Massimiliano Gubinelli

• PhD
• Wallis Professor of Mathematics at University of Oxford

We present a simple PDE construction of the sine-Gordon measure below the first threshold ($\be^2 < 4\pi$), in both the finite and infinite volume settings, by studying the corresponding parabolic sine-Gordon model. We also establish pathwise global well-posedness of the hyperbolic sine-Gordon model in finite volume for $\be^2 < 2\pi$.

Quantum field theory (QFT) is a fundamental framework for a wide range of phenomena is physics. The link between QFT and SPDE was first observed by the physicists Parisi and Wu (1981), known as Stochastic Quantisation. The study of solution theories and properties of solutions to these SPDEs derived from the Stochastic Quantisation procedure has st...

We present two approaches to establish the exponential decay of correlation functions of Euclidean quantum field theories (EQFTs) via stochastic quantization (SQ). In particular we consider the elliptic stochastic quantization of the Høegh–Krohn (or \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepa...

The goal of the present paper is to establish a framework which allows to rigorously determine the large-scale Gaussian fluctuations for a class of singular SPDEs at and above criticality, and therefore beyond the range of applicability of pathwise techniques, such as the theory of Regularity Structures. To this purpose, we focus on a d-dimensional...

We introduce Wilson-It\^o diffusions, a class of random fields on $\mathbb{R}^d$ that change continuously along a scale parameter via a Markovian dynamics with local coefficients. Described via forward-backward stochastic differential equations, their observables naturally form a pre-factorization algebra \`a la Costello-Gwilliam. We argue that thi...

We present two approaches to establish the exponential decay of correlation functions of Euclidean quantum field theories (EQFTs) via stochastic quantization (SQ). In particular we consider the elliptic stochastic quantization of the H{\o}egh--Krohn (or $\exp (\alpha \phi)_2$) EQFT in two dimensions. The first method is based on a path-wise couplin...

We introduce a theory of non-commutative $L^{p}$ spaces suitable for non-commutative probability in a non-tracial setting and use it to develop stochastic analysis of Grassmann-valued processes, including martingale inequalities, stochastic integrals with respect to Grassmann It\^o processes, Girsanov's formula and a weak formulation of Grassmann S...

The goal of the present paper is to establish a framework which allows to rigorously determine the large-scale Gaussian fluctuations for a class of singular SPDEs at and above criticality, and therefore beyond the range of applicability of pathwise techniques, such as the theory of Regularity Structures. To this purpose, we focus on a $d$-dimension...

We construct the fractional $\Phi^4$ Euclidean quantum field theory on $R^3$ in the full subcritical regime via parabolic stochastic quantisation. Our approach is based on the use of a truncated flow equation for the effective description of the model at sufficiently small scales and on coercive estimates for the non-linear stochastic partial diffe...

Using ideas from paracontrolled calculus, we prove local well-posedness of a renormalized version of the three-dimensional stochastic nonlinear wave equation with quadratic nonlinearity forced by an additive space-time white noise on a periodic domain. There are two new ingredients as compared to the parabolic setting. (i) In constructing stochasti...

We give a novel characterization of the Euclidean quantum field theory with exponential interaction $\nu$ on $\mathbb{R}^2$ through a renormalized integration by parts (IbP) formula, or otherwise said via an Euclidean Dyson-Schwinger equation for expected values of observables. In order to obtain the well-posedness of the singular IbP problem, we i...

Building on previous work on the stochastic analysis for Grassmann random variables, we introduce a forward-backward stochastic differential equation (FBSDE) which provides a stochastic quantisation of Grassmann measures. Our method is inspired by the so-called continuous renormalisation group, but avoids the technical difficulties encountered in t...

We introduce a stochastic analysis of Grassmann random variables suitable for the stochastic quantization of Euclidean fermionic quantum field theories. Analysis on Grassmann algebras is developed here from the point of view of quantum probability: a Grassmann random variable is an homomorphism of an abstract Grassmann algebra into a quantum probab...

We investigate the infinite volume limit of the variational description of Euclidean quantum fields introduced in a previous work. Focussing on two dimensional theories for simplicity, we prove in details how to use the variational approach to obtain tightness of $\varphi^4_2$ without cutoffs and a corresponding large deviation principle for any in...

Rough path theory emerged as novel approach for dealing with interactions in complex random systems. It settled significant questions and provided an effective deterministic alternative to Itô calculus, itself a major contribution to 20th century mathematics. Its impact has grown substantially in recent years: most prominently, rough paths ideas ar...

We study global-in-time dynamics of the stochastic nonlinear wave equations (SNLW) with an additive space-time white noise forcing, posed on the two-dimensional torus. Our goal in this paper is two-fold. (1) By introducing a hybrid argument, combining the $I$-method in the stochastic setting with a Gronwall-type argument, we first prove global well...

We study mixing and diffusion properties of passive scalars driven by $generic$ rough shear flows. Genericity is here understood in the sense of prevalence and (ir)regularity is measured in the Besov-Nikolskii scale $B^{\alpha}_{1, \infty}$, $\alpha \in (0, 1)$. We provide upper and lower bounds, showing that in general inviscid mixing in $H^{1/2}$...

We analyse the effect of a generic continuous additive perturbation to the well-posedness of ordinary differential equations. Genericity here is understood in the sense of prevalence. This allows us to discuss these problems in a setting where we do not have to commit ourselves to any restrictive assumption on the statistical properties of the pert...

We present a new construction of the Euclidean $$\Phi ^4$$ Φ 4 quantum field theory on $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$ R 3 based on PDE arguments. More precisely, we consider an approximation of the stochastic quantization equation on $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$ R 3 defined on a periodic lattice of mesh size $$\varepsilon $$ ε and side length M . We introduce a new re...

We obtain a dimensional reduction result for the law of a class of stochastic differential equations using a supersymmetric representation first introduced by Parisi and Sourlas.

We develop a martingale approach for a class of singular stochastic PDEs of Burgers type (including fractional and multi-component Burgers equations) by constructing a domain for their infinitesimal generators. It was known that the domain must have trivial intersection with the usual cylinder test functions, and to overcome this difficulty we impo...

We prove existence and uniqueness of martingale solutions to a (slightly) hyper-viscous stochastic Navier–Stokes equation in 2d with initial conditions absolutely continuous with respect to the Gibbs measure associated to the energy, getting the results both in the torus and in the whole space setting.

We study global-in-time dynamics of the stochastic nonlinear wave equations (SNLW) with an additive space-time white noise forcing, posed on the two-dimensional torus. Our goal in this paper is two-fold. (i) By introducing a hybrid argument, combining the $I$-method in the stochastic setting with a Gronwall-type argument, we first prove global well...

We introduce a stochastic analysis of Grassmann random variables suitable for the stochastic quantization of Euclidean fermionic quantum field theories. Analysis on Grassmann algebras is developed from the point of view of quantum probability: a Grassmann random variable is a homomorphism of an abstract Grassmann algebra into a quantum probability...

We construct the $\Phi^4_3$ measure on a periodic three dimensional box as an absolutely continuous perturbation of a random shift of the Gaussian free field. The shifted measure is constructed via Girsanov's theorem and the relevant filtration is the one generated by a scale parameter. As a byproduct we give a self-contained proof that the $\Phi^4...

We show that generic H\"older continuous functions are $\rho$-irregular. The property of $\rho$-irregularity has been first introduced by Catellier and Gubinelli (Stoc. Proc. Appl. 126, 2016) and plays a key role in the study of well-posedness for some classes of perturbed ODEs and PDEs. Genericity here is understood in the sense of prevalence. As...

We analyse the effect of a generic continuous additive perturbation to the well-posedness of ordinary differential equations. Genericity here is understood in the sense of prevalence. This allows us to discuss these problems in a setting where we do not have to commit ourselves to any restrictive assumption on the statistical properties of the pert...

We analyze nonlinear Schrödinger and wave equations whose linear part is given by the renormalized Anderson Hamiltonian in two and three dimensional periodic domains.

We prove existence and uniqueness of martingale solutions to a (slightly) hyperviscous stochastic Navier-Stokes equation in 2d with initial conditions absolutely continuous with respect to the Gibbs measure associated to the energy.

We obtain a dimensional reduction result for the law of a class of stochastic differential equations using a supersymmetric representation first introduced by Parisi and Sourlas.

These are a set of lectures delivered at the CIME-EMS Summer School in Applied Mathematics “Singular Random Dynamics” which have been held from 22 to 26 August 2016 in Cetraro, Italy. The goal of these lectures is to introduce the concept of energy solution for the Kadar–Parisi–Zhang equation and to discuss the application of this notion of solutio...

We study a class of elliptic SPDEs with additive Gaussian noise on $\mathbb{R}^2 \times M$, with $M$ a $d$-dimensional manifold equipped with a positive Radon measure, and a real-valued non linearity given by the derivative of a smooth potential $V$, convex at infinity and growing at most exponentially. For quite general coefficients and a suitable...

We establish the large scale convergence of a class of stochastic weakly nonlinear reaction-diffusion models on a three dimensional periodic domain to the dynamic $\Phi^4_3$ model within the framework of paracontrolled distributions. Our work extends previous results of Hairer and Xu to nonlinearities with a finite amount of smoothness (in particul...

We prove the existence of global solutions to singular SPDEs on \({\mathbb{R}^{\rm d}}\) with cubic nonlinearities and additive white noise perturbation, both in the elliptic setting in dimensions d = 4, 5 and in the parabolic setting for d = 2, 3. We prove uniqueness and coming down from infinity for the parabolic equations. A motivation for consi...

Written by leading experts in an emerging field, this book offers a unique view of the theory of stochastic partial differential equations, with lectures on the stationary KPZ equation, fully nonlinear SPDEs, and random data wave equations. This subject has recently attracted a great deal of attention, partly as a consequence of Martin Hairer's con...

We prove an explicit formula for the law in zero of the solution of a class of elliptic SPDE in $\mathbb{R}^2$. This formula is the simplest instance of dimensional reduction, discovered in the physics literature by Parisi and Sourlas (1979), which links the law of an elliptic SPDE in $d + 2$ dimension with a Gibbs measure in $d$ dimensions. This p...

Using ideas from paracontrolled calculus, we prove local well-posedness of a renormalized version of the three-dimensional stochastic nonlinear wave equation with quadratic nonlinearity forced by an additive space-time white noise on a periodic domain. There are two new ingredients as compared to the parabolic setting. (i) In constructing stochasti...

We develop a martingale approach for a class of singular stochastic PDEs of Burgers type (including fractional and multi-component Burgers equations) by constructing a domain for their infinitesimal generators. It was known that the domain must have trivial intersection with the usual cylinder test functions, and to overcome this difficulty we impo...

We present a self-contained construction of the Euclidean $\Phi^4$ quantum field theory on $\mathbb{R}^3$ based on PDE arguments. More precisely, we consider an approximation of the stochastic quantization equation on $\mathbb{R}^3$ defined on a periodic lattice of mesh size $\varepsilon$ and side length $M$. We introduce an energy method and prove...

We review recent results on the analysis of singular stochastic partial differential equations in the language of paracontrolled distributions.

We analyze nonlinear Schr\"odinger and wave equations whose linear part is given by the renormalized Anderson Hamiltonian in two and three dimensional periodic domains.

We review the formulation of the stochastic Burgers equation as a martingale problem. One way of understanding the difficulty in making sense of the equation is to note that it is a stochastic PDE with distributional drift, so we first review how to construct finite-dimensional diffusions with distributional drift. We then present the uniqueness re...

We propose a new approach to the construction of the $\Phi^4_{3}$ Euclidean field theory on a periodic domain. The key ingredient is a variational formula for the partition function involving a stochastic control problem along the flow of a scale regularization parameter. Techniques originating from the analysis of singular SPDEs give uniform bound...

We prove existence of global solutions to singular SPDEs on $\mathbb{R}^d$ with cubic nonlinearities and additive white noise perturbation, both in the elliptic setting in dimensions $d=4,5$ and in the parabolic setting for $d=2,3$. We prove uniqueness and coming down from infinity for the parabolic equations. A motivation for considering these equ...

We review recent results about the analysis of controlled or stochastic differential systems via local expansions in the time variable. This point of view has its origin in Lyons’ theory of rough paths and has been vastly generalised in Hairer’s theory of regularity structures. Here our concern is to understand this local expansions when they featu...

We consider a system of infinitely many interacting Brownian motions that models the height of a one-dimensional interface between two bulk phases. We prove that the large scale fluctuations of the system are well approximated by the solution to the KPZ equation provided the microscopic interaction is weakly asymmetric. The proof is based on the ma...

We establish the large scale convergence of a class of stochastic weakly nonlinear reaction-diffusion models on a three dimensional periodic domain to the dynamic $\Phi^4_3$ model within the framework of paracontrolled distributions. Our work extends previous results of Hairer and Xu to nonlinearities with a finite amount of smoothness (in particul...

We study the two-dimensional stochastic nonlinear wave equations (SNLW) with an additive space-time white noise forcing. In particular, we introduce a time-dependent renor- malization and prove that SNLW is pathwise locally well-posed. As an application of the local well-posedness argument, we also establish a weak universality result for the renor...

We study the two-dimensional stochastic nonlinear wave equations (SNLW) with an additive space-time white noise forcing. In particular, we introduce a time-dependent renor- malization and prove that SNLW is pathwise locally well-posed. As an application of the local well-posedness argument, we also establish a weak universality result for the renor...

We review recent results on the analysis of singular stochastic partial differential equations in the language of paracontrolled distributions.

We review the formulation of the stochastic Burgers equation as a martingale problem. One way of understanding the difficulty in making sense of the equation is to note that it is a stochastic PDE with distributional drift, so we first review how to construct finite-dimensional diffusions with distributional drift. We then present the uniqueness re...

We analyze the one-dimensional periodic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation in the language of paracontrolled distributions, giving an alternative viewpoint on the seminal results of Hairer. Apart from deriving a basic existence and uniqueness result for paracontrolled solutions to the KPZ equation we perform a thorough study of some related problems. We...

We introduce a non-linear paracontrolled calculus and use it to renormalise a class of singular SPDEs including certain quasilinear variants of the periodic two dimensional parabolic Anderson model.

We prove existence and uniqueness of the solution of a one-dimensional rough differential equation driven by a step-2 rough path and reflected at zero. In order to deal with the lack of control of the reflection measure the proof uses some ideas we introduced in a previous work dealing with rough kinetic PDEs [arXiv:1604.00437].

We prove existence and uniqueness of the solution of a one-dimensional rough differential equation driven by a step-2 rough path and reflected at zero. In order to deal with the lack of control of the reflection measure the proof uses some ideas we introduced in a previous work dealing with rough kinetic PDEs [arXiv:1604.00437].

We consider a system of infinitely many interacting Brownian motions that models the height of a one-dimensional interface between two bulk phases. We prove that the large scale fluctuations of the system are well approximated by the solution to the KPZ equation provided the microscopic interaction is weakly asymmetric. The proof is based on the ma...

We introduce a general framework to study PDEs driven by rough paths: we develop new a priori estimates based on a rough Gronwall lemma argument for weak solutions to rough PDEs. This will allow us to follow standard PDE strategies to obtain existence and uniqueness results. In particular our approach does not rely on any sort of transformation for...

We introduce a general weak formulation for PDEs driven by rough paths, as well as a new strategy to prove well-posedness. Our procedure is based on a combination of fundamental a priori estimates with (rough) Gronwall-type arguments. In particular this approach does not rely on any sort of transformation formula (flow transformation, Feynman--Kac...

We use the notion of energy solutions of the stochastic Burgers equation to give a short proof of the Hairer-Quastel universality result for a class of stationary weakly asymmetric stochastic PDEs.

We consider the ordinary differential equation (ODE) where is a continuous driving function and is a time-dependent vector field which possibly is only a distribution in the space variable. We quantify the regularising properties of an arbitrary continuous path on the existence and uniqueness of solutions to this equation. In this context we introd...

The purpose of the Oberwolfach workshop “Rough Paths and Regularity Structures” was to bring together these researchers, both young and senior, with the aim to consolidate progress in rough path theory and stochastic partial differential equations.

Energy solutions is a weak notion of solution to the KPZ equation which was introduced by Gon\c{c}alves and Jara [ARMA 212 (2013)] to describe the large scale fluctuations of a wide class of weakly asymmetric particle systems. In this paper we prove that energy solutions of the periodic, stationary, stochastic Burgers equation are unique and in par...

We start a study of various nonlinear PDEs under the effect of a modulation in time of the dispersive term. In particular in this paper we consider the modulated non-linear Schrödinger equation (NLS) in dimension 1 and 2 and the derivative NLS in dimension 1. We introduce a deterministic notion of “irregularity” for the modulation and obtain local...

These are the notes for a course at the 18th Brazilian School of Probability held from August 3rd to 9th, 2014 in Mambucaba. The aim of the course is to introduce the basic problems of non--linear PDEs with stochastic and irregular terms. We explain how it is possible to handle them using two main techniques: the notion of energy solutions and that...

We propose a theory of linear differential equations driven by unbounded operator-valued rough signals. As an application we consider rough linear transport equations and more general linear hyperbolic symmetric systems of equations driven by time-dependent vector fields which are only distributions in the time direction.

We develop a Fourier approach to rough path integration, based on the series decomposition of continuous functions in terms of Schauder functions. Our approach is rather elementary, the main ingredient being a simple commutator estimate, and it leads to recursive algorithms for the calculation of pathwise stochastic integrals, both of It\^o and of...

GNU Open image in new window\(_{\scriptsize{\rm MACS}}\)is a free mathematical text editor, which can also be used as an interface for several computer algebra systems and other mathematical software, such as Scilab, GNU R, etc. Its primary aim is to offer an alternative to Open image in new window, which achieves a similar typesetting quality, but...

We continue the study of various nonlinear PDEs under the effect of a time--inhomogeneous and irregular modulation of the dispersive term. In this paper we consider the modulated versions of the 1d periodic or non-periodic Korteweg--de Vries (KdV) equation and of the modified KdV equation. For that we use a deterministic notion of "irregularity" fo...

Rough sheets are two-parameter analogs of rough paths. In this work the theory of integration over functions of two parameters is extended to cover the case of irregular functions by developing an appropriate notion of rough sheet. The main application is to give a path by path construction of the stochastic integral in the plane and obtain a strat...

We propose a definition of viscosity solutions to fully nonlinear PDEs driven by a rough path via appropriate notions of test functions and rough jets. These objects will be defined as controlled processes with respect to the driving rough path. We show that this notion is compatible with the seminal results of Lions and Souganidis and with the rec...

Linear stochastic transport and continuity equations with drift in critical $L^{p}$ spaces are considered. A result of Sobolev regularity of solutions is proved, false for the corresponding deterministic equations. Thus noise prevents shocks for transport equation and singularities in the density for continuity equation, starting from smooth initia...

We prove the existence of a global solution for the filament equation with the inital condition given by a geometric rough path in the sense of Lyons (1998 Rev. Mat. Iberoamericana 14 215–310). Our work gives a positive answer to a question left open in recent publications: Berselli and Gubinelli (2007 Commun. Math. Phys. 269 693–713) showed the ex...

GNU TEXmacs is a free software for editing scientific documents, which can also be used as an interface for computer algebra systems. In this software demonstration we will briefly recall its main features and present some recent developments.

Starting from the N-particle Nelson Hamiltonian defined by imposing an ultraviolet cutoff, we perform ultraviolet renormalization by showing that in the zero cutoff limit a self-adjoint operator exists after a logarithmically divergent term is subtracted from the original Hamiltonian. We obtain this term as the diagonal part of a pair interaction a...

Starting from the N-particle Nelson Hamiltonian defined by imposing an ultraviolet cutoff, we perform ultraviolet renormalization by showing that in the zero cutoff limit a self-adjoint operator exists after a logarithmically divergent term is subtracted from the original Hamiltonian. We obtain this term as the diagonal part of a pair interaction a...

We consider a stochastic linear transport equation with a globally H\"{o}lder continuous and bounded vector field. Opposite to what happens in the deterministic case where shocks may appear, we show that the unique solution starting with a C^{1}-initial condition remains of class $C^{1}$ in space. We also improve some results of Flandoli-Gubinelli-...

We introduce an approach to study certain singular PDEs which is based on techniques from paradifferential calculus and on ideas from the theory of controlled rough paths. We illustrate its applicability on some model problems like differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion, a fractional Burgers type SPDE driven by space-time white...

We study a generalized 1d periodic SPDE of Burgers type: $$ \partial_t u =- A^\theta u + \partial_x u^2 + A^{\theta/2} \xi $$ where $\theta > 1/2$, $-A$ is the 1d Laplacian, $\xi$ is a space-time white noise and the initial condition $u_0$ is taken to be (space) white noise. We introduce a notion of weak solution for this equation in the stationary...

We consider the ODE $\dd x_t = b(t,x_t)\dd t + \dd w_t$ where $w$ is a continuous driving function and $b$ is a time-dependent vector field which possibly is only a distribution in the space variable. We quantify the regularizing properties of an arbitrary continous path $w$ on the existence and uniqueness of solutions to this equation. In the part...

The purpose of the Oberwolfach workshop ”Rough Paths and PDEs” was to bring together these researchers, both young and senior, with the aim to promote progress in rough path theory, the connections with partial differential equations and its applications to numerical methods.

We prove the existence of a global solution for the filament equation with inital condition given by a geometric rough path in the sense of Lyons (1998).Our work gives a positive answer to a question left open in recent publications: Berselli and Gubinelli (2007) showed the existence of global solution for a smooth initial condition while Bessaih,...

The motion of a finite number of point vortices on a two-dimensional periodic domain is considered. In the deterministic case it is known to be well posed only for almost every initial configuration. Coalescence of vortices may occur for certain initial conditions. We prove that when ageneric stochastic perturbation compatible with the Eulerian des...

The motion of a finite number of point vortices on a two-dimensional periodic domain is considered. In the deterministic case it is known to be well posed only for almost every initial configuration. Coalescence of vortices may occur for certain initial conditions. We prove that when a generic stochastic perturbation compatible with the Eulerian de...

The stack of iterated integrals of a path is embedded in a larger algebraic structure where iterated integrals are indexed by decorated rooted trees and where an extended Chen's multiplicative property involves the Dürr–Connes–Kreimer coproduct on rooted trees. This turns out to be the natural setting for a non-geometric theory of rough paths.

We show how to generalize Lyons' rough paths theory in order to give a pathwise meaning to some nonlinear infinite-dimensional evolution equations associated to an analytic semigroup and driven by an irregular noise. As an illustration, we apply the theory to a class of 1d SPDEs driven by a space-time fractional Brownian motion. oui

This article is devoted to define and solve an evolution equation of the form $dy_t=\Delta y_t dt+ dX_t(y_t)$, where $\Delta$ stands for the Laplace operator on a space of the form $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$, and $X$ is a finite dimensional noisy nonlinearity whose typical form is given by $X_t(\varphi)=\sum_{i=1}^N x^{i}_t f_i(\varphi)$, where each $x=(x...

We consider a SDE with a smooth multiplicative non-degenerate noise and a possibly unbounded Holder continuous drift term. We prove existence of a global flow of diffeomorphisms by means of a special transformation of the drift of Ito-Tanaka type. The proof requires non-standard elliptic estimates in Holder spaces. As an application of the stochast...

We prove existence of global solutions for differential equations driven by a geometric rough path under the condition that the vector fields have linear growth. We show by an explicit counter-example that the linear growth condition is not sufficient if the driving rough path is not geometric. This settle a long-standing open question in the theor...

We study the pathwise regularity of the map $$ \phi \mapsto I(\phi) = \int_0^T < \phi(X_t), dX_t>$$ where $\phi$ is a vector function on $\R^d$ belonging to some Banach space $V$, $X$ is a stochastic process and the integral is some version of a stochastic integral defined via regularization. A \emph{stochastic current} is a continuous version of t...

Motivated by applications to quantum field theory, we consider Gibbs measures for which the reference measure is Wiener measure and the interaction is given by a double stochastic integral and a pinning external potential. In order to properly characterize these measures through Dobrushin-Lanford-Ruelle (DLR) equations, we are led to lifting Wiener...