Martin Ramírez Urquidy- Economics, PhD.
- Faculty Member at Autonomous University of Baja California
Martin Ramírez Urquidy
- Economics, PhD.
- Faculty Member at Autonomous University of Baja California
Currently researching institutions and entrepreneurship, immigrant entrepreneurship, and ecosystems in Mexico.
About
70
Publications
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Introduction
My research concentrates on analyzing the role of small businesses and entrepreneurship (SBE) in societies and the diverse factors that influence their emergence and performance in developing countries. I have studied the relationship between SBE and economic performance, including employment and growth; also, the impact of diverse factors such as macroeconomic aggregates, institutions, education and R+D on different entrepreneurship outcomes, i.e., types of ventures according to their character
Current institution
Additional affiliations
August 1998 - present
Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC)
Position
- Professor (Full)
March 2015 - present
August 1998 - present
Publications
Publications (70)
Estudio que se sustenta en el modelo de Orientación Emprendedora Universitaria. Tiene por objetivo identificar cómo los estudiantes de nivel licenciatura en México perciben que se gestiona el fomento al emprendimiento innovador en su ecosistema universitario. Se dividió en tres regiones a las universidades públicas estatales del país y esta parte m...
Purpose
The research aims to applying Baumol’s framework to address some research gaps in the literature. This paper aims to analyze how institutional variations at the subnational level impact entrepreneurship decisions and the path toward productive or unproductive entrepreneurship in an institutionally underdeveloped country. The results offer p...
Social enterprises are born to social problems solutions without neglecting their financial, economic, and environmental viability. Consequently, in recent years, these ventures have gained strength as a viable and innovative alternative to achieve sustainable development, capable of combining economic growth, social inclusion, and sustainability f...
El libro trata del emprendimiento y los ecosistemas en México para clasificar, caracterizar y evaluar los ecosistemas de sus entidades federativas. De acuerdo con los fundamentos de la economía del emprendimiento e influyentes marcos de referencia para el análisis de los ecosistemas se propone el Índice de Emprendimiento y Contexto Emprendedor (IEC...
This article analyzes the role of the economic context determining the entrepreneurial outcomes at state level in Mexico during 2005-2019 and assesses the effects derived from downturns and their implications for employment. It is found that these effects depend on the type of venture, the states' entrepreneurial structures, the ventures' sensibili...
This paper studies the evolution of some higher education and R&D variables in Mexico during 2007–2017 and determines their effects on different entrepreneurial outcomes. It is shown that these variables affect the entrepreneurial outcomes heterogeneously depending on the type of venture. They do not explain the overall entrepreneurship; however, t...
Este trabajo examina la influencia de los financiamientos en el desempeño de las microempresas artesanales de San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca, México. Para ello, se aplicaron encuestas y entrevistas semiestructuradas a actores clave del desarrollo local y empresarios artesanales entre enero y febrero de 2017. Los resultados evidencian que, si bien lo...
This research determines the impact of some higher education and R+D variables on different entrepreneurship outcomes in the states of Mexico during the period 2007-2017. By applying panel data analysis tracking the Mexican states over time and specifying an entrepreneurship model, the research shows that these variables affect the entrepreneurial...
Microfinance institutions (MFIs) constitute a support mechanism for microenterprises in Mexico by designing programmes that are accessible to this type of business. This article makes a comparative analysis of the financing programmes granted by MFIs and commercial banking and in turn, determines the impact of these supports on the results of the m...
This research presents empirical results about the importance of tax morale in the probability of tax compliance in social businesses. It highlights the relevance of increasing the intrinsic value to the social business owner on paying taxes, instead of the traditional approach of increasing punishment, to reduce non-compliance. The paper suggests...
En México, el sector artesanal tiene poco reconocimiento; a pesar de ser una
actividad que puede ser rentable, son pocos los negocios que se han consolidado
apostando a un crecimiento y a una orientación nacional e internacional. Este es el caso de las microempresas artesanales de Oaxaca, que carecen de una visión empresarial del negocio, y más bie...
La informalidad es un fenómeno que se vincula
directamente con la falta de productividad en las
microempresas sociales y se considera un lastre
que les impide transitar hacia mayores niveles
de bienestar. Aún se debate cuál es el sentido de
causalidad entre la informalidad y el desempeño
de una microempresa; sin embargo, las políticas
públicas trad...
Purpose: The goal of this paper is to characterize the economic and financial management (EFM) practices in Mexican micro-enterprises and determine their impact on business performance under the hypothesis that EFM practices focused on achieving the optimal level of liquidity and profitability positively affect the performance of micro-enterprises....
Este trabajo describe la evolución de la economía y de la industria manufacturera en el estado de Baja California. A partir de algunos planteamientos teóricos y empíricos desde la organización industrial y del análisis de los cambios en la estructura del empleo por actividad manufacturera, el trabajo encuentra tendencias de concentración del empleo...
El ambiente competitivo alentado por los procesos de globalización económica ha hecho que la innovación y el desarrollo se erijan como la principal estrategia competitiva, por lo que la educación juega un papel trascendental. Por otra parte, las políticas económicas impulsadas por los gobiernos han sido insuficientes para promover crecimiento con e...
This paper evaluates the role of human capital in the productivity performance of Mexican microenterprises by estimating productivity functions using standard econometric techniques. Two sources of human capital are analyzed: formal education acquired at educational institutions and business experience of the entrepreneurs. The data is originated f...
En este trabajo se analiza la posibilidad de supervivencia de las microempresas de base social del estado de Baja California. Para ello se estima un modelo probabilístico logit a partir del cual se estudian diversos escenarios asociados a la posibilidad de que las microempresas superen los 3 primeros años de operación en el mercado. Ello debido a q...
Resumen Este estudio analiza el efecto que la capacidad innovadora genera en el nivel de ingreso y en la productividad de algunas variables tecnoeconómicas, como las patentes, las expor-taciones en bienes de alta tecnología y en el ingreso por balanza de pagos tecnológica de México. Primero se estima la capacidad innovadora mediante un modelo facto...
This study analyzes the effect of innovative capability generated in the level of income and productivity of techno-economic variables such as patents, exports in high-technology goods and income by technological BOP Mexico. The first stage was to build innovative capacity through a factor model, while a second held the estimates under a cointegrat...
En este trabajo se evalúa el desempeño de 1 183 microempresas, que recibieron servicios de desarrollo empresarial en Baja California, mediante un modelo que utiliza las ventas acumuladas como variable proxy de experiencia, para calcular los coeficientes de elasticidad de aprendizaje por empresa. Se supone que a través de prácticas de asistencia, ca...
This paper analyzes the implementation of a regional public policy that favors the development
of micro and small enterprises in Baja California’s economy to mitigate a gloomy
employment situation. Using estimated regression models, it was found that in a global
economic crisis scenario where production and employment in large companies are constra...
This paper analyzes the implementation of a regional public policy that favors the development of micro and small enterprises in Baja California's economy to mitigate a gloomy employment situation. Using estimated regression models, it was found that in a global economic crisis scenario where production and employment in large companies are constra...
El análisis del rol del emprendedor en pequeños negocios que podrían
llegar a ser de sobrevivencia requiere una medida de la magnitud
de su potencial de crecimiento pero también de su contribución
a la estabilidad social y al abatimiento de la pobreza.
Consolidation opportunities for social based enterprises: the case of Baja California microenterprises
Resumen
Este trabajo analiza un grupo de emprendimientos de base social del estado de Baja California y los factores que influyen en sus posibilidades de supervivencia en el mercado. Destaca el efecto del nivel de estudios de los microempresario...
We analyze microdata from the Mexican Consumer Confidence Survey for the years 2008 to 2012. Based on descriptive statistics and t-tests we found that consumer confidence is significantly different across socioeconomic groups and that for some productive sectors, although no radical changes occurred in their expectations during the recent global ec...
El papel del capital humano y el aprendizaje en las microempresas de base social en Baja California Resumen Este trabajo tiene como objetivos conocer la estructura del capital humano y el apren-dizaje en las microempresas de base social del estado de Baja California y determinar el papel de éste sobre el desempeño micro-empresarial. Ello con el fin...
Using microdata from the National Survey of Occupation and Employment we analyze empirically the evolution of labor mobility within occupational categories related to self-employment in Mexico during the 2008-2009 recession. We classify the population according to some labor and social variables to help to identify patterns of gender-differentiated...
A partir de los microdatos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo se analiza empíricamente la evolución de los flujos laborales relacionados con el autoempleo en México en el entorno temporal de la recesión iniciada en 2008. Se encuentra que la segregación por variables laborales y sociales ayuda a identificar patrones de comportamiento dife...
Theoretical approaches have suggested that entrepreneurship patterns are linked to economic development, and the direction of this relationship varies depending on the socioeconomic features of a country, the institutional context and the stage of economic development. It is therefore useful to ask the following question. What is the relationship b...
Theoretical approaches have suggested that entrepreneurship patterns are linked to economic development, and the direction of this relationship varies depending on the socioeconomic features of a country, the institutional context and the stage of economic development. It is therefore useful to ask the following question. What is the relationship b...
Theoretical approaches have suggested that entrepreneurship patterns are linked to economic development, and the direction of this relationship varies depending on the socioeconomic features of a country, the institutional context and the stage of economic development. It is therefore useful to ask the following question. What is the relationship b...
El trabajo por cuenta propia que se traduce en un sector amplio de microempresarios en México, donde del total de las unidades económicas 97% son microempresas que generan el 65% del empleo, deben servir como detonante para diseñar una política pública integral de seguridad social, orientada a quienes son los mayores generadoras de empleo en el paí...
This paper aims to study the influence of pecuniary and non-pecuniary aspects on entrepreneurship. It attempts to fill a gap in terms of explaining how these aspects determine individual and household choices or constraints regarding entering entrepreneurship as either part time, with participation in labor markets, or as full time, as well as the...
El Programa de Capacitación y Asistencia para el Desarrollo Microempresarial constituye un esfuerzo de colaboración universidad-gobierno-empresa que busca mejorar las condiciones de bienestar y desarrollo de los microempresarios de base social a partir de la capacitación, la asistencia técnica y la promoción de la formalización de sus actividades,...
Mexico's business structure has been characterized by the presence of microenterprises, particularly those averaging two workers, representing 65% of establishments in 2008 and 18% of employment. This makes them important for equity and welfare improvement of their members. This paper analyzes the performance of a group of 227 microenterprises in t...
A revitalized conception of the linkage between HEIs and society, which promotes the labor-market perspective
and entrepreneurship, would produce a new supply of trained social actors to support Mexican innovation and
promote the growth of businesses by encouraging graduates to look for innovative ways to utilize their ducation
within a renovated e...
Using data from the National Urban Employment Survey we estimate Markov chains an approximation to the transition probabilities between different labor statuses, during 1987-1999 in Mexico. It is found that the informal sector behavior is linked to the economic cycle. Unregulated outsourcing has become a growing employment alternative being used as...
The paper discusses the conditions for microenterprises to remain in the market. The analysis demonstrates that microenterprises facing tight constraints may remain in the market only if they are capable of achieving increasing returns and economies of scale that shift down their average cost curves towards more competitive levels. This finding is...
El trabajo discute la forma en que las microempresas permanecen en el mercado. Se demuestra que para este tipo de empresas de mínimo tamaño y fuertes restricciones, esto sólo es posible cuando tienen capacidad de generar rendimientos crecientes y economías de escala como para desplazar sus curvas de costos medios hacia puntos más competitivos. Esta...
Resumen: La estructura industrial de México incorpora una proporción significativa de agentes que emprenden negocios a escalas reduci - das y en un esquema de informalidad. Esta condición los aleja de los mercados formales de crédito, por lo que enfrentan una restric - ción permanente de liquidez. Este artículo prueba la hipótesis de que existen mi...
This paper presents an experience of a service learning program in underprivileged Microenterprises. An aspect that turns out to be original as compared to other contributions in literature is the explicit assessment of the impact of the program on the enterprises, since most of the related studies focus on evaluating the students experience and im...
This paper presents an experience of a service learning program in underprivileged Microenterprises. An aspect that turns out to be original as compared to other contributions in literature is the explicit assessment of the impact of the program on the enterprises, since most of the related studies focus on evaluating the students experience and im...
Innovation and development are strategic issues supporting the competitiveness of regions in the global world; consequently education plays a critical roll. Though, economic policies applied by most of the governments has been insufficient to promote growth and equity, which may be explained greatly by the failure of large groups of micro and small...
Innovation and development are strategic issues supporting the competitiveness of regions in the global world; consequently education plays a critical roll. Though, economic policies applied by most of the governments has been insufficient to promote growth and equity, which may be explained greatly by the failure of large groups of micro and small...
The hypothesis that human capital increases productivity is tested using data from a sample of low value-added microenterprises. A special attribute of this paper is the join treatment of formal learning or training in education institutions, and informal training by experience of the owner in the firm management. Following previous studies, the re...
The hypothesis that human capital increases productivity is tested using data from a sample of low value-added microenterprises. A special attribute of this paper is the join treatment of formal learning or training in education institutions, and informal training by experience of the owner in the firm management. Following previous studies, the re...
The hypothesis that human capital increases productivity is tested using data from a sample of low value-added microenterprises. A special attribute of this paper is the join treatment of formal learning or training in education institutions, and informal training by experience of the owner in the firm management. Following previous studies, the re...
The hypothesis that human capital increases productivity is tested using data from a sample of low value-added microenterprises. A special attribute of this paper is the join treatment of formal learning or training in education institutions, and informal training by experience of the owner in the firm management. Following previous studies, the re...
Microenterprises have become of increasing importance in the economic and social development. This has led policy makers to view their support as a strategy for poverty alleviation in developing countries. Financial and non-financial service support programs with diverse organizations have been established, rendering heterogeneous results, and lead...
Microenterprises have become of increasing importance in the economic and social development. This
has led policy makers to view their support as a strategy for poverty alleviation in developing countries.
Financial and non-financial service support programs with diverse organizations have been established,
rendering heterogeneous results, and lead...
El presente trabajo analiza los cambios económicos, algunas transformaciones institucionales
y la evolución de algunos indicadores de bienestar a partir de la alternancia política
en el estado de Baja California. El estudio utiliza el enfoque institucional bajo la hipótesis
de que la alternancia política y las transformaciones institucionales que l...
The figures before and after the North America Free Trade Agreement between Canada, Mexico and United States, suggest the intensification of the North region economic dynamics, particularly in the sates of Baja California. This paper attempts to determine whether the state’s extraordinary growth has been led by efficiency improvement or just by fac...
This paper analyzes the economic changes and the changes in some welfare indicators associated to the political alternation and to a changing institutional framework in the Mexican state of Baja California. The paper uses the institutional approach to economic development under the hypothesis that the political alternation and the institutional tra...
We analyzed the performance of marginalized subsistence microenterprises, through dichotomous logistic regressions by maximum likelihood. We tested 52,224 hypotheses, trying to find behavior patterns on microenterprises. The results show that performance is the result of a combination of factors related to the owners and the decisions made by them...
This paper analyzes the economic changes and the changes in some welfare indicators associated to the political alternation and to a changing institutional framework in the Mexican state of Baja California. The paper uses the institutional approach to economic development under the hypothesis that the political alternation and the institutional tra...
