Matteo Carbone

Ascomycete.org

Scutellinia blumenaviensis is recorded for the first time on Guadeloupe Island (France). A description of the macro-and microscopic characters and the ecology is provided, as well as photographic documentation. The morphological identification has been supported genetically by comparing the 28S rDNA with the only available sequence that exists in p...

Riassunto: Spaniodiscus fuckelii viene segnalato in Italia sulla base di cinque raccolte effettuate in tre diffe-renti comuni del Piemonte, nonché una effettuata nel Passo dello Stelvio, lato Trentino-Alto Adige. Viene fornita una descrizione delle caratteristiche macro-e microscopiche, della sua ecologia, corredata da foto a colori di esemplari fr...

Pseudoplectania africana teleomorph is recorded for the first time in Madeira Island (Portugal) and for the second time worldwide. A description of the macro-and microscopic characters and the ecology is provided, as well as the photographic documentation. The identification of selected collections has been confirmed also genetically by comparison...

Five nomenclatural novelties, concerning new combinations, are proposed and justified. Gyromitra grandis is transferred to the genus Discina, Wynnella subalpina to the genus Midotis, Legaliana muscicola to the genus Galactinia, whilst Peziza phlebospora and P. danielii are combined in the genus Legaliana.

The species of Malvipezia are presented in detail and illustrated based on recent European collections, including M. howsei, M. emileia, M. lividula, M. pauli, as well as three new species: M. pseudohowsei and M. similis, morphologically close to M. howsei, showing the difficulty to determine the latter, and M. violeopallens, a circumboreo-alpine s...

Riassunto: Pseudoplectania episphagnum viene segnalata e confermata per la prima volta in Italia sulla base di due raccolte effettuate nelle torbiere dell'alta Val di Non, nel territorio trentino del comune di Novella. Viene fornita una descrizione delle caratteristiche macro-e microscopiche, della sua ecologia, nonché foto a colori di esemplari fr...

Tarzetta oblongispora is proposed as a new species collected in the Mediterranean basin (France, Italy and Spain). It is characterized by its distinct morphology and genetic profile. A discussion on its affinities with the other medium or small, non-stiped Tarzetta species is presented. An updated phylogeny of the genus, and new records for Austria...

Boletaceae Cyanoboletus Cupreoboletus Cyanoboletus poikilochromus is a new combination in Boletales.

The violet or purplish brown species of the genus Daleomyces are presented in detail and illustrated with recent European collections, including D. exogelatinosus, D. halophilus, D. petersii, as well as five new species: D. bicolor, D. briffae, D. brunneoviolaceus, D. brunnescens and D. stictisporus. The anamorphic species Peziza ligni is also comb...

phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences of the 28s rDnA and the rpb2 gene obtained from a collection of Plicariella vacini (≡ Peziza vacini) and homologous sequences from public databases suggest that this species represents an isolated lineage within the family Pezizaceae, quite distant from either Plicariella and Peziza s. str. in accord...

les espèces violettes du genre Paragalactinia, P. michelii et P. berthetiana, sont présentées en détail et illustrées à partir de nombreuses récoltes. Une phylogénie basée sur des séquences ITs centrée sur ce genre est également proposée et commentée. enfin, une clé des Paragalactinia connus en europe est four-nie. Mots-clés : Ascomycota, Pezizales...

Background: An undescribed species of Pseudoplectania was found during an excursion in Mpumalanga.Objectives: To describe Pseudoplectania africana M.Carbone & Sochorová as a new species and to evaluate presence of crystals as a diagnostic character in Pseudoplectania.Methods: The description was based on standard macro- and microscopical methods. P...

New morphological and phylogenetic studies conducted on new Spanish collections of Trichophaea-like discomycetes allowed the description and illustration of three new species of Perilachnea: P. fallax, very close to P. flavobrunnea, distinguished by its ascospore characters, P. humarioides, looking like Humaria hemisphaerica but with pluriguttulate...

Plectania harnischii is here proposed as a new species collected in the coniferous forests of the pacific northwest in uSa. This species is characterised by its distinct morphology and genetic profile. a discussion on its affinities with the other two members of the so-called "Plectania melastoma clade" is presented. Colour pictures of fresh sample...

The violet species of the genus Geoscypha are presented in detail and illustrated from recent collections , including G. montana described as a new species. A phylogeny based on ITS and LSU sequences focused on this genus is also proposed and commented. Finally, a key to the known Geoscypha is provided.

The name Warcupia cupulata is here proposed for an apothecioid species described for the first time upon Greek, italian and Spanish collections probably associated with Cupressus, and the formerly cleis-tothecioid genus Warcupia is consequently amended. images of fresh samples and their main microscopical characters are provided, as well as phyloge...

Galiella amurensis is typified and described based on macro- and microscopical characters upon the study of Russian collections. A lectotype and an epitype are selected in order to fix and circumscribe the species concept. A Chinese sample is also studied and confirmed by its genetic profile and morphology. Colour images of fresh specimens and micr...

A detailed presentation and illustration of violet species belonging to different epigeous genera of Pezizaceae are provided, thanks to morphological, ecological, and molecular data. in this first introductory part we provide the methods, the systematics and introduce a general key to the genera present in Europe.

The violet species of the genus Phylloscypha, P. labessiana and P. boltonii, are presented in detail and illustrated from recent collections. A phylogeny based on ITS and LSu sequences focused on this genus is also proposed and commented. Finally, a key to the known Phylloscypha is provided.

Riassunto In questo lavoro viene proposto come specie nuova Inosperma vinaceum, individuato in diverse regioni del territorio nazionale e morfologicamente prossimo a Inosperma adaequatum, con il quale, verosimilmente, è stato finora largamente confuso. Oltre alla descrizione dei caratteri macro- e microscopici, di quelli ecologici e a una comparazi...

RIASSUNTO Tricholoma ligusticum viene descritto come specie nuova per la scienza sulla base di raccolte effettuate nei querceti della Liguria. Tricholoma quercetorum viene neotipificato stante l’accertamento della mancanza di holotypus e di altro materiale originale. Quest’ultima specie è inoltre studiata filogeneticamente e le sequenze rese pubbli...

Recent collections of unknown Trichophaea-like discomycetes made in Europe enabled the authors to explore the taxonomy of Trichophaea and allies, based on morphological, ecological and molecular data. Our 3-gene phylogeny confirms the paraphyly of the genus Trichophaea and designs a new systematics for this group of cup-fungi. Three new genera are...

RIASSUNTO Vengono descritte le prime raccolte italiane di Pseudoboubovia benkertii e di Strobiloscypha cupressina, due specie associate a Cupressus sempervirens. Le descrizioni morfologiche sono corredate da foto in habitat e di microscopia. ABSTRACT First Italian records and descriptions of Pseudoboubovia benkertii and Strobiloscypha cupressina,...

Lactarius flavoaspideus, a species so far known from Scandinavia only, is morphologically studied and phylogenetically validated on the basis of Italian collections and Finnish paratypes. It is compared to L. aspideus, which is also neotypified with Swedish material. Thanks to some Canadian collections named L. aspideoides, some considerations are...

Phallus rubicundus is recorded for the first time in Italy. The study includes a morphological comparison with its most similar species and colour photographs of gross morphology and relevant micro-characters.

Viene segnalata la presenza in Italia di Chroogomphus subfulmineus e di C. me-diterraneus, e inoltre è confermata quella di C. fulmineus. Viene discussa la loro posizione tassonomica a livello filogenetico e sono comparate le caratteristiche macro-micromorfologiche nei confronti delle specie simili, supportando il tutto con foto a colori di materia...

Riassunto: Donadinia helvelloides viene segnalata per la prima volta in italia a seguito di raccolte effettuate in Sicilia. il ritrovamento avvenuto nel "Bosco Tassita" sui Monti nebrodi conferma la sua associazione con Taxus baccata. viene proposto un albero filogenetico aggiornato del genere Donadinia e pubblicate foto a colori di materiale fresc...

Species of Tarzetta are morphologically well-defined but their taxonomy is confused because of the multiple interpretations of the oldest names, i.e. T. catinus and T. cupularis. The exploration of this genus with molecular and ecological data gave us the opportunity to partially clarify its taxonomy and to propose typifications of names. The type...

Viene descritto un interessante ritrovamento di Caloscypha fulgens f. caesioalba effettuato nell’Appennino Tosco-Emiliano. Il taxon è confrontato morfologicamente e geneticamente con la f. fulgens. Viene discussa la natura del corredo pigmentario. Il tutto è corredato da foto di materiale fresco e di microscopia. An interesting collection of Calo...

Otidea adorniae is here proposed and described as new to science upon collections made in xe-rophilous broadleaved forests of apulia (southern italy). Color images and hand drawings illustrating its main diagnostic features are provided. its position in the complex of Otidea alutacea is discussed on the basis of morphological descriptions and phylo...

Helvella fastigiata and H. grandis are epitypified with material collected in the original area. Gyromitra grandis is proposed as a new combination and regarded as a priority synonym of G. fastigiata. The status of Gyromitra slonevskii is also discussed. photographs of fresh specimens and original plates illustrate the article

The authors report a detailed morphological and phylogenetic study of Otidea flavidobrunneola, based on two abundant collections from the inland forests of Savona and Cuneo provinces (Italy). Some morphological features are stressed for a better comprehension of the species concept. A small discussion on the current use of the names Otidea concinna...

Gyromitra gigas and G. ticiniana are epitypified with modern collections with known genetic data. The taxonomy of both species is revisited on the basis of new morphological studies and phylogenetic reconstruction based on molecular data. results suggest that Gyromitra korfii could be a prioritary name for G. ticiniana. The replacement of the name...

Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to am...

Otidea saliceticola, a species collected in arctic-alpine habitats of the Italian Alps, is proposed as new to science. The new species is supported by its morphology, genetic profile and ecology. A discussion on the affinities with members of the so-called “bufonia clade” is presented. Color pictures of both fresh and dried samples as well as micro...

The original material of Rhizina thwaitesii and Sarcosoma leratii was revised. Their identities and taxonomic positions in the genus Galiella are discussed. Color pictures of dried specimens and microscopic characters are also provided.

The type specimens of Sarcosoma orientale and Wolfina papuana were examined. Wolfina papuana is tentatively retained as a synonym of the former. Their identities and a possible taxonomical position in the genus Galiella is discussed. Color pictures of dried specimens and microscopic features are added.

Geoglossum dunense, a new species of remarkable morphology, is proposed to accommodate collections from coastal dunes in Cyprus and Malta. Full macro- and micromorphological descriptions are provided, accompanied by molecular data, extensive imagery and a comparison with similar taxa.

The easily recognised genus Otidea is subjected to numerous problems in species identification. A number of old names have undergone various interpretations, materials from different continents have not been compared and misidentifications occur commonly. In this context, Otidea is monographed, based on our multiple gene phylogenies assessing speci...

Formal typifications and discussions are proposed for Pseudoplectania nigrella var. episphagnum and Peziza stygia.

In this first resuming study on the genus Galiella, Galiella rufa, the type species of this genus, is described based on macro- and microscopic characters. Colour pictures of fresh specimens and microscopic features are also given.

The authors revise their typification of Peziza sicula made in a previous article, in order to avoid conflict with ICN rules.

Phylogenetic studies conducted on one collection from Greece and two from Cyprus, the latter morphologically matching Plectania zugazae and Plectania melastoma respectively, reveal that the delimitation of these two species is still far from clear. The authors choose to keep the two species separate on phylogenetic and microscopic basis only. The p...

The family Cudoniaceae (Rhytismatales, Ascomycota) was erected to accommodate the "earth tongue fungi" in the genera Cudonia and Spathularia. There have been no recent taxonomic studies of these genera, and the evolutionary relationships within and among these fungi are largely unknown. Here we explore the molecular phylogenetic relationships withi...

New phylogenetic studies focused on the genus Pseudoplectania confirm the independence of the already known species Pseudoplectania nigrella, P. melaena, and P. ericae, although there seems to exist a species complex around both P. nigrella and P. melaena. The status of Peziza spongiosa is discussed. In addition , molecular results support the inde...

Hygrophorus exiguus, a new species, is described and illustrated. In Fennoscandia this species is associated with rather moist old growth mixed Picea abies forests of the Vaccinium myrtillus type. In Southern Europe it is associated with mixed P. abies and Abies alba forests on higher elevations. It seems to be growing solitarily deep in mosses, of...

RIASSUNTO Gli autori descrivono Clavaria messapica, una specie cistidiata, macroscopica-mente simile a C. incarnata, rinvenuta sotto Quercus suber e Pistacia lentiscus nel sud della Puglia. I risultati degli esami biomolecolari hanno mostrato la sua presenza anche a Tenerife (Isole Canarie, Spagna). La descrizione è corredata da foto a colori in ha...

A new species of Donadinia is described from Russia, based on morphological and phylogenetic studies. Colour pictures of fresh specimens, microscopic plates, and a ITS-28S nLSU phylogenetic tree, as well as a comprehensive discussion and a key on the known species of the genus are provided.

Gli autori presentano lo studio morfologico di Pseudoplectania ericae basato su raccolte effettuate su radici di Erica arborea in Liguria. Il tutto viene corredato da foto in habitat e foto e disegni di microscopia. The authors report a morphological study of Pseudoplectania ericae, based on samples collected on roots of Erica arborea in Liguria (...

The original material of Trichaleurina polytricha and Urnula philippinarum housed in the Herbarium of the Swedish Museum of Natural History (S) was examined. The results of the morphological study prove they are synonyms of Trichaleurina javanica. The status of Sarcosoma javanicum and Bulgaria celebica are investigated, and a new species, Trichaleu...

Pseudoplectania melaena (Fr.) Sacc. (= P. vogesiaca) is a widespread species, growing on dead wood of conifers (Abies sp. in Europe), during spring, in mountainous areas. In some regions, it is considered as rare or uncommon, that's why we propose a full description of this taxon based both on recent collections and ancient specimens housed in Pers...

New phylogenetic studies focused on the family Sarcosomataceae support the independence of the genera Plectania, Pseudoplectania, Donadinia, Sarcosoma, Galiella and Urnula. Galiella is restricted to the temperate species, while the tropical taxa seem to be more related to the family Chorioactidaceae, and are here accomodated in the prioritary genus...

Urnula padeniana is described as new although it is a common northwestern American species known for years as Sarcosoma mexicanum or Plectania mexicana. A morphological in-depth study of this species is reported. The type of Bulgaria mexicana is also revised, and turns out to be a different species, being a member of the Urnula campylospora complex...

The original material of Peziza stygia Berk. & M.A. Curtis, housed in the Farlow Herbarium (FH) of Harvard University and in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew (K), was revised to confirm its taxonomic position in the genus Pseudoplectania Fuckel. Color pictures of dried specimens and microscopic characters are also provided.

The authors present a detailed morphological study of Urnula campylospora (Berk.) Cooke based on a Tasmanian collection and on four New Zealand specimens housed in the New Zealand Collection of Fungi and Plant Pathogens (PDD). Nomenclatural and taxonomical notes are provided along with photographs and drawings of microscopic and macroscopic feature...

A detailed morphological study of the rare ascomycete Wolfina aurantiopsis (Ellis) Eckblad is presented after the thorough study of two collections from Tennessee (USA). Macroscopic and microscopic color photographs as well as line drawings are included. Notes regarding taxonomy and nomenclature of W. aurantiopsis and related species are proposed.

The authors report a detailed morphological study of Urnula hiemalis, based on recent Finnish collections. Colour pictures of fresh and dried material, microscopy, as well as B/W drawings are provided. The taxon is also compared with the closest species like U. craterium, U. groenlandica and U. brachysperma.

Gli autori designano l’epitypus di Peziza sicula, una specie italiana dimenticata, in seguito a raccolte effettuate in un bosco di Pinus halepensis in ambiente mediterraneo. Propongono un confronto con Sarcosphaera coronaria e commentano la sinonimia con quest’ultima sostenuta in passato da diversi Autori. Il tutto viene corredato con fotocolor, fo...

The authors report a detailed morphological study of Urnula hiemalis, based on recent Finnish collections. Color pictures of fresh and dried material, microscopy, as well as B/W drawings are provided. The taxon is also compared with the closest species like U. craterium, U. groenlandica and U. brachysperma.

The authors report a detailed morphological study of Pseudoplectania nigrella, based on collections from Austria, Italy, Greece, Germany, Estonia, Finland, as well as those housed in Persoon's collection of Leiden Herbarium (L). A neotype is selected among the Austrian collections housed in Klagenfurt Herbarium (KL). Color pictures of fresh and dri...

Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that Italian and Mexican collections of an unknown Sarcodon species of the S. imbricatus complex associated with Fagaceae (Castanea and Quercus), were assignable to Sarcodon quercinofibulatus, a species recently described from Spain. The species, characterized by a light brown-hazelnut colo...

Otidea felina is one of the oldest names in the genus Otidea. Described by Persoon with only a short diagnosis and without illustration, it has been interpreted in several ways by successive authors. Until now, most collections of Otidea with fulvous or ochraceous tinges and with small spores have been named O. felina, perpetuating the confusion ar...

Plectania seaveri sp. nov. is described after revision of Bermudian material identified by Seaver under the name Bulgaria melastoma. The only known host for this new species is the endemic Bermudian tree Juniperus bermudiana (Bermuda cedar), a species whose numbers have greatly reduced over the past 70 years due to the introduction of invasive scal...

The authors describe 27 interesting species collected during their trip in Finland. Hypocrea nybergiana, Gyromitra ambigua, Helvella hyperborea, H. palustris, Otidea tuomikoskii, O. formicarum, O. caligata, Peziza alcis, Russula taigarum, R. renidens, R. aurantioflammans, R. vinososordida, R. olivina, Lactarius flavopalustris, L. auriolla, L. olivi...

Two collections of Plectania milleri from Montana and Washington State (U.S.A.) are studied in depth. Color pictures of fresh specimens, microscopic morphology, and B/W drawing are added.

Four long-stiped Plectania species are studied in detail. After the study of personal collections, the new combination Plectania lusitanica is proposed; the description of Plectania nannfeldtii is based on American dried collections; Plectania helvelloides is described after the revision of the type specimens and topotype material; finally Plectani...

Viene presentato uno studio morfologico di P. melastoma eseguito su materiale fresco raccolto in Italia e in Grecia, su materiale essiccato relativo ai “Fungi Rhenani exsiccati” di Fuckel depositato nell’Erbario di Ginevra (G) e su materiale essiccato di Persoon conservato nell’Erbario di Leiden (L). Lo studio è corredato di foto in habitat, di fot...

Gli autori descrivono due interessanti raccolte effettuate in Grecia. La perfetta corrispondenza macro e microscopica con la specie ad oggi conosciuta come Urnula megalocrater Malençon & Le Gal ha portato alla comb. nov. Plectania megalocrater. Lo studio è corredato da foto in habitat, foto al microscopio e disegno al tratto. Two interesting colle...

Viene confermata l’identità di Peziza alutacea a seguito della revisione del materiale conservato nel National Herbarium Nederland di Leiden (L), e vengono selezionati i relativi lectotypus ed epitypus. Verranno, inoltre, trattati i problemi legati all’utilizzo dell’epiteto cochleata, sebbene sanzionato da Fries. Vengono presentate una tavola micro...

After the revision of the original material of Helvella rivularis, as well as of additional collections of this species made or determined by Dissing & Sivertsen, some personal Finnish collections are presented and discussed and the differences from close allies, H. fibrosa and H. macrosperma in particular, highlighted. The study includes also seve...

The first Italian records of Hymenoscyphus trichosporus are here reported , based on two collections from the Alps of Piedmont, both in Gran Paradiso National Park and Val Formazza. All the features of this species are described and compared to those of the similar ones. Coloured slides of fresh material referring to the Italian records are offered...

The identity of Peziza leporina is investigated and Otidea fuckelii sp. nov. is described to clarify the real identity of the species known as Otidea leporina in the sense of Fuckel and some other authors. The original material of Fuckel in Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques of Geneva (G), and Persoon’s one in National Herbarium Nederland-Leiden (L...

Otidea mirabilis and O. tuomikoskii are described from Finnish material deposited in the main herbaria of Finland. Colour photographs, microdrawings and the known Finnish distribution of both species are given. O. mirabilis, originally described from Italy, is a new record for the mycoflora of North Europe.

La combinazione Plectania rugosa viene convalidata in seguito a un errore effettuato in precedenza. The combination Plectania rugosa is here validated due to an our earlier mistake.

The study of authentic specimens of Cantharellus cinereus, present in the Leiden Herbarium (L), has allowed us to ascertain the identity of this species, which has no clamp connections. There exists a species close to Craterellus (Cantharellus) cinereus distinguished by important macro- and microscopic features, including an unperforated basidioma...

Viene presentato lo studio relativo ad alcune raccolte scandinave di Sarcosoma globosum, una specie non ancora segnalata per l’Italia e per questo motivo poco conosciuta. Verranno forniti tutti gli elementi utili alla sua circoscrizione dalle specie vicine. Viene fornita anche una considerazione sull’identità dell’unico materiale conservato sub nom...

Viene confermata l’identità di Peziza onotica a seguito della revisione del materiale conservato nel National Herbarium Nederland di Leiden (L), e viene selezionato il relativo epitypus. Una tavola micrografica e fotocolor della collezione Persoon e di raccolte fresche sono presentati e accompagnati da alcune considerazioni su taxa vicini quali Oti...

Boudiera dennisii viene segnalata per la prima volta in Italia, sulla base di una raccolta effettuata nelle Alpi piemontesi del Parco nazionale del Gran Paradiso. Le caratteristiche di questa specie vengono descritte e comparate a quelle delle specie attualmente ascritte a questo genere. Vengono inoltre trattati brevemente l’iter storico e le carat...

Viene presentato il Genere Plectania nel suo iter storico e nei caratteri essenziali, sia macro- che microscopici. Plectania mediterranea è descritta come specie nuova per la Scienza, comparata con specie simili e corredata di fotocolor e tavola micrografica. Viene infine proposta la nuova combinazione Plectania latahensis. The historical course o...