance of their proportion either qualitative or quantitative can cause disease. Akhlat refers to the body fluids under a wider perspective in the Unani Medicine, which also encompasses fluids designated as hormones by the Modern Medicine. Akhlat (humours)...

Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome caused by thyroid hormone deficiency due to reduced production, deranged distribution, or lack of effects of thyroid hormone. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in developed countries is around 4-5%, whereas it is about 11% in India, only 2% in the UK, and 4·6% in the USA. It is more common in women than in men....

Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder, affects women more frequently, and incidence increases with age. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in developed countries is around 4-5%, whereas, in India, it is about 11%. The common symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults are weight gain, fatigue, lethargy, cold intolerance, constipation, change in...

Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder, affects women more frequently, and incidence increases with age. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in developed countries is around 4-5%, whereas, in India, it is about 11%. The common symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults are weight gain, fatigue, lethargy, cold intolerance, constipation, change in...

Background and objectives: Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder.Type 2 diabetes accounts for the vast majority of around 92% of the population worldwide. Long term hyperglycemia leads to macro and microvascular complications. Oxy+ is a nutraceutical capsule which contains mainly Arthrospira (spirulina). Most of the diabetic people use it. Hence...

Aim:'Itrifal-e-Sagheer', a compound Unani formulation has been indicated in disease conditions simulating dyslipidemia. The present study was done to substantiate the efficacy of 'Itrifal-e-Sagheer' in dyslipidemia on scientific parameters. Materials and methods: A randomized, single blind, controlled, clinical trial was carried out on 30 patients...

Background and objectives Diabetes is a serious threat to global health that respects neither socioeconomic status nor national boundaries. Globally, diabetes is among the top 10 causes of death. Unani system argued the effectiveness of several anti-hyperglycemic drugs, and all such drugs looked-for to be validated on scientifically. Hence a clinic...

Hypothyroidism (Qillat-e-Ifraz-e-Darqiyya) is a condition where the thyroid gland is underactive and unable to produce enough thyroid hormone. The description of hypothyroidism as a disease is not directly found in Unani texts. However, the signs and symptom of hypothyroidism resemble the clinical manifestation associated with Su-e-Mizaj Barid Madd...

About 80 percent of the world population is using herbs for medicinal purposes. The whole plant and some time the particular parts of the plants are used because of the specific quality of that parts. Different parts of plants like roots, seeds, fruits, flower and their storage organs like bulb, corm, tuber, rhizome, tuberous root and pseudo bulbs...

Inflammation is the symptom of many diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Many side effects are associated with the Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) used as conventional treatment for these conditions. In Unani, there are large number of single and compound drugs for inflammatory conditions. One dosage form of Unani s...

Kidney is the main excretory organ of the body responsible to excrete the waste, undesirable and toxic substances out of the body. A number of drugs are excreted out of the body through kidney, thus it always remains in direct contact with substances of aversive nature which make it susceptible to toxicity and injury as some substances have inheren...

About 80 percent of the world population is using herbs for medicinal purposes. The whole plant and some time the particular parts of the plants are used because of the specific quality of that parts. Different parts of plants like roots, seeds, fruits, flower and their storage organs like bulb, corm, tuber, rhizome, tuberous root and pseudo bulbs...

Kidneys are one of the vital organs of body which carry out several important roles in regulating the normal body functions. Its major role is formation of Baul (urine) and execute water and salt balance, and release of hormone. Excess use of antibiotics (chiefly aminoglycosides), NSAIDS and anti-tubercular drugs damage the kidneys. Renal failure i...

Aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) (Ziabetus Shakri) is a common metabolic disease affecting 150,000,000 people worldwide. Despite the recent advancements in management of Diabetes its relative co-morbidities and mortality is ever increasing globally. Unani scholars had claimed the effectiveness of several anti-diabetic drugs in the classical texts in th...

Malankholia (Melancholia) has been defined as a disorder in which the mental functions are deranged and the afflicted person is more prone towards constant grief, fear and dubious aggression and the ability to analyze and interpret things is grossly affected as enunciated by Jalinus (Galen) quoted by Zakaria Razi (850-923 A.D) in his world renowned...

Sulphur is a non metal element which commonly known as Gandhak. It occurs in the nature in the form of pure sulphur, sulphides and sulphates. It plays an imperative role for the maintains of health as skin, connective tissues, muscles, bones, teeth and hair, also control the metabolic process which is a key factor for the body. In nutritious substa...

Biskhapra (Trianthema portulacastrum Linn.) belongs to the family Aizoacae. It is an annual herb found in tropical and sub tropical region and almost throughout the India as a weed in cultivated and wastelands. Biskhapra is a well notorious drug in Unani system of medicine for its extensive use in urinary system as diuretic (Mudirre Baul), in ascit...

Biskhapra (Trianthema portulacastrum Linn.) belongs to the family Aizoacae. It is an annual herb found in tropical and sub tropical region and almost throughout the India as a weed in cultivated and wastelands. Biskhapra is a well notorious drug in Unani system of medicine for its extensive use in urinary system as diuretic (Mudirre Baul), in ascit...

Ghiza (diet) is one of the vital necessities of life. During prehistoric period m ost of the peopl e considered diet only to satisfy their hunger pangs, but with the advent of medical science and preventive or co mmunity medicine, people began to realize the dietary importance as it play s a key role to maintain health and recover from various ailm...

Aqer Qerha (Anacyclus pyrethrum DC.), family Asteraceae is a perennial, procumbent herb, native to north Africa and Arab countries and in India it is found in Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir and North India. In Unani System of Medicine it is an effective remedy for the treatment of a variety of diseases. The plant roots are reported for muhallil-e-awr...

The importance of Shoneez may be gauged from the fact that it cures every disease except; death as stated by blessed messenger of Islam. Worldwide Shoneez has been subjected to so much of scrutiny and exploitation as to its phyto chemical constituents. Shoneez commonly known as black seed (Kalonji) belongs to the family of Ranunculaceae. Seeds are...

Sulphur is a non metal element which commonly known as Gandhak. It occurs in the nature in the form of pure sulphur, sulphides and sulphates. It plays an imperative role for the maintains of health as skin, connective tissues, muscles, bones, teeth and hair, also control the metabolic process which is a key factor for the body. In nutritious substa...

Kameela or Kamala is a well known Unani drug which is being used as medicament from centuries for the treatment of Amraze Jildiya (skin disease) by Unani Physicians and also mentioned their medicinal efficacy in Unani Classical text. It is widely scattered perennial shrub or small tree in tropical and subtropical region regions with an altitude bel...

Background: Bronchial asthma is a major public health concern, affecting 100-150 million people worldwide and accounts for an estimated 1,80,000 deaths per year. Its incidence is swiftly escalating in India. Unani medicine is augment with many single and compound drugs, which own potential effects to cure the disease, but these formulations are not...

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the commonest and severe form of muscular dystrophy seen in male. Genetically DMD is an X-linked recessive disorder which caused by mutations in the giant dystrophin gene. Slow and progressive muscle weakness start presenting soon after the age of 3 years. Severe weakness and wasting occurs in proximal muscles o...

Elva is described in the Unani literature in the name of Sibr which is scattered throughout the world. During 1550 BCE the Ebers Papyrus describe the healing benefits of aloe for both internal and external conditions. Internally used for the cure of digestive system, including Qabz (constipation), Zofe Ishteha (Loss of appetite), Qarhae Medi (pepti...

For thousands of years, the seeds, oils, extracts and whole plant whole of. Kalonji (Nigella sativa) has been used as an anticancer agent by Unani, Ayurveda and the Chinese system of medicine that has originated from the Arab, India, Bangladesh and China, respectively. Unani literature is full of indications of Kalonji for numerous diseases; Es...

The concept of Iksir-e-Badan (Elixir) in Unani System of Medicine dates back to time immemorial and the connotation itself derived from an Arabic word "Al-Iksir". Some selected advia (single & compound drugs, either plant, animal or mineral origin) are described under its caption. Iksir-e-Badan (Aab-e-Hyat/Maddat-ul-Hayat/Rasayana/Elixir) is define...

T'ah'lab is an Arabic word that means a green substance floating on the surface of the water, commonly known as algae/spirulina. Spirulina is a photosynthetic, filamentous, spiral-shaped, multicellular and green-blue microalga. There are many species of spirulina, mainly two: Spirulina maxima and Spirulina platensis, which are used for medicinal p...

T'ah'lab is an Arabic word which means a green substance float on the surface of water, commonly known as algae/spirulina. Spirulina is a photosynthetic, filamentous, spiral-shaped, multicellular and green-blue micro alga. There are many species of spirulina, mainly two: Spirulina maxima and Spirulina platensis, which are used for medicinal purpose...

Cancer patients are especially exploring the use of complementary and alternative medicine, because of the high risk of mortality and long-term morbidity associated with surgical procedures of cancer management and the high side effects of chemotherapy. Sartan is an Arabic word that means crab (cancer). According to Unani (Greco-Arab), the medicine...

Piper cubeba known as Kabab Chini in Unani Medicine, belongs to the family Piperaceae, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and this herb is mentioned in traditional Unani texts as an effective remedy for Renal disorder, Gonorrhoea, Leucorrhoea, Fever, Rheumatism, Diabetes etc. It was found that the qualitative phytochemical study...

Humanity has been solely dependent on plant materials for treating day to day ailments since time immemorial and endures till date. Many herbal drugs are extensively being validated to explore its use. One such potent herb Saussurea lappa belongs to Compositae family which is traditionally identified as an effective plant known for its therapeutic...

Plant origin drugs play very important role in the prevention and treatment of diseases and it becomes popular day by day due to its low cost and less side effect. Unani medicine is an oldest system of traditional medicines, in which 80% plant origin drugs are used. Gulnar (flower of Punica granatum Linn) is very important drug which has been used...

Plants are one of the most important sources of medicine. Today a large number of drugs in use are derived from plants. The important advantages claimed for therapeutic uses of medicinal plants in various ailments are their safety being economical, effective and their easy availability. Because of these advantages medicinal plants have been widely...

Diabetes Mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin, causing abnormalities of carbohydrates, proteins & lipid metabolism and significant disturbances of water and electrolytes. According to WHO worldwide prevalence of Diabetes mellitus was estimated to...

Massage is one of those terms, which are easily understood then expressed. Throughout the history massage has been used not only by sick but also by the healthy people for therapeutic, restorative as well as preventive purposes. Massage is probably one of the oldest healing therapies known to mankind. The message of massage is universal: you can us...

Antioxidants are substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules known as free radicals; free radicals damage may lead to cancer and other diseases. Some of the example of antioxidants are like β-carotene, lycopene, Vit. C, E & A and other substances which are found in variety of fruits, vegetables, algae (spirulina)...

According to Unani (Greece) concept, Simn-e-Mufrit (obesity) is defined as a condition in which there is increase of ratoobat (wetness) and baroodat (coldness) in the body and qillat-e-harkate A'za (slow movements of organs) due to excessive accumulated fat and cold temperament i.e. the person becomes lazy and dull, In other words, Khilte Balgham (...

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperaminoacidemia, and hypoinsulinemia that leads to reduction in both insulin secretion and insulin action. Several natural products have been isolated and identified to restore the complications of diabetes. Spirulina is a naturally occurring freshwater cya...