Maxime Lefrançois

• Doctor of Engineering
• Professor (Associate) at Mines Saint-Étienne

The vast growth and digitalization potential offered by the Internet of Things (IoT) is hindered by substantial barriers in accessibility, interoperability, and complexity, mainly affecting small organizations and non-technical entities. This survey paper provides a detailed overview of the landscape of IoT programming platforms, focusing specifica...

The European Union's initiative on European data spaces aims to support innovation and economic growth by facilitating secure, interoperable data sharing across key sectors such as health, energy, and mobility. Within European data spaces, high priority is given to adherence to FAIR data principles. Thus, data and services should be findable, acces...

SmartM2M; Smart Applications; Reference Ontology and oneM2M Mapping

The Smart Applications REFerence Ontology (SAREF) defines a modular set of versioned ontologies that enable semantic interoperability between different Internet of Things (IoT) vendor solutions across various IoT industries. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute Specialist Task Force (ETSI STF) 578 recently completed the “Specificatio...

The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is subject to numerous regulations and standards that govern the design, construction, and maintenance of buildings and infrastructure. These regulations often involve complex language and technical jargon, which can be difficult to understand and apply in practice. Semantisation, or th...

Enables designers and manufacturers to manage real-world energy performance and expectations by covering a range of potential scenarios and challenges Energy Smart Appliances provides utilities and appliance manufacturers and designers with new approaches to better understand real-world performance, assess actual energy benefits, and tailor each t...

Resources on the Web are identified by Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), and can be accessed using web protocols such as HTTP. A resource can have several representations varying along a set of dimensions, forming a set of variants. Content negotiation (CN) is the mechanism for selecting the appropriate variant that conforms to a set of preferen...

L’ingénierie logicielle a toujours eu une grande influence dans l’ingénierie des ontologies. Cet article a pour objectif d’identifier ces influences pour certains des grands thèmes de l’ingénierie logicielle moderne : 1. Ingénierie des besoins ; 2. Modèles de cycle de vie du développement logiciel ; 3. Modularisation ; 4. Patrons ; 5. Environnement...

L’ouverture et l’accessibilité du Web a largement contribué à son adoption à l’échelle mondiale. L’identifiant uni forme de ressource (URI) est la pierre angulaire de l’identification des ressources sur le Web. Une ressource sur le Web peut être décrite de nombreuses façons, ce qui peut rendre difficile pour un utilisateur de trouver une représenta...

Les ressources sur le Web sont identifiées par des identificateurs uniformes de ressources (URI). Chaque ressource peut avoir plusieurs représentations la décrivant, que nous appelons variantes. Un utilisateur (client) souhaitant une représentation particulière de cette ressource fait une requête à son URI avec un ensemble de contraintes. La négoci...

The openness and accessibility of the Web has contributed greatly to its worldwide adoption. Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) are used for resource identification on the Web. A resource on the Web can be described in many ways, which makes it difficult for a user to find an adequate representation. This situation has motivated fruitful research...

Actors in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Owner and Operation (AECOO) industry traditionally exchange building models as files. The Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology advocates the seamless exchange of all information between related stakeholders using digital technologies. The ultimate evolution of the methodology, BIM M...

https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103600_103699/103673/01.01.01_60/ts_103673v010101p.pdf The present document defines the development framework for the SAREF ontology [1] and its extensions (referred to in a general way in the present document as SAREF projects) based on the ETSI forge. The development framework defines the different workflows...

The present document presents SAREF4EHAW, an extension of SAREF for the eHealth/Ageing-well Domain.

Cet article présente le contexte et les objectifs du projet ANR nommé Constrained Semantic Web of Things (CoSWoT). CoSWoT a pour objectif de proposer une architecture logicielle distribuée compatible WoT et embarquée sur des dispositifs contraints. Cette architecture a deux caractéristiques principales : (1) elle utilisera des modèles de connaissan...

Latest version: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4syst/ Permanent IRI for this version (v1.1.2): https://saref.etsi.org/saref4syst/v1.1.2/ ETSI Technical Specification: http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103500_103599/103548/01.01.02_60/ts_103548v010102p.pdf Sources on the SAREF Forge: https://saref.etsi.org/sources/saref4syst/ SAREF v3.1.1 is a refer...

Latest version: https://saref.etsi.org/core/ Permanent IRI for this version (v3.1.1): https://saref.etsi.org/core/v3.1.1/ ETSI Technical Specification: https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103200_103299/103264/03.01.01_60/ts_103264v030101p.pdf Sources on the SAREF Forge: https://saref.etsi.org/sources/saref-core/ The Smart Applications REFerence o...

The listing and automatic detection of ontology pitfalls are crucial in ontology engineering. Existing work mainly focused on detecting pitfalls in stand-alone ontologies. Here, we introduce a new categorization of ontology pitfalls: stand-alone ontology pitfalls, pitfalls in versioned ontologies and, pitfalls in ontology networks. We investigate p...

In the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry stakeholders from different companies and backgrounds collaborate in realising a common goal being some physical structure. The exact goal is typically not known from the beginning, and throughout all design stages, new decisions are made - similarly to other design industries [1]. As...

This paper is co-authored by an informal group of experts from a broad range of backgrounds, all of whom are active in standards groups, consortia, alliances and/or research projects in the Internet of Things (IoT) space. This paper has two objectives: 1) explain the need for semantic interoperability, 2) provide recommendations for semantic int...

This paper is co-authored by an informal group of experts from a broad range of backgrounds, all of whom are active in standards groups, consortia, alliances and/or research projects in the Internet of Things (IoT) space. The idea is to show how IoT systems can be built using semantic technologies, enabling semantic interoperability and thus allo...

This paper aims to tackle issues related to the (re-)configuration of Smart Objects. These latter are composed specifically of smart sensors that embed basic sensors, a micro-controller and software snippets as well. In order to make this (re-)configuration feasible at runtime, we propose a semantic Web based approach that relies on a set of ontolo...

The present document provides requirements for an initial semantic model extending SAREF for eHealth/Ageing-well. This initial SAREF extension is based on a limited set of use cases and existing data models identified within available initiatives that are summarized in dedicated clauses of the present document. The conducted work is expected to be...

Presentation slides for the paper "Observing the Impact and Adaptation to the Evolution of an Imported Ontology"

Ontology evolution is the process of maintaining an ontology up to date with respect to the changes that arise in the targeted domain or in the requirements. Inspired by this definition, we introduce two concepts relatedto observe the impact and the adaptation to the evolution of an imported ontology. In the first one we target the evolution of an...

https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103600_103699/103608/01.01.01_60/tr_103608v010101p.pdf The present document specifies the functional requirements for the publication framework of the SAREF ontology and its extensions. The publication framework provides a uniform documentation website for SAREF and its extensions such that (1) the documentatio...

https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103500_103599/103549/01.01.01_60/tr_103549v010101p.pdf The present document specifies the functional requirements for a set of reference ontology patterns for the SAREF semantic model, along with guidelines for developing extensions to this semantic model for multiple engineeringrelated verticals. The present d...

Co-localisées avec la Plate-Forme Intelligence Artificielle (PFIA 2019)

The two-volume set of LNCS 11778 and 11779 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2019, held in Auckland, New Zealand, in October 2019. The ISWC conference is the premier international forum for the Semantic Web / Linked Data Community. The total of 74 full papers included in this volume was sel...

The two-volume set of LNCS 11778 and 11779 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2019, held in Auckland, New Zealand, in October 2019. The ISWC conference is the premier international forum for the Semantic Web / Linked Data Community. The total of 74 full papers included in this volume was sel...

RDF aims at being the universal abstract data model for structured data on the Web. However, the vast majority of web services consume and expose non-RDF data, and it is unlikely that all these services be converted to RDF one day. This is especially true for sensors and other devices in the Web of Things, as most RDF formats are verbose while cons...

The joint W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) and OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) Spatial Data on the Web (SDW) Working Group developed a set of ontologies to describe sensors, actuators, samplers as well as their observations, actuation, and sampling activities. The ontologies have been published both as a W3C recommendation and as an OGC implementat...

The W3C Linked Building Data on the Web community group discusses different potential patterns to associate values to properties of building elements. In this paper, we are interested in enabling a different value association method for these and other properties, to account for changes in time, or to annotate a value association with metadata such...

In this research, we investigate the problem of ontology construction in both automatic and semi-automatic approaches. There are two key issues for the ontology construction process: the cold start problem (i.e. starting the development of an ontology from a blank page) and the lack of availability of domain experts. We describe a functionality for...

Being able to describe quantity values and their units is a requirement that is common to many applications in several industrial sectors such as manufacturing, transport and logistics, personal and public health, smart cities, energy, environment, buildings, agriculture. Different ontologies have been developed to describe units, their relations,...

In this research, we investigate the problem of ontology construction in both automatic and semi-automatic approaches. There are two key issues for the ontology construction process: the cold start problem (i.e. starting the development of an ontology from a blank page) and the lack of availability of domain experts. We describe a functionality for...

The Sensor, Observation, Sample, and Actuator (SOSA) ontology provides a formal but lightweight general-purpose specification for modellingthe interaction between the entities involved in the acts of observation, actuation, and sampling. SOSA is the result of rethinking the W3C-XG Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) ontology based on changes in scope and...

Presentation

The Sensor, Observation, Sample, and Actuator (SOSA) ontology provides a formal but lightweight general-purpose specification for modeling the interaction between the entities involved in the acts of observation, actuation, and sampling. SOSA is the result of rethinking the W3C-XG Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) ontology based on changes in scope and...

The joint W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) and OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) Spatial Data on the Web (SDW) Working Group developed a set of ontologies to describe sensors, actuators, samplers as well as their observations, actuation, and sampling activities. The ontologies have been published both as a W3C recommendation and as an OGC implementat...

The Sensor, Observation, Sample, and Actuator (SOSA) ontology provides a formal but lightweight general-purpose specification for modeling the interaction between the entities involved in the acts of observation, actuation, and sampling. SOSA is the result of rethinking the W3C-XG Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) ontology based on changes in scope and...

Data owners are creating an ever richer set of information resources online, and these are being used for more and more applications. Spatial data on the Web is becoming ubiquitous and voluminous with the rapid growth of location-based services, spatial technologies, dynamic location-based data and services published by different organizations. How...

The Building Topology Ontology (BOT) was in early 2017 suggested to the W3C community group for Linked Building Data as a simple ontology covering the core concepts of a building. Since it was first announced it has been extended to cover a building site, elements hosted by other elements, zones as a super-class of spaces, storeys, buildings and si...

The Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) ontology is an ontology for describing sensors and their observations, the involved procedures, the studied features of interest, the samples used to do so, and the observed properties, as well as actuators. SSN follows a horizontal and vertical modularization architecture by including a lightweight but self-contai...

RDF aims at being the universal abstract data model for structured data on the Web. While there is effort to convert data in RDF, the vast majority of data available on the Web does not conform to RDF. Indeed, exposing data in RDF, either natively or through wrappers, can be very costly. Furthermore, in the emerging Web of Things, resource constrai...

RDF aims at being the universal abstract data model for structured data on the Web. While there is effort to convert data in RDF, the vast majority of data available on the Web does not conform to RDF. Indeed, exposing data in RDF, either natively or through wrappers, can be very costly. In this context, transformation or mapping languages that def...

This paper describes the results of a joint work between partners in ITEA2 12004 Smart Energy Aware Systems (SEAS) project, which aims at developing an ecosystem of distributed services that target energy efficiency. This paper particularly focuses on Electric Vehicle (EV) need for smart charging, which is made possible with Internet-of-Thing (IoT)...

In the Resource Description Framework, literals are composed of a UNICODE string (the lexical form), a datatype IRI, and optionally, when the datatype IRI is rdf:langString, a language tag. Any IRI can take the place of a datatype IRI, but the specification only defines the precise meaning of a literal when the datatype IRI is among a predefined su...

Decentralising the power systems management brings clear advantages for the grid and for the stakeholders (consumers, generators, operational and management actors). The grid decentralisation can be achieved using microgrids. Some microgrids emerge worldwide, working as small energy islands. It is admitted that ontologies and open (Semantic) Web st...

Advanced, highly specialized economies require instant , robust and efficient information flows within its value-added and Supply Chain networks. Especially also in the context of the recent Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing or cyber-physical systems initiatives more efficient and effective information exchange in supply networks is of paramount im...

Nous présentons le prototype d'une extension pour MediaWiki qui permet l'édition collaborative d'ontologies par les experts de domaines, ainsi que la publication des ontologies conformément aux bonnes pratiques du W3C. Introduction. Nous présentons LINKEDVOCABULARYEDITOR 1 , le prototype d'une extension pour MediaWiki qui en transforme une instance...

We present our research in applying knowledge engineering to linguistic predicates and lexicographic definitions of the Meaning-Text Theory (MTT). We adopt a three-step methodology. 1. We first show how the MTT conceptualization should be extended to ease its formalization. We justify the need of defining a new graph-based deep semantic level. We d...

Session 5 : Posters et démonstrations

We are interested in the choice of a graph-based knowledge representation formalism that would allow for the representation, manipulation, query, and reasoning over linguistic knowledge of the Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary (ECD) of the Meaning-Text Theory (MTT). We show that neither the semantic web formalisms nor the Conceptual Graphs Forma...

We are interested in bridging the world of natural language and the world of the semantic web in particular to support natural multilingual access to the web of data. In this paper we introduce a new type of lexical ontology called interlingual lexical ontology (ILexicOn), which uses semantic web formalisms to make each interlingual lexical unit cl...

We are interested in bridging the world of natural language and the world of the seman-tic web in particular to support multilingual access to the web of data, and multilingual management of interlingual knowledge bases. In this paper we introduce the ULiS project, that aims at designing a pivot-based NLP technique called Universal Linguistic Syste...