Martin van den BergUniversity of Applied Sciences Utrecht · Retired
Martin van den Berg
PhD
About
33
Publications
23,055
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Introduction
I'm currently working on the topic of Explainable Artificial Intelligence.
Education
September 2012 - September 2019
August 1990 - June 1992
August 1974 - February 1982
Publications
Publications (33)
The insurance industry in the Netherlands applies artificial intelligence (AI) in different processes and acknowledges that AI should be implemented in an ethical and responsible manner. Therefore, the Dutch Association of Insurers supported the industry by publishing an ethical framework. However, the framework is a set of high-level requirements,...
This white paper is the result of a research project by Hogeschool Utrecht, Copenhagen Business School and the Dutch Association of Insurers in the period
February-June 2023.
The goal of the research project was to provide an overview of the practical implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in fraud detection of non-life insurance claims in...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers organizations unprecedented opportunities. However, one of the risks of using AI is that its outcomes and inner workings are not intelligible. In industries where trust is critical, such as healthcare and finance, explainable AI (XAI) is a necessity. However, the implementation of XAI is not straightforward, as i...
The goal of the research project was to identify the aspects that play a role in the implementation of the explainability of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the Dutch financial sector. In this white paper, we present a checklist of the aspects that we derived from this research. The checklist contains checkpoints and related questions that...
According to literature, digital transformation requires an organization to develop a broad, holistic, and business ecosystem perspective on how digital technologies can be used to rethink and improve business models, products, services, and processes. The objective of this research is to empirically explore the claim that the business ecosystem pe...
Explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) is seen as a solution to making AI systems less of a “black box”. It is essential to ensure transparency, fairness, and accountability – which are especially paramount in the financial sector. The aim of this study was a preliminary investigation of the perspectives of supervisory authorities and regulated...
Explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) is seen as a solution to making AI systems less of a "black box". It is essential to ensure transparency, fairness, and accountability-which are especially paramount in the financial sector. The aim of this study was a preliminary investigation of the perspectives of supervisory authorities and regulated en...
Organizations operate in a socioeconomic context, and alignment with this context is key for business success. The rate of change and impact of these changes on the operating model of the organization appears to be increasing. Major trends are the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008, the "VUCA" aspects (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, am...
The use of AI is on the rise in the financial sector, and with it there is a call for AI to be understandable and transparent. Explainable AI (XAI) strives to open the black box of AI systems. However, how the contents of that box of data and algorithms are to be converted into an understandable explanation for the involved stakeholders is currentl...
Cloud computing is a growing part of the IT industry and is seen collectively as a solution to manage data and systems effectively. In numerous areas, cloud computing is being used as the standard for deploying application areas include; banking, telecommunications, and logistics. However, migrating IT infrastructure and applications to the cloud c...
According to literature, enterprise architecture (EA) is supposed to support IT investment decision-making. However, it is not yet clear how EA can do that. The objective of this study is to explore how EA can support IT investment decisions. A quantitative research approach was chosen, in which data were collected from a survey of 142 participants...
Enterprise architecture (EA) offers ways to steer and guide the design and evolution of the enterprise, including its information technology (IT). One of the objectives of EA is to support IT decision-making. This study aims to provide EA researchers and practitioners with insight into the linkages between IT decisions and discuss the implications...
Background: Enterprise architecture (EA) offers ways to steer and guide the design and evolution of the enterprise including its information technology (IT). One of the outputs of EA is improved decision-making about IT. Objective: This study aims to provide EA researchers and practitioners with insights into how IT decision-making actually takes p...
Only extraterrestrials just arrived from outer space can have missed the fact that we are in a global economic recession right now. Maybe it will blow over soon, but many expect worse conditions ahead. Organizations prepare for a period with very little room to maneuver. Revenue is drying up and the only way to make a profit is to cut cost and wait...
Enterprise architecture is a relatively young field. Many organiza-tions are still engaged in implementing and developing
a fully mature enterprise architecture practice. In this paper we introduce an architecture maturity model that enables us
to identify strong and weak points in an organization’s architecture practice and to consequently set pri...
In this paper we introduce an architectur e maturity model for the domain of enterprise archi tecture. The model differs from other existing models in that it departs from the standard 5-level approach. It distinguishes 18 factors, called key areas, which a re relevant to developing an architectural practice . Each key area has its own maturity dev...
For many, architecture is a relatively abstract notion. Architects often have difficulty in clearly articulating its value. This typically leads to skepticism in the organization, causing the architects to doubt if they are, in fact, approaching things in the right way. Even worse, they may cut themselves off from the organization and bury themselv...
Implementing effective architectural practices means dealing with a number of pitfalls. It becomes even more difficult when an organization does not consider implementing architecture until the need for architectural artifacts is urgent.
Once the required architectures, the most important improvements in the architectural process and the practices constituting the architect’s role have all been clearly identified, the time has come to implement a professionalization program. A change strategy is defined for this purpose. It establishes the level of ambition, style of the approach t...
Working with architecture means governing changes in the organization by means of organization-wide direction settingmodels and principles (i.e. the architecture). It is impossible to set up such a framework for all the facets of an organization. Consequently, choices must be made concerning content, scope, depth and form of the architecture.
The employment of architecture is amultifaceted process. Tomake the architecture function effectively, it is essential to set priorities. Not everything can be done at once, and fortunately this is not necessary. The Architecture Maturity Matrix helps guide the proper choices.
In its ultimate form, architecture gives an organization the power to respond quickly and effectively to change. The capacity to respond effectively requires a combination of thought and action. Two instruments, the Quadrant Model and the DYA Model, can analyze an organization’s capabilities in this regard.
The architect is an important factor in the successful employment of architecture. His or her customer orientation, expertise, empathy and readiness to work and share knowledge with others all contribute to this success.
On average Dutch Enterprise Architecture products are attractive and provide guidance to the enterprise in times of change. However, they rarely address all issues completely. Only 50% of the Enterprise Architecture products are judged readable. The Enterprise Architecture products are very explicit about their status but do not mention a clear tim...
Questions
Questions (2)
I'm preparing a master student course on enterprise architecture. In this 7 day course we teach enterprise architecture from an theoretical and practical perspective. Topics that we teach are the context of EA, the role of EA in digital transformation, the what and why of EA principles and EA models, frameworks like TOGAF and ArchiMate, the role of stakeholders and communication etc. My question is: what academic paper on EA do you recommend for this course and why?
The researchgroup Artificial Intelligence at the Hogeschool Utrecht studies XAI and defines it at follows:
Given a stakeholder, XAI is a set of capabilities that produces an explanation (details, reasons, or underlying causes) to make the functioning and/or results of an AI solution sufficiently clear so that it is understandable to that stakeholder and addresses the stakeholder’s concerns.
This definition highlights that:
- An explanation has one or more stakeholders and every stakeholder may require a different kind of explanation according to his/her concerns.
- An AI solution can have multiple stakeholders requiring an explanation.
- XAI is a capability, i.e. the ability to provide a meaningful explanation. In the context of XAI this capability not only consists of methods and techniques, but also of processes (social interaction) and people (stakeholders).
- XAI produces an explanation in the form of details, reasons or underlying causes. This information needs to be tailored to the stakeholder so that he/she can understand it and in a way that it addresses his/her concerns.
- XAI is about the functioning and results of an AI solution. The scope of XAI is thus an AI solution.
Do you agree with this definition? What may be improved?
