Masoud Fard

Tehran University of Medical Sciences | TUMS · Department of Ophthalmology

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of smoking on retinal thickness and macular and peripapillary vascular density in thyroid eye disease (TED). Patients and methods: In this cross-sectional study, subjects diagnosed with TED were analyzed in three groups; smokers, passive smokers, and non-smokers. Ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, total retina...

Purpose: To compare peripapillary perfused capillary density (PCD) on optical coherence tomography angiography among resolved acute angle-closure (AAC), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and control eyes. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Methods: All patients with resolved AAC or POAG of varying severity and control...

Purpose To determine whether parapapillary choroidal microvasculature (PPCMv) density as measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) differs between pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG). Design Cross-sectional study Methods One hundred ninety-two eyes of 120 subjects from two academic referral ins...

Purpose To evaluate the superficial vascular density of the optic nerve head in different stages of pseudoexfoliation disease using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods In this cross-sectional study, 57 normal eyes, 41 eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS), 82 eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) and 27 non-glaucomat...

Objective: Lithium is an old drug to control bipolar disorder. Moreover, it presents neuroprotective effects and supports neuronal plasticity. The aim of this study was to evaluate neuroprotective effect of intravitreal lithium after optic nerve injury. Methods: Three dosages of lithium chloride, including 2 pmol, 200 pmol, and 2 nmol, were inje...

Assessment of the vasculature within the optic nerve, peripapillary superficial retina, macula, and peripapillary choroid can be determined in glaucoma using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Decreased perfusion within the pre-laminar layer of the optic nerve has been correlated with glaucoma severity. The peripapillary superficial r...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1117/1.JMI.7.4.044001.].

Purpose: Peripheral retinal lesions substantially increase the risk of diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. The peripheral changes can be visualized in wide field imaging, which is obtained by combining multiple images with an overlapping field of view using mosaicking methods. However, a robust and accurate registration of mosaicki...

Objective To compare the diagnostic performance of an artificial intelligence deep learning system with that of expert neuro‐ophthalmologists in classifying optic disc appearance. Methods The deep learning system was previously trained and validated on 14,341 ocular fundus photographs from 19 international centers. The performance of the system wa...

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) is regarded as a non-invasive approach for imaging the blood vessels. New investigations on OCT-A are developed to extract structural features useful in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases. Raw OCT-A is capable of providing qualitative microvascular data, but our mentioned features are int...

Background: Peripapillary and macular microvasculature alterations after nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) have been investigated in several studies. We aimed to explore the vascular changes from acute NAION (aNAION) to chronic NAION (cNAION). Methods: This prospective observational study composed of 16 eyes with aNAION and 40 healt...

Background: Nonophthalmologist physicians do not confidently perform direct ophthalmoscopy. The use of artificial intelligence to detect papilledema and other optic-disk abnormalities from fundus photographs has not been well studied. Methods: We trained, validated, and externally tested a deep-learning system to classify optic disks as being norm...

Objective Phenytoin has been shown to reduce the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) loss in optic neuritis (ON). We evaluated the effects of phenytoin on retinal ganglion layers and visual outcomes of newly diagnosed acute ON.MethodsA randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary referral eye hospital and patients wi...

Purpose: To determine whether parapapillary choroidal microvasculature (PPCMv) density as measured by optical coherence tomography angiography differs between nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: Thirty-seven eyes with chronic NAION, 34 unaffected fellow eyes with NAION, 47 mode...

Ischemic optic neuropathies are among the most common causes of sudden vision loss, especially in patients over age 50. The cause and prognosis of these disorders, and in particular non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, is poorly understood, and treatments remain poor in terms of restoring or preserving vision. Optical coherence tomogra...

Background: Ganglion cell inner plexiform (GCIP) layer thinning following acute optic neuritis (ON) is well-known. However, the onset of changes in the outer retinal layers needs further study. In this study, we determine longitudinal changes in retinal layer thickness in ON. Methods: Thirty ON patients underwent optical coherence tomography (OC...

Purpose To compare macular and peripapillary vasculatures in active thyroid eye disease (TED), not active not compressive (NANC) TED, and control eyes. Methods Twenty-one eyes of 12 active TED patients, 77 eyes of 43 NANC patients, and 65 eyes of 35 healthy normal subjects were recruited in this observational study. The participants underwent opti...

Background To evaluate changes in circumpapillary vessel density (cpVD) and retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL) thickness after a successfully treated episode of acute primary angle closure (APAC) and to identify factors associated with glaucoma progression in these eyes. Methods Twenty-six patients successfully treated for a unilateral episode of...

This is a Letter to the Editor and does not have an abstract.

Purpose: to present a practical approach for unexplained visual loss. Methods: In a prospective case series, we documented characteristics, clinical and paraclinical evaluations, relevant costs and the final diagnosis of patients referred to a tertiary eye hospital for evaluation of unexplained visual loss with no apparent structural abnormalities....

Purpose: To compare macular vasculature in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) POAG and atrophic non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study METHODS: Thirty seven eyes with moderate and advanced POAG, 19 eyes with atrophic NAION, and 40 eyes of normal subjects were imaged usin...

An 84-year-old man presented with anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy with unusual histopathological findings for giant cell arteritis on temporal artery biopsy. Further systemic manifestations occurred three months later with lung nodules, renal dysfunction and sinusitis. A probable diagnosis of polyangiitis overlap syndrome was made and he was tr...

Purpose To compare lateral rectus advancement with medial rectus recession for patients with consecutive esotropia without abduction limitation. Methods Forty-three patients who developed consecutive esotropia following bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia were reviewed retrospectively. Twenty-two patients underwent latera...

PRéCIS:: Superior oblique palsy eyes show thinner inferotemporal retinal nerve fiber layer without adjusting for foveal position. There was a strong correlation between the degree of torsion and the difference in the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness before and after adjusting foveal location. Purpose: The impact of foveal position on retinal n...

Objective: Asymmetric papilledema (AP) is a rare condition in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). As the pathophysiology of papilledema developement in IIH remains unclear, the study of AP could clarify some etiologic aspects. We aimed to evaluate bony optic canal size in IIH patients with AP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All IIH patients based on...

Background: Eight-and-a-half syndrome (EHS) is one-and-a-half syndrome [(conjugated horizontal gaze palsy and internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO)] plus ipsilateral fascicular seventh cranial nerve palsy. Involvement of lower pontine tegmentum including the abducens nucleus, the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), and the adjacent facia...

Background: In the setting of a pale optic disc, distinguishing a previous episode of optic neuritis (ON) from that of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) may be difficult on clinical examination. Differences in peripapillary vascular network structures, if present, might be of diagnostic utility. Methods: Thirty-five eyes wi...

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in circumpapillary vessel density (cpVD) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness after an acute primary angle closure (APAC) episode. Methods: Twenty-eight patients (28 pair of eyes) with unilateral APAC and 39 normal subjects (64 eyes) were included in this prospective, observational study. cpVD as measur...

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate differences in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) findings between patients with papilledema and pseudopapilledema. Methods: In this prospective, comparative study, 41 eyes of 21 subjects with papilledema, 27 eyes of 15 subjects with pseudopapilledema, and 44 eyes of 44 healthy norm...

Purpose To investigate optic nerve head involvement in patients with Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS). Methods Optic nerve head of 43 FUS eyes without clinical optic disc edema and 37 unaffected fellow eyes were evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT) of peripapillary retina and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and fundus fluorescein angiog...

Purpose: To better understand the relationship of lamina cribrosa (LC) and choroid features to the severity of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 137 eyes of 122 subjects (47 eyes with moderate/advanced PXG [mean deviation (MD), -15.0 ± 7.7 dB], 34 eyes with mild PXG [MD, -2.7 ± 1.5 dB], 32 aged-matched pse...

Purpose This study compares macular and parafoveal vasculature in patients with optic disc swelling. Methods Twenty eyes with acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), 39 eyes with papilledema at first presentation, and 22 eyes of normal subjects were imaged using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Macular gangl...

Background Enlargement of optic disc cupping is seen both in glaucoma and in neurological disorders. We used enhanced depth imaging with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to differentiate glaucoma from non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Methods The optic discs were scanned in this prospective comparative study, and the lamina cribrosa (...

PurposeSuperior rectus transposition (SRT) with medial rectus recession has been used for the treatment of sixth nerve palsy and esotropic Duane retraction syndrome (DRS). The purpose of this study was to compare the results of augmented SRT (with scleral fixation) without medial rectus recession in DRS and sixth nerve palsy. Methods Patients with...

Purpose: To compare optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) of peripapillary total vasculature and capillaries in patients with optic disc swelling. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty nine eyes with acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), 44 eyes with papilledema, 8 eyes with acute optic neuritis, an...

Importance: This study used optical coherence tomographic angiography to assess for impaired blood flow in myopic eyes with or without open-angle glaucoma. Objective: To compare the peripapillary perfused capillary density (PCD) between eyes with and without glaucoma. Design, setting, and participants: In this cross-sectional study at a tertia...

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical and histopathologic features of consecutive exotropia. Methods: Thirty patients with consecutive exotropia and negative forced duction testing underwent unilateral medial rectus resection and advancement. Abnormal scleral attachment (appearance of stretched scar or slipped muscle) was...

Background: To compare macular and optic nerve head optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements in mild to moderate papilledema and pseudopapilledema. Methods: One hundred nineteen eyes of 61 patients with mild to moderate papilledema, 84 eyes of 48 patients with pseudopapilledema, and 60 eyes of 60 healthy normal individuals were enrolled i...

Purpose: Both non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) damage retinal ganglion cell axons, which are perfused by the radial peripapillary capillaries. To evaluate the pattern of ischemia, we compared peripapillary capillary density (PCD) in NAION eyes to POAG eyes matched for visual field mean...

Patients data in each group. (0: control group; 1: Ischemic optic neuropathy group; 2: contralateral unaffected eye of ischemic optic neuropathy eyes; 4: open angle glaucoma group). (XLSX)

Purpose: To compare the peripapillary perfused capillary density (PCD) among eyes with exfoliation syndrome (XFS), exfoliation glaucoma (XFG), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and controls. Design: Observational, cross-sectional study. Methods: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images (4.5×4.5 mm) of the optic nerve head were...

Purpose: To report a case of a neurofibromatosis Type 2 with unusual clinical features. Methods: Observational clinical case report. Results: A 22-year-old woman was referred with bilateral blurred vision and macular "scars." Ocular examination revealed bilateral posterior subcapsular and cortical cataract, optic disk swelling, hyperpigmented...

Basal cell adenomas are uncommon benign epithelial tumors of the salivary gland. Orbital basal cell adenoma of the orbit has not been described before. The authors report an unusual case of basal cell adenoma that presented in the orbit. Immunohistochemical findings for the tumor are also described.

Purpose To test the hypothesis that macular choroidal thickness is lower in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) as compared to healthy control subjects. Methods In this cross-sectional, observational study, 38 non-glaucomatous PXS subjects and 37 healthy volunteers were enrolled in a tertiary care Glaucoma Clinic. The macular region was...

PurposeTo characterize the optic nerve head (ONH) structure in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) compared to healthy control subjects using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) via the enhanced depth imaging method.Methods In this prospective, cross-sectional, comparative study, we assessed 66 e...

Purpose: To identify changes in the outer retina in areas without atrophy or flecks of Stargardt disease (STGD) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Methods: Twenty-three STGD patients and 26 control subjects were assessed for outer retina (from the outer border of Bruch membrane [BrM] to the inner border of the inner segment elli...

We introduce a technique for iris fixation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) in which most of the procedure is done outside the eye. This minimizes intraocular manipulation, maximizes corneal endothelial preservation, and avoids the risk for IOL drop into the vitreous cavity intraoperatively. The IOL is fixated to the most peripheral pa...

Purpose: To compare optic nerve head (ONH) morphology of optic nerve atrophy between eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and eyes with a history of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic atrophy (NAION) using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 12...

Purpose: To compare choroidal thickness (CT) and retinal thickness (RT) between eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy treated with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) or PRP with intravitreal bevacizumab (PRP + IVB). Methods: Thirty-three patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were randomized to have one eye treated with PRP and t...

Purpose: To compare the pattern of macular ganglion cell plus inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness changes in moderate to severe primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) auto-segmentation. Methods:...

Purpose: To evaluate the lamina cribrosa (LC) and peripapillary choroid in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, one eye each of 32 nonglaucomatous PXS cases and 29 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The optic discs were scanned using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomogr...

Background: Loss of retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness has been shown in different optic neuropathies. In this study, we evaluated the capability of GCIPL analysis by optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect early neuronal loss during the time course of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Method...

The purpose was to describe the medial rectus muscle elongation (MRE) procedure to treat very large-angle esotropia (ET) with surgery on a lower number of muscles. Twenty patients with very large-angle ET (more than 70 PD) underwent the MRE procedure. In the MRE procedure, the muscle was split longitudinally into three parts. The wider central part...

To compare peripapillary choroidal thickness, macular thickness, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between the affected eyes of patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and their unaffected eyes and the eyes of normal control subjects. Thirty-two eyes with NAION, 25 unaffected fellow eyes, and...

To report the effectiveness of incorporating a central tenectomy on the recessed rectus muscles when treating large-angle horizontal deviations. Patients undergoing recession and central tenectomy from March 2010 to January 2013 were prospectively enrolled. The procedure entails making two longitudinal incisions, each 4 mm, on the muscle adjacent t...

Aim: To report the microbiological spectrum of acute and chronic dacrocystitis. Methods: Retrospective study on 100 patients who presented to the ophthalmic plastic clinic of a tertiary eye care center from May 2011 and April 2013 with acute and chronic dacryocystitis was reviewed for demographic and microbiological profile. The culture results...

A 39-year-old man presented with progressive visual loss in both eyes. His past medical history was remarkable for biopsy-proven bilateral adrenal phaeochromocytomas. Ophthalmoscopy revealed an optic nerve head angioma and macular lipid exudates in the right eye and a regressed optic nerve head angioma in the left eye. A fluorescein angiogram revea...

Background To evaluate the prevalence of amblyopia risk factors in children that underwent probing for persistent congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). Methods The medical records of children with CNLDO (after 1 year of age) that underwent probing were reviewed. Amblyopia risk factors, based on the American Association for Pediatric...

Purpose: To describe clinical features of patients with unilateral isolated inferior rectus (IR) muscle paralysis along with type of surgical treatment and results after surgery. Methods: Patients diagnosed with unilateral isolated IR muscle palsy between 2009 and 2012 that required surgical treatment were included in the study. Diagnosis of IR...

to distinguish differences in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and peripapillary total retinal volume between eyes with papilledema, pseudopapilledema, and normal findings. Cohort study METHODS: Forty-two eyes with mild papilledema, 37 eyes with congenitally elevated optic disc (pseudopapilledema), and 34 normal eyes met the inclusion cri...

PurposeTo assess the success rate of pushed stent intubation in children with complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).Methods This prospective study was performed in a single academic center. Forty-four eyes with complex CNLDO were treated with pushed stent intubation. Outcome measures included clinical signs plus a parental histor...

To evaluate and compare the effect of four horizontal rectus muscle Tenotomy And Replacement (TAR) alone and in combination with recessions for strabismus, on visual function and eye movement records in patients with INS without AHP, and to compare these results. This was a prospective interventional case series of 14 patients with INS with no AHP...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of probing in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children age 2 years and older and to establish factors predictive of the outcome. A prospective study was conducted on consecutive patients older than 24 months with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. All patients were treated with a...

To evaluate the surgical and functional results of slanted medial rectus resection for treatment intermittent exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type. Fifteen patients with near vision asthenopia and intermittent exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type were included in this prospective study. The upper edge of the MR was resected mo...

This objectives of this study were to compare posterior pole retinal thickness (PPRT) and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) between the affected eyes of patients with previous nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and their unaffected eyes and to assess the structure-function relationship. Eighteen eyes wi...

Activation of inflammatory cells and the RhoA signaling pathway may contribute to optic nerve damage following non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). We induced an optic nerve infarct with a photothrombotic mechanism in a rat model of AION (rAION). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to detect activation of RhoA...

Inferior rectus muscle recession tends to retract the lower eyelid. Several surgical techniques have been recommended to minimize this problem. This study compared Lockwood ligament advancement with lower lid retractor lysis (capsulopalpebral fascia disinsertion) and found that the latter technique, performed simultaneously with inferior rectus rec...

Purpose: To evaluate the success of lacrimal sac empyema incision and drainage followed by early external dacryocystorhinostomy. Methods: Interventional consecutive case series conducted in Farabi Eye Hospital between August 2007 and November 2010. Patients with acute dacyocystitis and lacrimal sac empyema underwent incision and drainage, follow...