Mathieu Boniol

World Health Organization WHO | who · Health Workforce (HWF) Department

Introduction An adequate health workforce is one of the cornerstones of a healthy nation. Over the last two decades, Africa has gained momentum in mitigating critical health workforce gaps, but urgent actions are still needed to accelerate progress towards universal health coverage and ensuring health security. This analysis provides an overview of...

Introduction An adequate health workforce (HWF) is essential to achieving the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), including universal health coverage. However, weak HWF planning and constrained fiscal space for health, among other factors in the WHO Africa Region, has consistently resulted in underinvestment in HWF development, shor...

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic challenged the scientific community to find and develop a vaccine to fight the disease. However, problems with achieving high vaccine coverage have emerged, even among high-risk groups such as healthcare workers (HCWs). Objective: The objective of this study is to examine factors that influence HCW’s and the gene...

Insufficient progress has been made to reduce morbidity and mortality for women, children and adolescents particularly in Humanitarian and Fragile settings (HFS). Midwives play a critical and unique role in ensuring communities receive quality and safe essential sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health services. A lack...

Background: To investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health workforce, we aimed to develop a framework that synergizes natural language processing (NLP) techniques and human-generated analysis to reduce, organize, classify, and analyze a vast volume of publicly available news articles to complement scientific literature and suppor...

Background Health and care workers (HCW) faced the double burden of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: as members of a society affected by a public health emergency and as HWC who experienced fear of becoming infected and of infecting others, stigma, violence, increased workloads, changes in scope of practice, among others. To understand the short and long-t...

Purpose To investigate the link between lifelong exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods The Alienor study is a prospective population-based cohort involving 963 residents of Bordeaux, France, older than 73 years. A subset of 614 participants for advanced AMD and 422 participan...

BACKGROUND To investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health workforce, we aimed to develop a framework that synergizes natural language processing (NLP) techniques and human-generated analysis to reduce, organize, classify, and analyze a vast volume of publicly available news articles to complement scientific literature and support...

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic challenged the scientific community to find and develop a vaccine to fight the disease. However, and despite the vaccines developed thus far, problems with achieving high vaccine coverages have emerged, even among high-risk groups such as health and care workers (HCW). The lack of experience with such extensive v...

Background Health and care workers (HCW) faced the double burden of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: as members of a society affected by a public health emergency and as HWC who experienced fear of becoming infected and of infecting others, stigma, violence, increased workloads, changes in scope of practice, among others. To understand the short and long-t...

Background Health and care workers (HCWs) are at the forefront of COVID-19 response, at high risk of infection, and as a result they are a priority group for COVID-19 vaccination. This paper presents the global patterns in COVID-19 vaccination coverage among HCWs in 2021, how HCWs were prioritized, and identifies factors associated with the early v...

Objectives The implementation of COVID-19 vaccination globally poses unprecedented stress to health systems particularly for countries with persisting health workforce shortages prior the pandemic. The present paper estimates the workforce requirement to reach 70% COVID-19 vaccination coverage in all countries by mid-2022 using service target–based...

Objective: The 2016 Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health: Workforce 2030 projected a global shortage of 18 million health workers by 2030. This article provides an assessment of the health workforce stock in 2020 and presents a revised estimate of the projected shortage by 2030. Methods: Latest data reported through WHO's National Healt...

Background Nursing personnel are critical for enabling access to health service in primary health care. However, the State of the World’s Nursing 2020 report showed important inequalities in nurse availability between countries. Methods The purpose of this study/analysis was to describe the differences in nurse-to-population density in 58 countrie...

Background A skilled health workforce is instrumental for the delivery of multidisciplinary cancer care and in turn a critical component of the health systems. There is, however, a paucity of data on the vast inequalities in cancer workforce distribution, globally. The aim of this study is to describe the global distribution and density of the heal...

The project of this book originated from the observation that for decades health workforce (HW) problems existed without raising much alarm at the level of policy-making. Almost all countries of the world have difficulty in providing access to all to a competent, effective and motivated health workforce. Problems such as shortages of health workers...

Background The primary aim of this study is to assess stakeholders’ views of the acceptability and feasibility of policy options and outcome indicators presented in the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) global policy recommendations on increasing access to health workers in remote and rural areas through improved retention. Methods A survey on...

The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified, in July 2009, exposure to artificial tanning devices (sunbeds) as carcinogenic to humans. This classification was based on evidence from epidemiological and experimental animal studies. The present chapter will review these epidemiological evidences. The summary risk estimates from 27 epid...

Background Community health workers (CHWs) are an important component of the health workforce in many countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a guideline to support the integration of CHWs into health systems. This study assesses stakeholders’ valuation of outcomes of interest, acceptability and feasibility of policy options co...

Appropriate post-translational processing of collagen requires prolyl hydroxylation, catalyzed by collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylase and collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase, and is essential for normal cell function. Here we have investigated the expression, transcriptional regulation, and function of the collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylase and collagen prolyl 4-hy...

There is increasing global recognition that national cancer plans are crucial to effectively address the cancer burden and to prioritise and coordinate programmes. We did a global analysis of available national cancer-related health plans using a standardised assessment questionnaire to assess their inclusion of elements that characterise an effect...

Breast cancer mortality is declining in most high-income countries. The role of mammography screening in these declines is much debated. Screening impacts cancer mortality through decreasing the incidence of number of advanced cancers with poor prognosis, while therapies and patient management impact cancer mortality through decreasing the fatality...

Supplementary information: additional tables and figures

Objective To analyse stage specific incidence of breast cancer in the Netherlands where women have been invited to biennial mammography screening since 1989 (ages 50-69) and 1997 (ages 70-75), and to assess changes in breast cancer mortality and quantified overdiagnosis. Design Population based study. Setting Mammography screening programme, the...

Objective: Concerns have been raised about a possible increased risk of pancreatic cancer associated with incretin-based therapies. We examined the risk of pancreatic cancer among patients with diabetes prescribed incretin drugs. Research design and methods: With the use of public health insurance databases of Belgium and Lombardy Region, Italy,...

Randomised trials reported up to Dec 31, 2012, did not confirm that vitamin D supplementation could protect from non-skeletal health conditions affecting adults, as was expected on the basis of data from observational studies. To examine whether the more recently published meta-analyses and trials would change past conclusions, we systematically re...

Background: In a previous nationwide ecological study based on 20 years of registration and 7,443 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we reported a positive association between residential solar ultraviolet (UV) light at diagnosis and childhood precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (PBC-ALL). Objective: The present study investi...

Background: In prospective studies, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) have been associated with weight increase. However, most prospective studies examine changes in body weight over time according to amounts of SSB intake at baseline, generally without considering changes over time in SSB, energy intake and physical activity. The objective of the p...

AimsA systematic review was conducted of randomized trials which evaluated the impact of physical activity on the change in fasting glucose and HbA1c. MethodsA literature search was conducted in PubMed until December 2015. Studies reporting glucose or HbA1c at baseline and at the end of study were included, and the change and its variance were esti...

Background: : Occupational exposures in the rubber manufacturing industry showed an increased risk of cancer and have been classified as a group 1 carcinogen, largely from studies on workers employed before 1950s. Cancer sites considered as causally associated are bladder, lung and stomach, and leukaemia. Recent studies did not report an increased...

4126 Background: Concerns have been raised on the risk of pancreatic cancer associated with specific anti-diabetic therapies. We have examined the risk of pancreatic cancer among patients with diabetes prescribed with an oral anti-diabetic drug (OAD) or an incretin drug (DPP4i and GLP-1 RA) or insulin. Methods: The public health insurance databases...

Background: Since the 1990s, important changes in the detection and management of breast cancer have taken place. We analysed breast cancer mortality trends from 1989 to 2012 in 47 countries with data available for most years since 1987. Methods: Breast cancer deaths and populations were extracted from the WHO mortality database. Age-standardised m...

Objectives: Increased cancer risks have been reported among workers in the rubber manufacturing industry employed before the 1960s, but it is unclear for workers hired subsequently. The present study focused on cancer incidence among rubber workers first employed after 1975 in Sweden and the UK. Methods: Two cohorts of rubber workers employed fo...

Contexte Dans une étude écologique française, une association positive entre les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques à précurseurs B (LAL pré B) et l’exposition résidentielle aux ultraviolets (UV) naturels a été observée, qui demeurait après prise en compte de variables contextuelles. L’objectif de la présente étude est de déterminer si la prise en c...

In this review we illustrate our view on the epidemiological relevance of geographically mapping cancer mortality. In the first part of this work, after delineating the history of cancer mapping with a view on interpretation of Cancer Mortality Atlases, we briefly illustrate the ‘art’ of cancer mapping. Later we summarise in a non-mathematical way...

Refers To Noriaki Ohuchi, Akihiko Suzuki, Tomotaka Sobue, Masaaki Kawai, Seiichiro Yamamoto, Ying-Fang Zheng, Yoko Narikawa Shiono, Hiroshi Saito, Shinichi Kuriyama, Eriko Tohno, Tokiko Endo, Akira Fukao, Ichiro Tsuji, Takuhiro Yamaguchi, Yasuo Ohashi, Mamoru Fukuda, Takanori Ishida, J-START investigator groups Sensitivity and specificity of mammog...

Background: The role of breast screening in breast cancer mortality declines is debated. Screening impacts cancer mortality through decreasing the number of advanced cancers with poor diagnosis, while cancer treatment works through decreasing the case-fatality rate. Hence, reductions in cancer death rates thanks to screening should directly reflec...

Predicted numbers of breast cancer deaths in the two-County trial reported in Tabar et al, Cancer, 1995, table 6. * Data in italicized letters were not reported table 6 of Tabar et al, 1995.[1]. † Includes invasive and in situ cancers. (DOCX)

Checklist of items that should be included in reports of observational studies. (DOC)

Reported invasive breast cancer patients and deaths in the HIP trial. BC: breast cancer. *Data from Table 9 of Shapiro et al, 1977 [1]. (DOCX)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the associations of biomechanical properties of the cornea with metabolic and environmental factors in an elderly population. Methods: The ALIENOR (Antioxydants, Lipides Essentiels, Nutrition, and Maladies OculaiRes) study is a population-based study. In 2009-2010, 624 subjects, aged 74 years or m...

Using data from the Nurses’ Health Study II, Bao and colleagues found a higher prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with increasing potato consumption.1 The authors stated that the high glycaemic index of potatoes, which causes a sharp postprandial rise in blood glucose concentrations and a risk of associated pancreatic β cells exhaust...

Background: Increased cancer risk has been reported among workers in the rubber manufacturing industry employed before the 1960s. It is unclear whether risk remains increased among workers hired subsequently. The present study focused on risk of cancer mortality for rubber workers first employed since 1975 in 64 factories. Patients and methods:...

Objective: To review and quantify the association between endogenous and exogenous testosterone and prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate cancer. Methods: Literature searches were performed following the PRISMA guidelines. Prospective cohort studies that reported data on the associations between endogenous testosterone and prostate cancer...

Background: Lower risk of breast cancer has been reported among physically active women, but the risk in women using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) appears to be higher. We quantified the association between physical activity and breast cancer, and we examined the influence that HRT use and other risk factors had on this association. Methods:...

Background: A low 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) serum concentration at melanoma diagnosis might be associated with worse survival. We prospectively studied the prognostic value of 25(OH)D3 at diagnosis and during follow-up. Methods: MelanCohort is a cohort of invasive melanoma patients. Serum 25(OH)D3 was measured by mass spectrometry and standa...

Background: Solar ultraviolet has been recognized as the main causative factor for skin cancer and is currently classified as a carcinogenic agent by International Agency for Research on Cancer. Method: Results from a previous phone survey conducted in 2012 in France were used to assess exposure conditions to sun among outdoor workers. Satellite...

Studies on active and passive tobacco smoking and breast cancer have found inconsistent results. A meta-analysis of observational studies on tobacco smoking and breast cancer occurrence was conducted based on systematic searches for studies with retrospective (case–control) and prospective (cohort) designs. Eligible studies were identified, and rel...

Autier, Philippe Boniol, Mathieu Smans, Michel Sullivan, Richard Boyle, Peter eng Editorial England 2015/11/27 06:00 J R Soc Med. 2015 Nov;108(11):431-2. doi: 10.1177/0141076815616314.

Objective To examine changes in colorectal cancer mortality in 34 European countries between 1970 and 2011. Design Retrospective trend analysis. Data source World Health Organization mortality database. Population Deaths from colorectal cancer between 1970 and 2011. Profound changes in screening and treatment efficiency took place after 1988; there...

Objectives In 2003, a skin cancer screening campaign based on total body skin examination was launched in the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. 20% of adults aged 20 and over were screened. In 2008, a 48% decline in melanoma mortality was reported. In the same year, skin screening was extended to the rest of Germany. We evaluated whethe...

Few studies have investigated the relationship between solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) and childhood hematological malignancies (CHM). This study addresses the associations between residential UV exposure at diagnosis and the incidence of types and subtypes of CHM, by age and gender, in France, over a long period, on the fine scale of the 36,326 C...

We compared calculations of relative risks of cancer death in Swedish mammography trials and in other cancer screening trials. Men and women from 30 to 74 years of age. Randomised trials on cancer screening. For each trial, we identified the intervention period, when screening was offered to screening groups and not to control groups, and the post-...

Autier, Philippe Funck-Brentano, Elisa Aegerter, Philippe Boniol, Mathieu Saiag, Philippe eng Comment Letter 2015/06/23 06:00 Int J Cancer. 2015 Dec 15;137(12):3006-7. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29648. Epub 2015 Jul 22.

To investigate variations in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels among men with an initial normal PSA level in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial study. Data were extracted from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial study data set on all men in the interventional arm, with 2 tests perf...

Boniol, Mathieu Dore, Jean-Francois Greinert, Rudiger Gandini, Sara Cesarini, Jean-Pierre eng Letter 2015/04/15 06:00 J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015 May;107(5). doi: 10.1093/jnci/djv102.

Abstract (n=197) Breast cancer is the commonest form of cancer in women worldwide. It has been suggested that chronic hyperinsulinemia associated with insulin resistance plays a role in breast cancer etiology. To test the hyperinsulinemia hypothesis, a dietary pattern associated with a high glycemic index and glycemic load, both proxies for chronic...

Occupational ultraviolet (UV) exposure was evaluated in a population-based sample in France. A random survey was conducted in 2012 in individuals aged 25 to 69 years. The median daily standard erythemal UV dose (SED) was estimated from exposure time and place and matched to satellite UV records. A total of 889 individuals were exposed to solar UV w...

Some studies have suggested that sun exposure plays a protective role in melanoma survival. This created a paradox as the known carcinogen can act as a cancer promoter and also as a survival enhancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sun exposure on melanoma mortality using both ambient sun exposure and individual data. A 10-y...