Martin C. Lukas

Norwegian University of Science and Technology | NTNU · Department of Geography

Coal mining is known for its contributions to climate change, but its impacts on the environment and human lives near mine sites are less widely recognised. This study integrates remote sensing, GIS, stakeholder interviews and extensive review of provincial data and documents to identify patterns of infringement, risk and impact driven by coal mini...

Indonesia's rivers are of global importance in terms of their dissolved and particulate fluxes as well as in terms of the controlling natural factors and the human interventions in their catchments. The rivers of the volcanic islands of Java and Sumatra have been affected by different kinds of anthropogenic environmental transformation. While on Ja...

Indonesian mangrove forests are of major local and global importance for ecological and economic reasons. Indonesia has both the largest area of mangrove forests and the highest mangrove deforestation rate by country. Using the mangrove-fringed Segara Anakan Lagoon on Java as a prime example, this chapter explains the ecosystem services provided by...

Conversions of natural forests to forest plantations threaten ecosystems and forest-dependent indigenous populations in many parts of the world. It is crucial to understand the scale and nature of such forest conversions and how they affect forest-dependent communities as a basis for prudent forest management and protection of indigenous livelihood...

The identification and quantification of natural carbon (C) sinks is critical to global climate change mitigation efforts. Tropical coastal wetlands are considered important in this context, yet knowledge of their dynamics and quantitative data are still scarce. In order to quantify the C accumulation rate and understand how it is influenced by lan...

Java’s extensive political forests and their contentious social relations have been profoundly transformed since the turn of the 21st century. This paper analyses new forms of forest land use, control, and revenue distribution, shaping and shaped by political‐economic changes and neoliberal‐era reforms. Villagers’ expanded uses, access to, and cont...

This paper analyses the emergence and fixing of scales in struggles over environmental issues. Using the example of watershed and coastal management in Java, we show how political framings of environmental matters and struggles over resources are linked to scalar regimes. We conceptualise these regimes as scalar fixes in which scales of interventio...

The intense scholarly debate on the resource curse and political initiatives aimed at preventing it have largely focused on macro-economic aspects and national-level institutions and policies. Sub-national structures have received clearly less attention. We argue that institutions, power relations, and politics at the local and regional level play...

Manajemen daerah aliran sungai dan pesisir sudah lama menjadi area prioritas dalam kebijakan konservasi dan pembangunan lingkungan di Indonesia. Perdebatan seputar degradasi daerah aliran sungai di Pulau Jawa beserta dampaknya di bagian hilir muncul mulai dekade-dekade awal abad ke-20. Sejak awal, perdebatan ini berkaitan erat dengan kebijakan tent...

Watershed and coastal management have long been priority areas for environmental conservation and development policies in Indonesia. Debates over watershed degradation on Java and its effects downstream can be traced back at least to the early 20th century. These debates have been closely linked to forest policies from early on and shaped by agricu...

Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan selama beberapa dekade untuk melawan degradasi daerah aliran sungai dan lahan di Pulau Jawa. Namun, banyak daerah aliran sungai dan lahan tetap terdegradasi. Makalah ini menunjukkan rumitnya hubungan pengelolaan daerah aliran sungai dengan dikotomi antara lahan hutan negara dan lahan pribadi petani, serta upaya untuk...

Watershed processes and their effects on coasts are shaped by numerous interacting natural and societal factors. The knowledge of these factors and processes is often limited. This makes the field prone to politicisations with debates, research, and interventions being confined to a few selected factors. Debates on the causes of high river sediment...

Proses daerah aliran sungai dan dampaknya pada pesisir dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor alam dan sosial yang berkaitan. Informasi tentang faktor dan proses ini sering kali terbatas. Akibatnya, bidang ini menjadi rentan terhadap politisasi dengan adanya debat, penelitian, dan intervensi yang terbatas pada sejumlah kecil pemicu masalah-masalah terseb...

Human influence has become a commonality that drives environmental change across all ecosystems, including on the world's oceans and coasts. Yet, the more nuanced interplay of how specific social system components and processes are coupled to ecological outcomes is not well understood. This is in part due to the diversity of institutions, culture,...

The historical cartographic material of insular Southeast Asia provides significant potential for research into historical environmental changes. Yet most of this potential has not been realized. This article explores the historical cartography of the Segara Anakan lagoon region on Java’s south coast in the context of a shoreline change analysis. I...

The dissertation examines land use, watershed, and coastal dynamics, their drivers, and related environmental governance and management approaches in Java, Indonesia. It questions long-standing narratives about the drivers of high river sediment loads and coastal sedimentation and contributes new insight into the dynamics and causes of these proces...

Historical maps provide large potential for research into environmental histories. However, the limited availability and accuracy of early cartographic material restricts the analytical time scale of inquiry and poses methodological challenges. An important consideration in this context is the question: at minimum, how accurate must historical maps...

Land degradation has been a major political issue in Java for decades. Its causes have generally been framed by narratives focussing on farmers’ unsustainable cultivation practices. This paper causally links land degradation with struggles over natural resources in Central Java. It presents a case study that was part of a research project combining...

Indonesia comprises more mangroves than any other country, but also exhibits some of the highest mangrove loss rates worldwide. Most of these mangrove losses are caused by aquaculture development. Monetary valuation of the numerous ecosystem services of mangroves may contribute to their conservation. However, our analysis of mangrove to aquaculture...

Current modes of and challenges in watershed and forest governance in Java should be understood as result of long-standing struggles over the access to and control of natural resources. These struggles are closely intertwined with sociopolitical discourses, international development and environmental management paradigms and the broader revolutiona...

the Kapuas river in west-Kalimantan, indonesia’s longest river, is a prime example illustrating the conflict-laden multi-functionality of water in south-east asia. diverse utilisations of the river and adjacent land areas by local residents as well as corporate and state-led environmental transformations affect the river in various ways and bea...

With this paper we demonstrate, using the example of the Segara Anakan lagoon in south Java, Indonesia, that exploring the environmental history of an area may provide important information for the understanding of present day problems and their possible solutions. The lagoon is seriously affected by sedimentation. Management measures aiming at its...