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Publications (65)
Purpose: To examine effects of subjective perception and objective status of cognition on emotional functioning in a sample of adults with long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Method: N = 65. Subjective measures were derived from the self-ratings on the Problem Checklist (PCL) from the HI-FI; the objective status was represented b...
The current study explores factors predicting return to work in a sample of patients with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders who have attended a prevocational readiness and social skills training programme many years after trauma. Participants were community-dwelling adults with long-term disabilities (N = 67). Results of univariate analys...
Purpose To assess psychometric properties of the problem checklist (PCL) in a sample of individuals with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders many years after trauma; to identify factors that impact life satisfaction and promote functional competence after long-term disability. Method Cross-sectional, interview- and assessment-based study. P...
To investigate utility of the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) in a mixed sample of adults with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Cross-sectional, interview-based study. Participants were community-dwelling adults with disabilities resulting from neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders (N = 54), who participated in a pre-voc...
Members of the National Academy of Neuropsychology were surveyed in 2005 to assess then current practices regarding Boston Naming Test (BNT) administration, interpretation, and reporting procedures. Nearly half of 445 respondents followed discontinuation rules that differed from instructions published with the test, and nearly 10% did not administe...
Review of various screening methods commonly used for detection of cognitive impairments in patients with a variety of neuropsychiatric and neuromedical conditions.
The book is a collection of normative data for commonly administered neuropsychological instruments. Included are summary tables of normative data from numerous studies and meta-analytic tables for some tests, detailed critique of the normative studies for each instrument, brief information regarding the tests themselves (history, cognitive constru...
Adolescent Multiphasic Personality Inventory profiles of inpatient adolescents were examined to identify differences between suicidal (danger to self, n = 145) and violent (danger to others, n = 36) adolescents. Participants were 181 inpatients (12–17 years old, mean age, 14.7 years) admitted to an adolescent psychiatric unit of a southern Californ...
Test-retest reliability of the WAIS-R Satz-Mogel short form was tested on a sample of 122 normal elderly volunteer subjects with mean age of 70.4. Subjects' performance was assessed over 3 annual probes. Reliability coefficients for sums of scaled scores on Verbal subscale and Full Scale ranged between 0.79 and 0.83. Corresponding coefficients for...
The direct and indirect effects of demographic, medical, and psychological variables on neuropsychological performance in elderly individuals were examined using a LISREL structural equation model. One-hundred fifty-six geriatric subjects were individually administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, an extensive medical history and dem...
The percentage of individuals who use the left hand for writing/drawing, brushing teeth, and throwing a ball was compared in 3229 subjects ranging in age from 8 to 96 years. The "elimination" versus "modification" hypotheses were tested as explanations of prior observations that there are fewer left-handers among the elderly. These hypotheses predi...
The Neuropsychology Behavior and Affect Profile ( NBAP) is a peer-rated inventory of behavioral and affective changes in brain injured individuals and consists of five Clinical Scales that have demonstrated strong external validity. A potential confound is the NBAP's susceptibility to rater bias. In the present investigation, four validity scales w...
This study compared patients across 5 psychiatric diagnostic groups: Depression, Mania, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Psychosis NOS, all of whom are psychotic. Differences in overall cognitive profiles and in dysfunctional memory mechanisms, as well as the effect of psychosis on cognitive functioning were explored using the Neurobeha...
Cognitive screening in psychiatric patients
This study explores the presence of homogeneous subgroups among 156 normal elderly subjects based on their performance on a battery of neuropsychological tests. Subjects ranged in age between 57 and 85 years and included 62 males and 94 females with a mean age 70.7 years, mean education 14.1 years, and mean Full Scale IQ of 117.2. Six clusters were...
The Boston Naming Test is commonly viewed as a measure of language ability, particularly, confrontational naming. Its utility in detecting word-retrieval problems in clinical populations is well documented. However, studies which would explore information-processing mechanisms involved in BNT performance are not available. Results of our repeated t...
Age-related asymmetrical functional decline was tested on a sample of 64 right-handed volunteers between 60 and 64 years of age who were free from neurological illnesses and physical handicaps. Increase in functional asymmetry was explored by examining performance indexes for each hand and superiority of the dominant hand on motor tasks of differen...
The goal of the present study was to explore characteristic cognitive profiles which distinguish between psychiatric patients with and without organic mental disorder (OMD), using Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE), a brief screening battery. A mild degree of cognitive deficits was found to be common in the Non-OMD psychiatric grou...
This study provides base rates for WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ discrepancy and for 3 indices of intersubtest scatter in a sample of high functioning normal elderly. High correlations between indices of scatter, such as (1) range of scatter; (2) Profile Variability Index; and (3) number of subtest scores that significantly deviated from the individual's own mean...
The present study used a sample of 156 healthy elderly subjects between 57 and 85 years of age to examine concurrent validity of 3 MMSE components: serial seven subtractions, 3-word recall, and copying pentagons, which are most frequently used in clinical practice as indicators of specific cognitive deficits. Correlational analyses and examination...
This study investigated emotional change following stroke at acute (2-week), 2-month, and 6-month time intervals. Five dimensions of emotional functioning were examined in a sample of 19 stroke subjects: indifference, inappropriateness, depression, mania, and pragnosia (a defect in the pragmatics of social communicative style). Results showed that,...
This study explored the relationship between three indices of intersubtest scatter and level of cognitive deterioration in a sample of 104 patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type, who ranged in age between 52 and 84 years. Scatter was highly related to education and premorbid level of functioning. Advancement of dementia was shown to be associat...
The study explored differential patterns of deficits in different memory components as a function of dementia severity. Three groups of 58 subjects each were used: (1) highly functioning elderly who are free of neurological or psychiatric symptoms; (2) individuals with early signs of memory disturbance, whose MMSE scores were > or = 24; and (3) ind...
Measures of task-dependent cortical activation were assessed by bilateral EEG recordings from frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital areas. Two pictorial tests, the Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices and the Space Relations Test were used for verbal and spatial conditions, respectively. Recordings were obtained for 20 trials of each task from 2...
Previous studies have identified age as a risk factor for many neurologic disorders, and a "cerebral reserve" factor has been postulated to explain these findings. This study examined whether age represents a risk factor for HIV-1-related neuropsychological dysfunction. Subjects for study 1 were primarily asymptomatic seropositive (n = 1,066) and s...
Reviews the books, Alzheimer's, Stroke, and 29 Other Neurological Disorders Sourcebook by Frank E. Bair (Ed.) (see record 1993-97379-000 ); and Dementia by Allen Jack Edwards (see record 1993-97631-000 ). The book edited by Bair is the second volume in the Health Reference series and is a collection of pamphlets produced by the National Institute o...
The present investigation examines specific aspects of frontal functioning across geriatric and nongeriatric cohorts. Subjects
included 193 nongeriatric male pilots (mean age: 48.29 (SD = 6.79); mean education: 15.93 years (SD = 1.86)), and 68 geriatric
males and females (mean age: 78.38 (SD = 5.07); mean education: 13.68 (SD = 2.53)). The results...
The study explored the efficiency of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) in predicting organic pathology in psychiatric patients.
Based on history of neurological disorders, 192 psychiatric patients at a country hospital were assigned to one of two groups according to whether they did or did not have organic mental disorder. Fif...
The study explored encoding, storage, and retrieval components of memory functioning in four groups of subjects: (1) normal elderly; (2) elderly subjects in the early prestages of DAT; (3) elderly subjects with a more advanced DAT; (4) younger subjects in the early prestages of AIDS dementia. Each group consisted of 26 subjects, who were administer...
The validity and reliability of the NCSE were assessed on a sample of 192 psychiatric patients from a county general hospital with a mean age of 33.5 years and mean education of 12 years. The analyses revealed that demographic and general health factors need to be taken into consideration in interpreting the NCSE results. Predictive accuracy of the...
The sensitivity and specificity of a neuropsychological screening battery designed to determine early cognitive decline in the high functioning elderly are presented. The battery is composed of 4 standard neuropsychological tests assessing cognitive domains commonly effected in early stages of CNS disease. Initial validation data were gathered by a...
The sensitivity and specificity of a neuropsychological screening battery designed to determine early cognitive decline in the high functioning elderly are presented. The battery is composed of 4 standard neuropsychological tests assessing cognitive domains commonly effected in early stages of CNS disease. Initial validation data were gathered by a...
This study is the first to use reporting sources close to the S to examine mood and personality changes in patients with left- (LH) and right-hemisphere (RH) stroke lesions. Ss (29 with RH lesions, 27 with LH lesions, and 14 with bilateral lesions) together with their significant others, were assessed approximately 2 wks poststroke. Depression was...
Internal stability and discriminant validity of the Neuropsychology Behavior and Affect Profile (L. Nelson et al, 1989) were examined in samples of 70 stroke patients and 88 elderly controls. The test is designed to yield indices of premorbid (before-item subset) and present (now-item subset) levels of emotional functioning in each of 5 scales. Wit...
Data are presented on the prevalence of current left-handedness and prior left-handedness (switched) in 2787 subjects from 21 to 101 years of age. In addition, data on sex differences, familial sinistrality, hand posture when writing, and education were recorded. Two hypotheses were tested. The elimination hypothesis states that reduced frequency o...
This article explores the differences in visual selective attention between 26 normal elderly Ss and 26 young patients in the early stages of AIDS dementia. Two groups were matched on education. The feature extraction and feature integration components of attention were separately explored using conventional trails A and B, recently developed color...
ABSTRACT: Reviewed scoring systems (SGSs) for the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure. Four methods of scoring were compared using copy and recall protocols gathered from 4 age groups of 156 normal elderly Ss (aged 57–65, 66–70, 71–75, and 76–85 yrs). The copy performance was less affected by age than memory performance, and in the copy condition only 1...
Our study explored the magnitude of practice effect in repeated administration of NP measures that tap different cognitive domains in normal elderly subjects (N = 122) between ages 57 and 85, who were evaluated over three annual testing probes. Results revealed that WAIS-R PIQ, serial recall of words, WMS visual memory, and memory for logical passa...
Reliability and validity of MMSE were explored in a sample of 122 healthy, community-residing elderly volunteers between the ages of 57 and 85, who were tested with a battery of neuropsychological tests over three annual probes. Test-retest reliability ranged between .45 and 50 over a 1-year interval and was .38 over a 2-year period. Change on the...
This study explored effect of age on encoding, retention, and retrieval components of memory functioning in a sample of 156 healthy, elderly subjects between the ages of 57 and 85, partitioned into four age groups. Memory assessment was based on subjects' performance on the RAVLT, which consisted of five free-recall trials, recall after interferenc...
The relationship between self-rated health status and age group, gender, self-reported number of physical symptoms, functional capacity and level of activity was explored in a group of 133 elderly subjects ranging in age from 57 to 85 years. Self-rating of health was found to be a useful measure of health status, which is highly related to a number...
The present study explores age-related changes in cognitive functioning in a cohort of 122 healthy elderly volunteer subjects
over a 3-year period. The sample was partitioned into four age groups: 57–65, 66–70, 71–75, 76–85 years. The results suggested
high stability of factor structure over three testing probes, as well as selective attrition effe...
The study attempts to replicate our longitudinal findings regarding cognitive changes associated with normal aging, which were obtained on the entire sample of 122 elderly volunteers. For the purpose of this study, the same sample was partitioned into groups of young-old (ages 57 - 70) and old - old (ages 71 - 85). The findings are consistent with...
The study explores the pattern of cognitive changes associated with normal aging. The subjects were 122 healthy volunteers between 57 and 84 years of age with mean age of 70. A preliminary factor analysis of selected variables obtained from the three annual testings with an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests revealed three underlying lat...
This study reports cross‐sectional data on 156 normal older adults, aged 57–85 years old, who were enrolled in a study that addressed the neuropsychological processes associated with normal aging. The results based on a factor analysis of 12 key neuropsychological measures assessing a broad range of cognitive domains revealed three primary factors:...
The chapter addresses the possibility of 'pre-clinical' detection of Alzheimer-type Dementia (AD). Currently, the criteria for the clinical diagnosis of AD require the presence of observable deficits in cognitive functioning (McKhan et al., 1984). Recent research, however, indicates that it may soon be possible to predict AD in elderly who do not y...
The present study explores mechanisms of age-related decline in recall of the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure by comparing the performance of two groups of subjects: young-old (57-70 years, n = 73) and ol-old (71-85 years, n = 80). The results revealed a significantly lower total recall for the old-old group (F = 7.76, p < 0.006) which was attributab...
RÉSUMÉ
Plusieurs hypothèses ont été émises reliant les changements neuroanatomiques durant le vieillissement normal aux séquelles neuropsychologiques correspondantes. Cet article examine les observations empiriques à l'appui de l'hypothèse soutenant que les changements structuraux les plus importants du vieillissement normal surviennent au sein de...
This study purports to explore the speed of mental processes in the elderly as a function of gender, cardiovascular status, and general health. Self-reported measures of physical health, classified into ten major medical categories, and scores on neuropsychological tests were obtained on 156 elderly volunteers (mean age 70.7 years, education 14.14...
This series of 4 studies describes the psychometric properties of the Neuropsychology Behavior and Affect Profile, which consists of 5 peer-rated scales (106 items) designed to measure personality change in brain-impaired individuals. Study 1 pertains to item derivation. Study 2 used relatives of 61 Ss identified as demented to determine the test's...
Virtually no data exists on the early cognitive precursors of dementia, primarily SDAT. This paper presents preliminary cross-sectional data on two elderly groups hypothesized to be at risk for SDAT and a well group matched individually on age, education and gender. The neuropsychological results, based on factor scores and individual t-test compar...
It has been asserted that the neuropsychological changes associated with normal aging reflect alterations in frontal/subcortical structures. To investigate this hypothesis, the present study compared the neuropsychological performance of three groups: (a) 14 normal elderly males with no history of neurologic, psychiatric, or substance abuse history...
Based on current theories in psycholinguistics and neuropsychology, this article explores changes in episodic‐semantic structure of declarative memory associated with aging and dementia‐related deficits. A qualitative scoring of verbatim responses on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐Revised (WAIS‐R) Vocabulary subtest allowed us to investigate...
Explored the effect of age on specific components of the memory process in 156 healthy elderly Ss (aged 57–85 yrs) who were tested using verbal and visual measures of immediate and delayed recall and remote memory. Measures included the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS—R), Wechsler Memory Scale, Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, and...
Virtually no data exists on the early cognitive precursors of dementia, primarily SDAT. This paper presents preliminary cross-sectional data on two elderly groups hypothesized to be at risk for SDAT and a well group matched individually on age, education and gender. The neuropsychological results, based on factor scores and individual t-test compar...
A specific WAIS subtest pattern has recently been shown to occur more frequently in cases of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) than in cases of multi-infarct dementia (Fuld, 1984; Brinkman & Braun, 1984). To date, only one study has examined the frequency of this WAIS pattern in a normal elderly sample and found it to be infrequent (Tuokko & C...