Matija Zorn

• Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts

The retreat of glaciers over the last century exposed subglacial carbonate, which formed between the glacier ice body and bedrock due to regelation. As such they have implications for paleoenvironmental studies. They are particularly significant as indicators of past glacial presence – since they can form under glacial conditions – and recent glaci...

The book deals about life and work one of reputable slovenien geographer and world karsolog Academician prof. dr. Ivan GAMS (1923-2014).

At the Rapallo border in the Sovra Valley near Žiri, the dual role of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia’s defence infrastructure was recognised. It was found that the anti-tank walls had an additional function of flood control. The field survey included three previously unknown anti-tank walls that also crossed watercourses by cutting the direction of a po...

Focusing on the 1979 Yugoslav Everest expedition Peter Mikša and Matija Zorn show how Slovenian alpinism rose to the top of the world. On 13 May 1979, Andrej Štremfelj and Nejc Zaplotnik, members of a 25-strong Yugoslav expedition, were the first Slovenians (and Yugoslavs) to climb the highest mountain in the world. Reaching the summit was the resu...

The publication Digitalne vezi (‘Digital Connections’) is the 17th book in the series ‘GIS v Sloveniji’ [GIS in Slovenia]. Its aim is to present diverse findings of researchers from the world of geographic information systems in Slovenia from recent years. Powerful data acquisition sensors and geoinformation tools enable research of various process...

This chapter concludes the volume Environmental Histories of the Dinaric Karst , which examines the historical interactions between humans and the rest of nature from prehistory to the twenty-first century. The monograph at hand focuses on the most prominent features of karstic cultural landscapes, environmental conditions, and environmental change...

The temperature, precipitation, and snow-cover data collected at the meteorological stations in the Slovenia’s Dinaric Karst region between 1961 and 2020 indicate rapid and clear climate change. During this period, temperatures increased by 2.5 °C on average, precipitation decreased by 50–400 mm on average, and the number of days with snow cover de...

The explanations of the terms environmental history and karst are followed by an introduction to the Dinaric Karst and a selection of groundbreaking examples of the early intellectual history of karst research in this environmental macroregion, placing the Dinaric Karst on the European intellectual history map. Then, the scope and contents of the v...

This multi- and interdisciplinary book will offer novel environmental history (EH) research on Dinaric Karst, one of European largest continuous karstic areas, from prehistory to contemporary history. Various methodological approaches will be applied (e.g., archival investigations, oral-history interviews, field work and laboratory analyses). Histo...

The natural vegetation on the Kras (Karst) Plateau is forest. Anthropogenic pressure on this region has been present since the prehistoric times. Because of deforestation linked to excessive grazing and other land uses, and hence accelerated water and wind erosion, the region has over the last millennium gradually turned into bare karst landscape....

Današnja granica između Slovenije i Hrvatske za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata i njemačke okupacije Slovenije bila je dio južne granice njemačkog Reicha. Granica je bila označena graničnim kamenima, a Njemačka je granično područje osigurala visokom žičanom ogradom i drugim tehničkim barijerama čiji su ostaci vidljivi i danas. Prelazak granice bio je...

The Slovenian climate has undergone significant fluctuations, and an understanding of the past climate is necessary to improve models and recognise long-term patterns. The cryosphere environment, such as ice core samples, provides valuable palaeoclimate data. Palynology and dendroclimatology are also effective ways to study long-term changes in veg...

The online Geographical Atlas of Natural Disasters in Slovenia shows basic information on natural hazards and natural disasters in Slovenia. It includes data on historical natural disasters, and it presents hazard maps for several natural phenomena (avalanches, floods, landslides, earthquakes, and forest fires) and data on the damage caused by natu...

Cave ice can contain a wealth of paleo-climatic and geochemical information that is rapidly being lost with the melting of the temperate zone cryosphere. The karst areas of Slovenia host over 260 ice caves. We collected samples for stable water isotope, major ion, and nutrient analyses from two Slovenian ice caves. Samples included two shallow ice...

The Department of Natural Disasters at the Anton Melik Geographical Institute of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts has prepared the Geographical Atlas of Natural Hazards in Slovenia. The Atlas contains basic information on natural hazards and disasters that have occurred in Slovenia since the mid-18th century. In addition to data on histor...

The main challenge of cultural landscapes is how to manage them, and the concept of commons through collective actions can help in this regard. Based on a questionnaire, 21 collective actions related to cultural landscapes in Slovenia were examined using descriptive statistics. Results show that 1) traditional and transforming commons deal with for...

The article discusses avalanche occurrence in the Slovenian Alps (SE Alps) in the context of climate change. It analyses the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation and maximum snow depth over the last two centuries, and the relationships between maximum snow depth and avalanches over the last three decades. We argue that higher tempera...

Slovenia began to regulate geographical names after its independence in 1991. In 1995, it established the Commission for the Standardization of Geographical Names of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia, which, among other tasks, gradually began to standardize Slovenian geographical names based on databases of country names, settlement names,...

Commons were traditionally associated with rural societies, but socioeconomic changes have triggered new forms of commons linked with urban areas. Despite an emerging literature on these new commons and their connection to landscape management, more knowledge is needed. This study focuses on various forms of commons and their contribution to landsc...

Slovenia is among the European countries with poorer natural farming conditions, which are further challenged by several degradation processes. Among them agricultural land is primarily threatened by soil sealing, contamination, and erosion. The disregard for agricultural land and soil as an important natural resource keeps coming to the fore in si...

Boundary stones are physical markers that identify land borders and above all changes thereto. They are often placed in particularly visible places and inscribed with various kinds of relevant information. They are used for marking borders between countries or between various levels of administrative units within countries as well as for delimiting...

The soil organic carbon (SOC) was determined in soils of enclosed karst depressions (dolines) (NW Dinaric Mts.) to define their potential for organic carbon sequestration. SOC was measured in the forest, succession (scrubland), and grassland plots at the bottom of dolines at four depths (0–40 cm) and for 40 cm soil layer SOC stock was calculated. W...

The present-day border between Slovenia and Croatia was the south-easternmost border of the German Reich during World War II. The course of the border between Germany and the newly formed Independent State of Croatia was roughly determined in May 1941 in an intergovern-mental agreement, while a German-Croatian Delimitation Commission was set up to...

IZVLEČEK Geografski informacijski sistemi v Sloveniji med letoma 1992 in 2022 Poglavje obeležuje 30. obletnico izdajanja knjižne zbirke GIS v Sloveniji in predstavlja razvoj geografskih informacijskih sistemov v Sloveniji med letoma 1992 in 2022, kot ga kažejo poglavja v tej zbirki. Knjižna zbirka GIS v Sloveniji je bienalna monografska publikacija...

The book Preteklost in prihodnost ('The past and the future') is the sixteenth volume in the GIS v Sloveniji (GIS in Slovenia) book series and commemorates its 30th anniversary. The goal of the volume is to present the wide variety of research findings on geographical information systems in Slovenia in recent years. Powerful geoinformatic tools and...

The book Preteklost in prihodnost ('The past and the future') is the sixteenth volume in the GIS v Sloveniji (GIS in Slovenia) book series and commemorates its 30th anniversary. The goal of the volume is to present the wide variety of research findings on geographical information systems in Slovenia in recent years. Powerful geoinformatic tools and...

Endonyms, together with exonyms, form toponyms or geographical names, which are the proper names of geographical features and part of the world's cultural heritage. An endonym is the native name of a geographical feature and is used by the local community, whereas an exonym is a foreign name for the same feature and is used by an external community...

The Soča River is an important water source, and its water potential was used early for transport and energy production, in the last century especially for electricity. For this reason, the Soča Valley is (was) a permanent »testing ground« for large hydropower plans. Several hydropower plants were built in its middle and lower reaches, generating o...

The Jama v Dovčku cave on the eastern edge of the Dinaric Karst region in Slovenia provides suitable conditions for the study of Holocene paleoclimatic events by dating stalagmites. However, in order to determine the context of stalagmite growth, a thorough speleogenetic reconstruction of the cave was undertaken. The cave entrance opens on the Gorj...

The accuracy and uncertainty of paleoclimate interpretations of geochemical and isotopic proxies from stalagmites depend critically on how accurately isotopic signals are transmitted through the vadose zone of the aquifer and how the elemental composition of the groundwater feeding the stalagmite changes as it passes through the aquifer. Results o...

Although Slovenia has only 47 km of coastline in the northern Adriatic, the natural and social influences of the Mediterranean extend much further inland, into the southeastern Alps and northern Dinaric Mountains. Temperature measurements in the Mediterranean part of Slovenia show climate changes similar to those observed in most parts of Europe. T...

A boundary stone, boundary marker, border marker or border stone is a robust physical marker that identifies a land boundary, especially a change in the direction of a boundary. Usually, it is a stone. Natural stone was used for boundary stones, which were later made of concrete or other materials. They were usually placed in a particularly visible...

The paper aims to provide an overview of the most important parameters (the occurrence, frequency and magnitude) in Vojvodina Region (North Serbia). Monthly and annual mean precipitation values in the period 1946–2014, for the 12 selected meteorological stations were used. Relevant parameters(precipitation amounts, Angot precipitation index) were u...

Der nationale Kampf um die Berge und die slowenische Identität Zusammenfassung Die Slowenen sind stark mit ihren Bergen verbunden. Wandern in den Bergen oder Bergsteigen ist Teil der slowenischen Identität und ein wahrer Nationalsport. Das slowenische Hochgebirge und auch das Hügelland werden jedes Jahr von fast 1,5 Mio. Menschen besucht, die dort...

Changes in climate, land use, and land management impact the occurrence and severity of wildland fires in many parts of the world. This is particularly evident in Europe, where ongoing changes in land use have strongly modified fire patterns over the last decades. Although satellite data by the European Forest Fire Information System provide large-...

Ice caves are caves in rock with perennial ice accumulation. They differ from glacier caves, which are caves formed in ice. They can occur at higher elevations and higher latitudes, where the mean annual surface air temperature is below freezing, but the majority are found in regions with a mean annual surface air temperature above freezing, owing...

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of karst landscape on the sustainable development of the Bela krajina region, southeast Slovenia. In order to better understand the influence of karst landscape on sustainable development we used three approaches: (1) the Karst Disturbance Index, (2) a quantitative analysis by using sustainabl...

The retreat of ice shelves and glaciers over the last century provides unequivocal evidence of recent global warming. Glacierets (miniature glaciers) and ice patches are important components of the cryosphere that highlight the global retreat of glaciers, but knowledge of their behaviour prior to the Little Ice Age is lacking. Here, we report the u...

The Skuta Glacier in the Kamnik–Savinja Alps (in northern Slovenia) is one of the two remaining glaciers in Slovenia. It is located in a cirque oriented toward the northwest, which shields it from sunlight for most of the year. The glacier lies at an average elevation of 2070m. In recent years, its average area has measured around 1.5 hectares. Mon...

Various ice bodies are an important source of paleoenvironmental data, and their study improves the understanding of present and future environmental conditions. Their changes are an important indicator of climate change. This special issue of Acta geographica Slovenica draws attention to the changing and disappearing cryosphere across the globe, w...

Various geodetic and lidar measurements performed on the Triglav Glacier (Julian Alps, Slovenia) make it possible to study not only the extent of the glacier but also changes in its thickness and volume. These measurements also make it possible to calculate the geodetic mass balance of the glacier. Thickness and volume changes were calculated using...

The Triglav Glacier in the Julian Alps and the Skuta Glacier in the Kamnik-Savinja Alps are among the south-easternmost glaciers in the Alps. Historical data show that ice masses are undergoing mass loss as the overall climate warms. Glacier ice and cave ice contain a wealth of paleoclimatic information, and rapid sampling is needed if any such inf...

Acta geographica Slovenica is a scientific journal for papers covering all fields of geography and relateddisciplines. It is issued by the ZRC SAZU Anton Melik Geographical Institute, published by Založba ZRC,and co-published by the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. From 1952 to 1976, the journal was published periodically, then once a year,...

The concept of connectivity, especially hydrological connectivity, is used in Earth and environmental sciences as a term and as a conceptual framework for addressing spatial and temporal variability in runoff and sediment transport. Hydrological connectivity can be defined as the transfer of water and sediment through a fluvial system or a dynamic...

Članek prinaša pregled glavnih tipov, temeljnih lastnosti in učinkov negradbenih protipoplavnih ukrepov. Ugotavljajmo, da uporaba negradbenih ukrepov izhaja iz geografskih raziskav in da so v zadnjih desetletjih vse pomembnejši tudi v drugih strokah, ki se ukvarjajo s poplavami. Izkazalo se je namreč, da samo gradbeni protipoplavni ukrepi ne zadošč...

This chapter explores the military landscape of the Slovenian-Italian border region and its connections with the First World War and memorialization of the interwar years. In the study region, which encompasses the western part of present-day Slovenia, fighting took place on the Soča/Isonzo Front, 1915-1917. The front was the scene of one of the gr...

Triglav leži v središču prvega in do danes edinega narodnega parka v Sloveniji, ki se po njem tudi imenuje. Ob pomenu, ki ga ima Triglav za Slovence, ni čudno, da pristopi nanj niso bili vabljivi zgolj za gornike, temveč so po njih segali tudi poslovni interesi. Pojavila se je »potreba« po urbanizaciji visokogorskega sveta – bodisi z gradnjo železn...

Rainfall is the key factor to understand soil erosion processes, mechanisms, and rates. Most research was conducted to determine rainfall characteristics and their relationship with soil erosion (erosivity) but there is little information about how atmospheric patterns control soil losses, and this is important to enable sustainable environmental p...

Abstract. The retreat of ice shelves and glaciers over the last century provides unequivocal evidence of recent global warming. Glacierets (miniature glaciers) are an important component that highlights the global retreat of glaciers, but knowledge of their behaviour prior to the Little Ice Age is lacking. Here, we present subglacial carbonate depo...

Današnja meja med Slovenijo in Hrvaško je bila v času druge svetovne vojne najbolj jugovzhodna meja nemškega rajha. Potek meje med Nemčiji in novoustanovljeno Neodvisno državo Hrvaško so v grobem določili maja 1941 z meddržavnim sporazumom, za določitev meje na terenu pa je bila ustanovljena nemško-hrvaška razmejitvena komisija. Mejo so Nemci zavar...

Današnja meja med Slovenijo in Hrvaško je bila v času druge svetovne vojne najbolj jugovzhodna meja nemškega rajha. Potek meje med Nemčijo in novoustanovljeno Neodvisno državo Hrvaško so v grobem določili maja 1941 z meddržavnim sporazumom, za določitev meje na terenu pa je bila ustanovljena nemško-hrvaška razmejitvena komisija. Mejo so Nemci zavar...

Po gospodarskih kazalnikih ima Velenje uspešno, izvozno usmerjeno gospodarstvo z visoko dodano vrednostjo na zaposlenega. A kot vsa industrijska mesta v Evropi, je Velenje zelo ranljivo. Ta knjiga želi osvetliti vidike preobrazbe Velenja v preteklosti, sedanjosti in prihodnosti ter pripraviti pregled razvojnih dejavnikov Velenja. Poudarek je na dru...

Dolines are depressions in karst landscapes that are of high value for conservation, providing habitats and supporting species not found in the surrounding landscape. This is due to their high microhabitat diversity and ability to decouple microclimate from regional climate changes, making them potential refugia for biodiversity. Nevertheless, loca...

The rocks that can be seen on Slovenia’s surface today formed from at least the early Paleozoic to the Quaternary, or the present. The oldest metamorphic rocks probably date even back to the Precambrian. Sedimentary rocks predominate, covering 65.1% of Slovenia’s surface. Among these, two carbonate rocks are especially common: limestone and dolomit...

Slovenia has very heterogeneous landforms because it lies at the intersection of the Alps, Dinaric Alps, Pannonian Basin, and Adriatic Sea Basin, all characterized by unique geology, tectonics, and geomorphic processes. Four major geomorphic landscape types can be defined based on their genesis. More than half of Slovenian territory has fluvial cha...

The diverse physical geographical characteristics of Slovenia result in diverse soil types. Due to widespread karst landscapes, the basic division of soils is carbonate and non-carbonate. However, the pedogeographical classification of Slovenian soils is based on topography and has three groups of soil types: soils of plains and valleys, soils of h...

Slovenia is one of the youngest countries in the world. It has been independent since 1991, but at the same time, it is strongly dependent on its geography. Most of its natural, economic, and cultural features result from its location in the center of Europe, where completely different geographical units intersect. It is exposed to South Slavic inf...

Almost all types of natural hazards that are typical for Europe also occur in Slovenia, with the exception of some major events such as volcanic eruptions or ocean-related natural hazards such as large tsunamis. The greatest economic damage is caused by natural hazards affecting agriculture, such as drought, hail, rainstorms, and frosts. Great dama...

Slovenia is characterized by an abundance of water in a great variety of forms. The river network comprises almost 28,000 km of watercourses (1.4 km/km²). However, these are not equally distributed because about 40% of Slovenia is karst and therefore almost without surface waters. Rivers from four–fifths of Slovenian territory flow several hundred...

The chapter deals with public participation in recovery after earthquakes in the border region of Friuli (NE Italy) and the Upper Soča Valley (NW Slovenia) in 1976 (magnitude 6.4, 6 May; magnitude 6.1, 15 September—the Friuli earthquakes), 1998 (magnitude 6.0, 12 April), and 2004 (magnitude 4.9, 7 July). It highlights the differences in the concept...

Slowenien ist ein sehr waldreiches Land und gehört zur Europa- und Weltspitze, was die Bewaldung angeht. Der Wald gehört zu den am natürlichsten verbliebenen Ele-menten der slowenischer Kulturlandschaft. Die umfangreiche Bewaldung und die er-haltenen natürlichen Baumbestände sind das Resultat eines mehr als ein Jahrhundert langen nachhaltigen Bewir...

Preučevanje intenzivnosti erozijskih procesov spada med temeljne in pogosto obravnavane geomorfološke dejavnosti ter običajno vključuje tako terenske meritve kot tudi računalniško modeliranje. V Sloveniji so terenske meritve redke, zato prevladuje modeliranje erozijskih procesov. Pri slednjem je zaradi svoje preprostosti kljub pomanjkljivostim zelo...

This article presents a Geographic Information System (GIS) assessment of Landslide Susceptibility Zonation (LSZ) in North Macedonia. Because of the weak landslide inventory, statistical method (frequency ratio) is combined with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In this study, lithology, slope, plan curvature, precipitations, land cover, distance...

In order to assess the rainfall erosivity in the Pannonian basin, several parameters which describe distribution, concentration and variability of precipitation were used, as well as 9 extreme precipitation indices. The precipitation data is obtained from the European Climate Assessment and Dataset project for the period 1961-2014, for 8 meteorolog...

Knjižica je nastala v sklopu projekta “Napravite mi to deželo nemško … italijansko … madžarsko … hrvaško! Vloga okupacijskih meja v raznarodovalni politiki in življenju slovenskega prebivalstva”, ki preučuje do danes znanstveno še neobdelano temo, kako je 560 kilometrov okupacijskih meja med 2. svetovno vojno, tisoče metrov bodečih žic, visokih ogr...

Cave ice samples collected within karstic terrain have major ion and nutrient concentrations showing that the ice originates from local precipitation modified by the addition of Ca²⁺ and HCO3⁻ from the dissolution of the local bedrock. Isotopic profiles of Paradana Cave ice are similar to those described in other ice caves in central and eastern Eu...

Soil degradation by water is a serious environmental problem worldwide, with specific climatic factors being the major causes. We investigated the relationships between synoptic atmospheric patterns (i.e. weather types, WTs) and runoff, erosion and sediment yield throughout the Mediterranean basin by analyzing a large database of natural rainfall e...

Soil degradation by water is a serious environmental problem worldwide, with specific climatic factors being the major causes. We investigated the relationships between synoptic atmospheric patterns (i.e. weather types, WTs) and runoff, erosion and sediment yield throughout the Mediterranean basin by analyzing a large database of natural rainfall e...

After the independence of Slovenia and Croatia in 1991, the former internal Yugoslav border between the two countries became an international border (today a Schengen border), of which over two-fifths follows rivers (the Drava, Sotla, Kolpa, Dragonja, and others). Rivers are natural geographical dividers whose shifting courses hamper permanent admi...

Monuments to rulers are, like national holidays, celebrations of the ruling family‘s birthdays, school observances, and various printed, mass-distributed propaganda material, one of the building blocks of power consolidation of the ruling family, and a way of legitimization. This paper presents this phenomenon via public sculptural monuments that w...

Geografski vestnik (Geographical Bulletin) is a journal of geography and related disciplines published by the Association of Slovenian Geographers. It has been published since 1925 and is therefore not only the oldest Slovenian geography journal, but also one of Slovenia’s oldest periodicals; it is the tenth oldest among the journals still being pu...

In the second half of the 19th century, Slovenian mountains became increasingly popular. By strengthening the bourgeoisie and the industrial society, more and more people had time (“leisure time”) to visit the mountains. This was, however, also the time after the Spring of Nations (1848), when slovenianism is affirmed and national aspirations becom...

Using a uniform methodology, we explored cartographic elements on almost sixty medium-scale maps showing Slovenian territory from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. One of the elements examined was also borders, which are very fragmented due to the great landscape diversity of Slovenia. We were interested in how borders in different periods fol...

In the topography of war landscapes the remains of war are found in the form of trenches, bombing craters and remnants of war infrastructure. Today war landscapes are “overlaid” by post-war “layers” of cultural landscapes. It requires non-invasive remote-sensing methods, e.g. time series of aerial photographs and high-resolution terrain models (LiD...

Slovenia is considered as the cradle of karst geotourism as cave tourism started there as early as the Middle Ages. To date more than 12,000 caves were discovered from which 22 have the status of tourist caves. From these, 10 were assessed using the M-GAM model (Modified Geosite Assessment Model) to gain information for better future management str...

In the karst landscape of Kras Plateau (SW Slovenia), we studied the impact of historic human‐induced land degradation on biodiversity by studying the characteristics and changes in vegetation of degraded and non‐degraded karst depressions (dolines). Intensive human‐induced land degradation began as a consequence of the abandonment of traditional l...

High karst plateaus are characterised by a great number of cave and pit entrances. Kanin Plateau and Rombon Plateau are among the most karstified high karst plateaus in Slovenia, where cavers have discovered eight caves reaching deeper than 1000 m. Triglav Plateau, which was still covered by Triglav Glacier in the 19th century, now reveals numerous...

One of the frequently used bioindication methods is Ellenberg indicator values (EIVs), which are commonly applied in Central Europe as bioindicators of ecological characteristics. However, very few studies have tested EIVs as a bioindication of human-induced soil degradation. We tested the ability of EIVs to distinguish between localities of degrad...

The region of Eastern Serbia is a highly dominant karst terrain with numerous geological and geomorphological features, especially caves. The speleotourism potential of these caves and other geosites still remains fully unrevealed. In this paper, we analyzed several caves with immense geotourism potential. These caves include Ceremošnja Cave, Ravni...

This contribution results from international collaborative efforts of different research groups around the Mediterranean basin focusing on soil conservation and water management. We will present the most complete database of runoff and soil erosion information and analyze the records from 68 locations, including more than 22458 detail events betwee...

The annual trends of surface mean monthly air temperature and monthly extreme temperatures were analyzed from ten meteorological stations in Kosovo. The data refer to observation periods between 1949 and 1999 for four stations, and observation periods between 1965 and 1999 for the remaining six stations. Trends were analyzed for nine time series. P...

Natural disasters frequently occur across the world, affecting both developed and developing countries. However, some countries are more vulnerable than others. The vast majority of lives lost or affected by natural disasters are in developing countries. Poor governance, external sanctions, poverty, and foreign debt force farmers to burn wood for f...

The Drava River has an alpine snow-rain discharge regime with a spring and fall maximum flow and a summer and winter minimum flow. For people it represented a natural border, was a source of drinking water and food, and served as an important transport route. Timber floating has been attested since the thirteenth century. In the first half of the t...

The second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century was a period marked by the search for Slovene national identity within the Habsburg monarchy. National struggles between Slovenes and Germans were a constant occurrence in this period in present-day Slovenia. All spheres of human life, including culture, economy, business, the social...

In Slovenia, the average air temperature is since the second half of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century increasing, while the amount of precipitation decreases. The number of days with snow cover is also lower, and the height of the snow cover decreases. Changes in the amount of precipitation associated with changes in land u...

This article discusses the annual discharge of rivers that have their catchment areas in the Slovenian high mountains. They includethe Soča, Koritnica, Tolminka, Mostnica, Sava Bohinjka, Sava Dolinka, Radovna, Tržiška Bistrica, Kokra, Kamniška Bistrica, Savinja, and Meža rivers. Their discharges arelargely the result of climate developments, which...