Matilde Lombardero

• PhD in Veterinary Sciences
• Professor (Associate) at University of Santiago de Compostela

Galician wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) serves as the foundational component of Galician bread, a traditional Spanish product granted the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI, EU quality scheme), which is primarily conserved at the Agricultural Research Center of Mabegondo (CIAM), Xunta de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain. This study evaluated 20 ecotypes...

The present invention pertains to the detection, quantification, and/or identification of DNA specific to the 'Caaveiro' and 'Callobre' varieties from various types of samples, such as fresh plant material, monovarietal flour samples, mixed flour samples, wheat grain samples, bread samples, sourdough samples, or bread dough samples before baking. T...

The present study provides a detailed macroscopic examination (with some microscopic insights) of the genital apparatus of seven adult and intact male sugar gliders, as well as one castrated individual. The scrotum is pendulous and attached to the ventral abdominal wall, situated in the caudal part of the abdomen and cranial to the cloacal opening....

A growing interest in the recovery and enhancement of crops, particularly local varieties such as 'Caaveiro' wheat, has been observed. This study aims to investigate the impact of cultivation systems (organic versus conventional) on the nutritional quality of 'Caaveiro' flour and breads protected by the PGI "Pan Galego," employing two fermentation...

Quality control of flour is essential to control the quality of bread produced from it. We propose a control method based on the morphological characteristics of the granules of starch. The automation of the identification, segmentation and determination of the average size of the granules of starch of each of the cereals that make up a flour, from...

We dissected carcasses of eight mature females, both parous and non-parous specimens, to study the macroscopic anatomy of the female reproductive system in the sugar glider. The genital system includes double organs, namely the right and left ones, which are completely separated. It includes two ovaries, two oviducts, two uteri and a vaginal comple...

This Special Issue was the result of reviewing Leonardo da Vinci's anatomical drawings of the bear foot and the horse trunk (among others) [...]

‘Galician Bread’ is a traditional baked product and a national benchmark that has recently been granted the European mark of Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), which requires at least 25% of the flour to be produced from autochthonous varieties such as ‘Caaveiro’. The objective of this work was to find a method that guarantees the presence an...

The most consumed cereal-based product worldwide is bread. “Caaveiro”, an autochthonous variety with a recent growing interest, is one of the wheat varieties that fulfill the 25% local flour requirement in the PGI “Pan Galego” bread baking industry. The element content of the refined wheat flours used to make “Pan Galego” (‘‘Caaveiro’’, FCv; Castil...

The analysis of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and of bulk ground samples by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) was investigated as an alternative to individual kernel testing for assessing the presence of local cultivars in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varietal blends. The recent Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) of ‘Pa...

The cat mandible is relatively small, and its manipulation implies the use of fixing methods and different repair techniques according to its small size to keep its biomechanical functionality intact. Attempts to fix dislocations of the temporomandibular joint should be primarily performed by non-invasive techniques (repositioning the bones and imm...

Cats are one of our favourite pets in the home. They differ considerably from dogs but are usually treated clinically as small dogs, despite some anatomical and physiological dissimilarities. Their mandible is small and has some peculiarities relative to the dentition (only three incisors, a prominent canine, two premolars and one molar); a conical...

Introduction Growth hormone and prolactin secretion is affected by thyroid hormones. To see if this influence is subsidiary to the hyptothalamus, we investigated the effects of thyroxin (T4) on hormone secretion and histology of sellar pituitaries and pituitary grafts detached from the hypothalamus (autografted or allografted under the kidney capsu...

Yllera, M. M., Lombardero, M., Camiña, M. (2020). Anatomía y fisiología de los animales de laboratorio. Roedores y lagomorfos. Monografías do IBADER - Serie Pecuaria. IBADER. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Lugo. Resumen: Esta monografía de divulgación técnica describe la anatomía macroscópica de los principales animales de laboratorio e i...

Leonardo da Vinci was one of the most influencing personalities of his time, the perfect representation of the ideal Renaissance man, an expert painter, engineer and anatomist. Regarding Leonardo’s anatomical drawings, apart from human anatomy, he also depicted some animal species. This comparative study focused only on two species: Bears and horse...

In the field of veterinary anatomy, most of the specimens used in practical sessions are perfused with fixatives. Thus, they can be used for a longer time, reducing the number of animals for educational purposes. Formalin is the most commonly used fixative, consisting of a 37% formaldehyde solution. However, formaldehyde is a powerful irritant of t...

Abstract Congenital defects are those abnormalities present at birth. During embryogenesis, many anomalies can occur. The primitive gut tube lengthens quickly and rotates, allowing the gastrointestinal tract acquire its final position and orientation. Because the colon of large animals is complex, most changes occur in this segment. Thus, in rumina...

Erythropoietin (EPO), the main hemopoietic hormone synthesized by the kidney as well as by the liver in fetal life, is implicated in mammalian erythropoiesis. Production and secretion of EPO and the expression of its receptor (EPO-R) are regulated by tissue oxygenation. EPO and EPO-R, expressed in several tissues, exert pleiotropic activities and h...

The histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural alterations in 81 pituitary allografts from Lewis rats transplanted beneath the renal capsule of Wistar rats were investigated. Intrasellar pituitaries of rats bearing allografts were also examined. Recipient rats were sacrificed at various time points after transplantation. Two days after t...

Giant adenomas comprise a clinical/therapeutic subset of pituitary adenomas that pose a surgical challenge. The study population consisted of 28 patients who had giant pituitary adenomas, which are defined as tumors with a diameter greater than 5cm. Clinically, five tumors (18%) were endocrinologically functional and 23 (82%) were not. During surge...

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have compared ecologically produced foods with conventionally produced competitors, with contradictory results. In this work we investigated the physicochemical, microscopic and sensory properties of two tomato cultivars (Lladó and Antillas), which were grown both ecologically and conventionally. RESULTS: The physicoche...

Estrogens are known to cause pituitary enlargement and lactotroph proliferation. They also modulate pituitary angiogenesis and induce tumor formation. Pituitary grafts, due to the loss of hypothalamic dopamine, also show lactotroph hyperplasia. We investigated the role of estrogen on rat pituitary autograft vascularization by light and transmission...

Pituitary carcinomas are exceedingly rare. At present, the sole diagnostic criterion is metastatic spread, either craniospinal or systemic. There is no agreement on a histologic, immunohistochemical, and/or ultrastructural definition. We report a clinically and morphologically well-documented example of pituitary thyrotropin cell carcinoma in a man...

The histologic changes in pituitary allografts transplanted under the kidney capsule from Wistar to Lewis rats were investigated. Normal pituitaries, pituitary autografts and intrasellar pituitaries of rats bearing allografts were also examined. Rats were sacrificed at various times after transplantation. Sections stained with H & E were investigat...

The pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas and many of the genes influencing growth of these tumors are unknown. TGFbeta is known to inhibit proliferation of cultured anterior pituitary cells and anterior pituitary tumors, but the signal transduction pathways involved in the inhibition of growth are unclear. We treated the human HP75 pituitary cell lin...

Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a novel peptide originally identified in extracts of human pheochromocytoma. It is produced by several tissues, including the pituitary gland. The presence of ADM has been immunohistochemically demonstrated in pathologic pituitary glands, but no systematic study of ADM expression in human pituitary adenomas has been reported...

Reelin is a neuronal glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in brain layer formation during prenatal development. The reeler mutant mouse lacks Reelin, leading to abnormalities in the neuronal layering of cerebral cortex and cerebellum, producing ataxia, tremor and abnormal locomotion. Reeler mice are reported to have growth retardation and most of...

Reelin is a neuronal glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in brain layer formation during prenatal development. The reeler mutant mouse lacks Reelin, leading to abnormalities in the neuronal layering of cerebral cortex and cerebellum, producing ataxia, tremor and abnormal locomotion. Reeler mice are reported to have growth retardation and most of...

Reeler mutant mice lack Reelin, a neuronal glycoprotein, that plays a crucial role in brain development. They have low body weight and most of them are sterile. Since the brain plays a key role in the regulation of pituitary function and structure, we decided to study the pituitary in the reeler mutant mice. All mice were handled in accordance wit...

Elver substitutes made from kamaboko-type fish gels have recently been introduced onto the market in Spain. Kamaboko is made by addition of 2.5 to 3.0% salt, and optionally other additives, to surimi (minced fish). The present study investigated the usefulness of microscopy techniques for characterizing the structure and composition of two elver su...

Both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor Flk-1 are expressed in normal pituitary cells and in the prolactin- and growth hormone-producing GH3 cell line of the rat, thus suggesting autocrine/paracrine function. Regulation of the Flk-1 receptor system in pituitary cells is poorly understood, but evidence suggests that up-regula...

Pituitary autotransplantation eliminates direct vascular contact between the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis, and enables us to study the role of the hypothalamus in regulating adenohypophysial endocrine activity. The aim of this study was to investigate vascularization of the pituitary autografts. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were hypophy...

To investigate prognostic indicators in an aggressive Crooke's cell adenoma of the pituitary. The surgically removed tumor was studied by histology, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. An aggressive invasive sellar tumor removed by repeated surgeries from a 43-year-old woman with pituitary related Cushing's disease was classi...

On the same side of the brain as the ibotenic acid lesion of the globus pallidus we have evidence of a reduction in the activity of diaphorase in the striatum. Such a reduction is compatible with a reduction in the stores of NOS in the cells perhaps as a result of the overproduction of the transmitter NO. We assume that the production of this poten...

The morphological development of the accessory olfactory bulb of the fetal pig was studied by classical and histo-chemical methods, and the vomeronasal organ and nasal septum were studied histochemically. Specimens were obtained from an abattoir and their ages estimated from their crown-to-rump length. The accessory olfactory bulb was structurally...

The morphological development of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) of the sheep from anlage to birth were studied by classical and histochemical methods using embryos and fetuses obtained from an abattoir with ages estimated from crown-to-rump length. Both VNO and AOB developed in a biologically logical sequence and com...

The morphology of the soft tissue and supporting cartilage of the vomeronasal organ of the fetal pig was studied from early stages to term. Specimens obtained from an abattoir were aged by crown-to-rump distance. Series of transverse sections show that some time before birth all structures--cartilage, connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, gland...

Lectin binding patterns in the olfactory bulb of the mouse were investigated using 12 biotinylated lectins. Three, with specificities for galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and L-fucose, stained only the nervous and glomerular layers of the accessory olfactory bulb; four, with specificities for galactose or N-acetylglucosamine, stained these layers i...

The accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is the primary target of the sensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ (VNO), and thus constitutes a fundamental component of the accessory olfactory system, which is involved in responses to behaviour-related olfactory stimuli. In this study we investigated the characteristics of the AOB, VNO, vomeronasal nerve...

The accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is the primary target of the sensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ (VNO), and thus constitutes a fundamental component of the accessory olfactory system, which is involved in responses to behaviour-related olfactory stimuli. In this study we investigated the characteristics of the AOB, VNO, vomeronasal nerve...

The distribution of binding sites for the lectins Ulex europaeus agglutinin I, Soybean agglutinin, Bandeiraea simplicifolia agglutinin I-isolectin B4, and Vicia villosa agglutinin in the mink olfactory bulb was investigated. All lectins except Ulex europaeus agglutinin I bound exclusively and systematically to a single area of the olfactory bulb. T...

The origin and location of the arteries of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in the sheep were studied by means of dissection, scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts, and the cutting-grinding technique after injection with Araldite CY23-HY2967 via one of the carotid arteries. Dissection revealed that the most ventral of the three main branches o...

This investigation aimed to identify, by the double immunogold procedure, the ultrastructural characteristics of prolactin (PRL) cells in the mink. Such cells showed a marked pleomorphism and had a close topographic relationship with growth hormone cells. A common morphological characteristic of PRL cells in all stages of mink development was the p...

The main goal of this work was to investigate the general distribution of arterial blood around and inside the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of the cat. Macro- and microdissection methods together with light and scanning electron microscopy were used. Heads were injected with an India ink/agar mixture (the VNO subsequently being cut in transverse, sagitt...

A simple procedure is described for removing Epon resin from semi-thin 1 μm sections, which permits excellent postembedding immunohistochemical staining (avidin-biotin complex technique). The procedure was developed for the detection of growth hormone and prolactin in bovine adenohypophysis fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde in...